To the south of Jingwu Pond is the Hantai South Courtyard, also known as the Hantai Forest of Steles. Inside is the most important group of displays in the museum. This is Baoxie, which was listed as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. "Dao Shimen and its cliff stone carvings".
Hantai Stele Forest is divided into two exhibition rooms: the east is the Baoxie Ancient Plank Road Exhibition Room, and the west is the Shimen Thirteen Products Exhibition Room. Baoxie Ancient Plank Road Exhibition The room is divided into three units, which respectively display the directions of the seven ancient roads that crossed the Qinba Mountains in ancient times, the excavation of the Shimen Tunnel at the southern end of the Baoxie Ancient Plank Road, various forms of plank roads built according to local conditions, and the official facilities along the plank road, the "Post Pavilion and Post Office". "Place".
Since ancient times, our ancestors have made countless expeditions and trampled on seven main roads through the mountains between Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains: Chencang Road, Baoxie Road, Tangluo Road, Ziwu Road The road passes through the Qinling Mountains, and the Jinniu Road, Micang Road and Lizhi Road pass through Daba Mountain. These roads were collectively called Shu Road in history. There are plank roads of different shapes along the Shu Road, which were called "Shu Road" by the famous bridge expert Mr. Mao Yisheng. The main relics on Baoxie Road are as famous as the Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal: Shimen, Kongquetai Plank Road and Shiyazi Plank Road.
The remains of Kongquetai Cliff Plank Road are located in Nanhe Township, Liuba County. On the west bank of the Baoshui River in Kongquetai Village, Wuguanyi Town today, the plank road passes through the cliff facing the deep pool. 30 cm square stone beams are inserted into the holes of the plank, with a spacing of 40-60 cm, and are covered with stone slabs for people to pass through. The shape of the stone plank road belongs to the "thousand-beam column-less style". In the early years, villagers used the holes in the wall of the ancient plank road to build a canal base to raise the water level and facilitate irrigation. It is an example of the combination of ancient transportation and modern water conservancy.
The Baoxie Road has the longest duration across the Qinling Mountains. , the most convenient Shu Road, plays an irreplaceable role in the Shu Road. In the feudal era, the smooth flow of government orders and the exchange of merchants all took place along the Baoxie Road. Therefore, a large number of historical and cultural heritages were left along the Baoxie Road, such as postal service, etc. Pavilions, post houses and means of transportation.
There is also a rubbing in the exhibition room, which is taken from a stone carving of "Ritual Order" in Lingyan Temple, Lueyang County, Shaanxi Province. This is the earliest piece of transportation discovered so far in our country. Rules. The stone carving is 60 centimeters high and 40 centimeters wide. There are three characters "Yizhi Ling" engraved in the middle, and four lines of twelve characters running in parallel: "The humble should avoid the noble, the small should avoid the strong, the light should avoid the heavy, go and avoid the coming". "Chunxi Xinchou Yiling Wang Lishi" is the reign name of Xiaozong (Zhao Rui) of the Southern Song Dynasty, and "Xinchou" is the eighth year of Chunxi (1181). The stone tablet erected by the county on the thoroughfare of the county is equivalent to the current traffic regulations. It is a physical material for studying ancient moral norms and polite behavior. The Shimen Thirteen Products Exhibition Room displays 13 pieces of stone carved from inside and outside the Baogu Shimen Tunnel. The exquisite cliff stone carvings are also known as the "Thirteen Products of the Han and Wei Dynasties". In order to save cultural relics during the construction of Shimen Reservoir in 1967, nearly 200 cliff stone carvings on both sides of the Shimen Ancient Plank Road were selected with high historical research and calligraphy skills. Thirteen stone carvings worth 1,000 yuan were hollowed out around the stone carvings, and the entire stone carving was cut out and moved to the Hanzhong Museum.
The thirteen products are: the first product "Shimen" stele; the second product "Chù Jun Kai Tong Baoxie Road" cliff; the third product "Huajun Stele Explanation" cliff; the fourth product "Li Junbiao" cliff ; The fifth-grade "Ode to the Stone Gate" cliff; the sixth-grade "Yanghuai Biaoji" cliff; the seventh-grade "Jade Basin" cliff; the eighth-grade "Stone Tiger" cliff; the ninth-grade "Gun Xue" cliff; the tenth grade "Li Baotong Pavilion Road" cliff; The eleventh product is "Pan Zongbo and Han Zhongyuan" on the cliff; the twelfth product is "Shimen Inscription"; the thirteenth product is "Rebuilding the Mountain and River Weir". Among them, there are 8 types of Han inscriptions, 1 type each of Cao Wei and Northern Wei dynasties, 3 types of Song dynasty inscriptions, and 5 types of Han and Wei cliffs that record or praise the history of building Baoxie Road and constructing Tongsai.
