at the beginning of tianbao, when I entered Chang' an and met He Zhizhang, I was called a fallen immortal, and I recommended him to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for a letter to the Hanlin. After roaming the rivers and lakes, Yong Wang Li Lin was hired as an aide. He rose up and lost, and sat in exile in Yelang (in present-day Guizhou Province) for nothing. He was pardoned on the way, and when he arrived in Dangtu, he lived in Li Yangbing, only a few people died. He is a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, including Li Taibai. Li Bai's lyrics are legendary in Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Record of Hunan and Shan Ye). As evidenced by Cui Lingqin's "Jiaofang Ji" and the Dunhuang papers circulated today, there have been tunes between Tang Kaiyuan. However, it is difficult to determine whether this chapter is too white. Today, there are still one Bodhisattva Man and one Yi Qin E recorded.
Li Bai's life
Li Bai, whose name is Taibai, was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is magnificent and bold, with rich imagination, natural language flow and harmonious and changeable melody. He is good at absorbing nutritious private materials from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. Also known as "Li Du" with Du Fu.
1. Good Ren Xia, Happy
Li Bai was born in the first year of Chang 'an of Wu Zetian (AD 71) in the western regions. At the age of five, he settled in Qinglian Township of Changlong (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) with his family.
when Li Bai was young, he was fond of Ren Xia, and he was always happy. Mianzhou, where Changlong is located, has been an active place of Taoism since the end of Han Dynasty.
Therefore, since he was a teenager, Li Bai often went to Dai Tianshan Mountain to look for Taoist priests to talk about Taoist scriptures.
Later, he lived in seclusion in Mianshan with a hermit named Dongyanzi, devoted himself to his studies, and stayed out of the city for many years. They have raised many exotic birds in the mountain forest where they live. These beautiful and docile birds, accustomed to breeding, fly in for food regularly, as if they can understand people's language. At the sound of a call, they fly down the steps from all directions, and even peck at the grain in people's hands without fear. This incident was spread as an anecdote from far and near, and finally the secretariat of Mianzhou personally went to the mountains to watch the birds eat. Seeing that they could direct the movements of birds, the secretariat decided that they had Daoism, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Daoist exam. However, both of them politely refused.
Zhao Kun, a famous strategist at that time, was also a good friend of Li Bai, who wrote ten volumes of Long and Short Classics in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (AD 716). Li Bai was only sixteen at that time. Zhao Kun's strategical work, which studies the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzes the situation in the world, and emphasizes the way to rise and fall and eliminate chaos, has aroused great interest of Li Bai. He is bent on making contributions in the future and likes to talk about the way of Wang Ba, which is also influenced by this book.
Second, brave the sword and travel far
In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan (AD 725), Li Bai went out to Shu, "brave the sword and go abroad, leaving his relatives to travel far". He took a boat out of the gorge along the river and drifted away, and the mountains in his hometown gradually disappeared beyond recognition. Only the water flowing out of the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat and sending him to a strange and distant city.
1? Lucky Meeting Sima Zhen in Jiangling
Li Bai didn't expect an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Zhen, a Taoist priest revered by three emperors.
Sima Frame, a Taoist priest in Tiantai, not only learned a whole set of Taoist spells, but also wrote a good seal script, and his poems were as elegant as immortals. Xuanzong respected him very much. He once called him to the inner hall to consult the scriptures, built a balcony view for him, and sent his younger sister Princess Yuzhen to learn Taoism with him.
Li Bai was naturally very happy to see this favored Taoist priest, and sent his own poems for his review. Li Bai was magnificent in appearance and extraordinary in qualifications. Sima Zhen appreciated him very much at first sight, but he was even more amazed when he read his poems, praising him as "a sage-like style, and he can wander with the gods." Because he saw that Li Bai was not only distinguished in appearance, but also superior in talent and writing, and he didn't draw attention from the contemporary Rong Lu officials. This was a talent he had never met in the opposition for decades, so he praised him with the highest praise from Taoism. That is to say, he has a "immortal root", that is, he is born immortal, which is similar to what He Zhizhang later praised him as a "fallen immortal", and they all regard him as an extraordinary person. This is the general impression of Li Bai's demeanor and poetic style.
Li Bai rejoiced at Sima Zhen's high evaluation. He is determined to pursue such an eternal and immortal world as "the table of wandering octupole". Excited, he wrote a great poem "Dapeng meets a bird", which used Dapeng as a metaphor and boasted about its huge speed. This is Li Bai's earliest world-famous article.
From Jiangling, he started his flying in Wan Li.
The following is "Dapeng meets Xi and has a bird":
Dapeng meets Xi and has a bird.
I was in Jiangling and saw Sima Ziwei on the rooftop, saying that I have a sage-like style and can wander with my mind. Because Dapeng meets a rare bird, it is endowed with a wide range. This fu has been handed down to the world, and it is often seen in the world. Regret your little work, and abandon it in middle age before you are poor. And read the book of Jin, see Ruan Xuanzi Dapeng praise, mean heart. Therefore, more memories are made, and more old books are different. How dare you pass it on to the authors now that you have restored your collection? Children of ordinary people.
its words say: nanhua xian, who sent the cat to paint garden. Spit out lofty remarks and make extraordinary remarks. Qi-harmony is to blame, and there are fish in the northern styles. I don't know its thousands of miles, and its name is Kun. Into a Dapeng, the quality is muddy. Take off your moustache on the island and spread your feathers in Tianmen. Brush the spring flow of the Bohai Sea, and it will help the mulberry. It's the universe, and it's the Kunlun Mountain. A drum and a dance make the smoke faint. The five mountains are shaken by it, and all rivers collapse.
it's a thick land, but it's too clear. There are layers of clouds, and the sudden weight is heavy. Stimulate 3, to rise, and rapidly levy to 9,. Cui Wei, whose back is Mount Tai, holds the long clouds vertically and horizontally. The left gyrus turns to the right, and the yin disappears suddenly. Through the sweat, it is corrected by Yao, and it is magnificent. Bo HarmonyOS, fan thunder. The bucket turns to the sky, the mountain shakes and the sea tilts. Anger has nothing to fight for, and the male has nothing to fight for. You can imagine its potential, and you can reach its shape.
if it is full of rainbows, your eyes will shine like the sun and the moon. Even the porch is procrastinating and squandering. Blowing air makes clouds grow in Liuhe, and sprinkling hair makes snow fly thousands of miles. If you are in the north, you will be poor in the south. Yun yihan hit with a bang, and the drums rushed and drove. Candle dragon took the light to shine on things, but he was short of whipping and started the way. See three mountains in a block and five lakes in a cup. His actions are also god's, and his actions are all the same. Let the public see it and stop fishing. If you are poor, you dare not bend your arc. It' s hard to throw a rod and miss it.
Erqi's majestic posture has overwhelmed the river. The upper body is grey, and the lower body is long. Pangu opened the sky and looked straight at it, while xi he leaned against the sun and sighed. Between the eight famines, it is half of the world. When you hide your thoughts, if you are confused, you will not be judged. Suddenly, if you turn around, the sky will be outlined and the fog will disperse.
2? Friends buried in Dongting
Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed Yueyang, and then went south, and reached one of the destinations of this trip.
However, while boating in Dongting, an unfortunate incident happened. Li Bai's traveling companion Wu Daozhi, who came from Sichuan, died of a sudden illness. Li Bai was very sad. He fell beside his friend and cried loudly, "Tears are followed by blood". Because he cried too much, passers-by cried for it. Encountered such misfortune on the journey, it was really helpless. Li Bai had to bury Wu Zhidao at the Dongting Lake for the time being, and continued to travel east by himself, determined to carry his friend's bones after his trip to the southeast.
Li Bai came to Lushan Mountain, where he wrote a well-known poem "Looking at Lushan Waterfall".
3? A trip to the south of the Yangtze River
Li Bai went to Jinling, the capital of the Six Dynasties. Here, the male is in the mountains and rivers, and the tiger lives in the dragon plate, and the six dynasties palace is vividly read. This not only aroused many feelings of Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in his time. He believes that the old capital has been in a state of decline, and there is nothing to watch, which is not as good as the current emperor's rule, and the world presents a peaceful scene.
Although Jinling's domineering spirit has disappeared, the children of Jinling received Li Bai with deep affection. When Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, Wu Ji pressed the wine, and Jinling's children sent them to each other diligently, frequently raising glasses to persuade them to drink. The feeling of farewell flowed through people's hearts like a flowing river, which made people unforgettable.
after saying goodbye to Jinling, Li Bai went to Yangzhou from the river.
Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai has never seen such a lively city, and has been hanging around with fellow travelers for some time. In the midsummer, Li Bai and some young friends, "under the horse weeping Yang, on the side of Oubei Avenue". See the green water on the horizon and the green hills on the sea. In autumn, he fell ill in Huainan (Yangzhou). Sick in a foreign country, he has a lot of thoughts. He laments that he has little hope of making achievements and misses his hometown deeply. The only thing that can bring him some comfort is the letters from friends far away.
Li Bai went to Gusu again after he recovered from his illness in Zhunnan. This is the place where Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and Xi Shi, a beautiful woman, were singing and dancing day and night. Li Bai felt nostalgic and wrote an epic poem "Wuqi Qu". This poem was later praised by He Zhizhang, calling it "can make the gods cry". From this point of view, although Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes use old topics, they are more innovative.
Of course, the historical sites in Gusu aroused Li Bai's nostalgia for the past, and the beautiful and simple Wu Ji and Yue Nv made Li Bai admire himself. In the past, under the Diluo Mountain, where Xi Shi used to huansha, Li Bai left a beautiful sketch for Yue Nv on the huansha stone with his own wonderful pen.