"The Cliff of Kaijun Baoxie Road" is known as "the first ancient stone in southern Shaanxi". It was engraved in 66 AD. It is the earliest cliff carving in my country. It was originally about one mile south of Shimen Cave. Among the cliffs, the stone is made of mica schist. The surface of the monument is uneven, with ravines in between. The text is full of text, which records the story of Emperor Liuzhuang of the Han and Ming Dynasties re-opening the Baoxie Road and digging the Fumen Tunnel. In terms of calligraphy, it inherits the small seal script of the Qin Dynasty and the ancient official script at the bottom. It has a seal script in the official script and has quite an ancient charm. It is a typical representative of the transition from seal script to official script. This calligraphy style is the only one in the country and is known as a national treasure. Yang Shoujing, a native of the Qing Dynasty, commented: “The ancient beauty of nature is as beautiful as stone patterns, which cannot be imitated for generations.
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"Ode to the Stone Gate", the full name of which is "Ode to Yang Jun, the Commander of the Sili School", was engraved in the second year of Jianhe (148). The emperor wrote a letter to refute the opinions and restored the history of Baoxie Road. It also reflects the history of the four roads passing through the Qinling Mountains during the Eastern Han Dynasty. These are not recorded in history books, so they have extremely high historical documentary value.
The writer of "Ode to the Stone Gate" intended to praise virtues rather than show off calligraphy. However, his calligraphy was called "the best work of Han Li and a must-learn model for those who study Li". "Ode to the West" and "Ode to the Fuge" written by Lueyang in Hanzhong are also known as the "Three Odes of the Han Dynasty". They are the best works in official script and a treasure of calligraphy.
"Ode to Shimen" represents ancient official script. It is the highest level, unrestrained, simple, powerful and elegant. It is a masterpiece that calligraphers have copied for thousands of years. Zhang Zuyi of the Qing Dynasty commented that "in the past three hundred years, there have been countless people who have studied Han Dynasty steles, but no one has learned "Ode to the Stone Gate". "Because of his strong and unrestrained spirit, timid people dare not learn, and those who are weak cannot learn." ”
After “Ode to the Stone Gate”, there are also Han Dynasty stone carvings such as “Li Jun Biao” and “Yanghuai Biao Ji”. Their style inherits the style of “Ode to the Stone Gate”, but has developed. They are all exquisite cliff sculptures of the Han Dynasty. "Yang Huai Biao Ji", the full name is "Si Li Xiao Wei Yang Huai Xia Pi Xiang Yang Bi Biao Ji", Yang Huai and Yang Bi brothers are the grandsons of Si Li Xiao Wei Yang Mengwen in "Ode to the Stone Gate"
Cao Wei. Among the stone carvings, "Li Baotong Pavilion Road Cliff" is a rare relic of the Three Kingdoms, and is a physical material for studying the battles between Shu and Wei in the Three Kingdoms. "Shimen Inscription" is one of the famous cliff carvings of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
《 The full name of "Shimen Inscription" is "Taiyang Zhikaifu Shimen Inscription". In the first month of the second year of Yongping (509) of Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Wang Yuanshudan and Wu Aren of Taiyuan carved the inscription on the cliff of Shimen in Baoxie Valley in the northeast of Baocheng County. It is recorded that the grand opening of Baoxie Road was praised by Yang Zhi, the governor of Liang and Qin Dynasties, who "sent the left school magistrate Jia Sande" to reopen the Baoxie Road. It records the history of the change of Baoxie Road to Hueche (southeast of today's Feng County) in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The calligraphy of "Shimen Inscription" is also extremely precious. It has transitioned from regular script to regular script and has a very high status among Wei steles. Kang Youwei rated it as the Feiyi Sect in "Guangyi Zhou Shuangji": "Shimen Inscription is flying and elegant, and it is elegant and elegant. Immortals, like the scattered immortals on Yao Island, are flying astride the crane, but they don’t know the immortality of fireworks in the human world. "In modern times, Mr. Yu Youren wrote in "Your Ren Mo Yuan" that "the inscription on the stone gate is written in the morning and twenty pieces are written in the evening. After hard work, the pillow is wet with tears every night. "" sentence, we can see the important position of "Shimen Inscription" in the practice of calligraphy.
Among the thirteen products of Shimen, there are also several stone carvings describing the scenery of Bao Valley, such as "Shimen" and "Jade Basin" , "Stone Tiger", "Gun Xue", etc., these four Han-official characters on cliffs are all works of expressing feelings, left by famous scholars of the past dynasties.
"Jade Basin" is passed down from generation to generation. Written by Zhang Liang, it is located in the Bao River south of Shimen. It is shaped like a giant basin and has a color like jade. The "Floating Jade Basin" was one of the twenty-four scenic spots in Bao Valley in the Qing Dynasty.
"Stone Tiger". , written by Zheng Zizhen, a native of Baozhong County in the Western Han Dynasty. Zheng Zizhen, whose name was Pu, lived in seclusion in Jishan, Baogu all year round, and was very famous. Shimen faces Shihu Peak across the Baohe River, and the local saying goes, "Shimen faces Shihu". Zheng Zizhen saw that Shihu Peak looked like a tiger coming down the mountain from a distance, ready to pounce, so he wrote the powerful word "Shihu" and engraved it on the cliff below Shihu Peak. The characters were 30 centimeters in diameter. They were written in official script and signed. "Zheng Zizhen's calligraphy". Zheng Zizhen's word "Shihu" is thick and powerful. The left wave of "Shi" is clumsy and simple but not frivolous. The structure of "Hu" is simplified and the left and right waves are steady and complementary. In response, the three vertical columns below are open and ready, like a majestic tiger hunched over ready to pounce. The word "stone tiger" is included in the cliff carvings of the Han Dynasty.
《 "Gun Xue" was written by Cao Cao, the king of Wei. Next to "Gun Xue" were the two small characters "King of Wei". It was originally carved on a huge stone in the Bao River about half a mile south of Shimen. It was written horizontally on the right and the word diameter was 45 cm. , it is said that this is Cao Cao's unique handwriting.
The water flowed under the stone gate, and it was like snow rolling due to the many rocks. ) Cao Cao came to Hanzhong twice and saw the waves of the Bao River splashing like rolling snow, so he wrote the word "Gun Xue" to express his feelings. "Gun Xue" originally meant "rolling snow". Cao Cao said: "He is by the water, why is he lacking water? "
The word "Gun Xue" is closer to seal script than to seal script. It is subordinate but contrary to it. The strokes are round and fluent, vivid and vivid.
"Gun" is like a pictographic character, with three dots on the top like water splashes, and a vertical hook on the bottom. The three hooks are all tilted upward, like rapid water, giving people the impression of openness, unruly, lively, boiling, and The masculine spirit that stirs and dances; the word "Snow" is peaceful, elegant, restrained, calm, simple, fluttering and full of tenderness, combined into one, masculine yet soft. Luo Xiu Shu of the Qing Dynasty sighed after seeing this word: "In the past, people compared Wei Wu to a lion, saying that his nature was active. Now seeing his book like this is like seeing the person!" Later generations also wrote poems praising "Gun Xue", saying : Rolling waves of snow make a nest, as powerful as the Milky Way pouring down from the sky. The waves dance together, and the spirit of Wei Wu spreads across the vast expanse of land.
In addition, "Explanation on the Cliff of Kaijun Baoxie Road" and "Explanation of the Names of Pan Zongbo, Han Shenyuan, and Li Bao on Tongge Road" trace the past events of the Han and Wei dynasties, and are good works of the Song Dynasty that imitated the Han Li. "The Completion of Shanhe Weir" ("Reconstruction of Shanhe Weir" on the cliff), which is huge in shape and rich in body, is a monument commemorating the completion of the Shanhe Weir by the officials and people during the Shaoxi period of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is also the largest inscription among the thirteen products of Shimen.
The Thirteen Products of Shimen are precious historical materials for the study of Baoxie Plank Road and the construction of water conservancy in Hanzhong. It is also a masterpiece of calligraphy art and a physical specimen for the study of calligraphy of the Han and Wei dynasties. From this we can see the historical trajectory of the evolution of Chinese calligraphy, which has been highly praised by scholars of all generations for more than 1,000 years. In the fifth year of Guangxu (1879), Shimen stone carvings were introduced to Japan by Yang Shoujing. They were highly appreciated by the Japanese calligraphy circles and were listed as "compulsory classics" for learning calligraphy.