Li Bai returned to Jingmen from Yuexi.
He stayed in Jingmen for three months at a time. Although he was homesick, he didn't achieve anything in his career, and he felt it difficult to return to his hometown. Finally, he decided to roam again.
First, he came to Dongting Lake and buried the bones of Wu Zhidao in Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei). He got to know Monk Hangrong in Jiangxia, and learned about Meng Haoran from him, so he went to Xiangyang to visit Meng Haoran, and wrote the famous five-rhythm poem "a message to meng haoran"
. Soon after, Li Bai came to Anlu and settled down in the Taoist temple in Xiaoshou Mountain. However, seclusion here is not a long-term solution, and he still wants to find opportunities for career advancement. When he lived in seclusion in Shoushan, Li Bai made friends with officials by lobbying to improve his reputation.
Li Bai's literary talent was appreciated by Xu Yushi, the prime minister of Wu Hou, and he recruited him as his son-in-law. Li Bai and his wife, Xu Shi, lived a happy married life under the Taohua Rock in Baizhaoshan, which is near the Xu family. However, the beautiful life of husband and wife did not make Li Bai's ambition to go out and roam for success decline. Based on his wife's family in Anzhou, he traveled several times, met some officials and nobles, and in the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (AD 734), he met Han Chaozong, the long history of Jingzhou and the secretariat of Xiangzhou.
3. Once in Chang 'an
Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, he had hunted many times, and every time he took foreign envoys with him to show off his strength, so as to deter neighboring countries. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (AD 735), Xuanzong once again hunted fiercely, and it happened that Li Bai was also traveling to the west, hoping to win Xuanzong's appreciation because of his book Da Hunting Fu.
in his ode to the Great Hunting, he hoped that "the road would be magnificent, showing things around the world", while "the garden of the sacred dynasty was remote and desolate, and the situation was very different from that of the previous generation", boasting that the dynasty was far superior to the Han Dynasty, and preaching the mysterious burial of Taoism at the end, in line with Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time.
The purpose of Li Baixi's visit is to offer gifts. In addition, he also takes this opportunity to visit Chang 'an and appreciate the scenery of this "world worship" imperial capital. He lives at the foot of Mount Zhongnan, and often visits Mount Zhongnan and overlooks it. When he climbed the North Peak of Zhongnanshan, he was presented with the style of a great country. He deeply feels that it is extraordinary to live in such a country, so he is quite proud. But the thought that decadent factors have emerged in this prosperous empire has hit his lofty mood again. "
After Li Bai entered Chang 'an, he met Zhang Qing, the Wei Wei, and presented a poem to Princess Yuzhen through him. The last two sentences said, "When there are few people, the Queen Mother should meet", wishing her to become an immortal. Li Bai also stated in his poem to send Wei Wei Zhang Qing that his situation was very difficult, and he hoped to introduce him and would serve the court. As a result, he approached the upper class of the ruling class step by step.
Li Bai also met He Zhizhang in Chang 'an this time. Li Bai once went to the Purple Pole Palace, only to meet He Zhizhang there. He had already read the poems of He Lao. When he met him this time, he naturally went forward to meet him immediately and presented a poem book in his sleeve. He Zhizhang enjoyed Shu Dao Nan and Wu Qi Qu very much, so he took off the scarab on his belt and told people to go out for a drink with Li Bai. Li Bai's magnificent poems and elegant demeanour, who whistled and sprinkled dust, surprised He Zhizhang so much that he said, "Did you come down to earth with a white Venus?"
a year has passed, and Li Bai is still a guest in Chang' an, and he has no chance to take up the post. He is a little depressed. Good friends sincerely invited him to live in a secluded place in the sun of the green hills, but Li Bai had no intention of going. This time I went to Chang 'an, holding the ideal of making contributions, but I was nowhere to be found, which made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little resentful. I was extremely dissatisfied when I went to the door of the maharaja's adult. I only sighed "it is hard to go, come back" and left Chang 'an.
Fourth, the Hanlin dedicated to
Tianbao in the first year (AD 742). Due to the praise of Princess Yuzhen and He Zhizhang, Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired them, so he called Li Bai into the palace. On the day when Li Bai entered the palace to appear before the court, Xuanzong stepped down to meet him, saying, "Give food in front of the Qibao bed and spoon it yourself." Xuanzong asked about some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai had a well-thought-out answer based on his half-life study and long-term observation of society. Xuanzong was greatly appreciated, and immediately made Li Bai worship the Hanlin. His job was to draft a proclamation and accompany the emperor. Every time Xuanzong has a banquet or outing, he will order Li Bai's attendants to use his agile poetic talent to write poems on the spot. Although it is not a record of merit, it also spreads its words to future generations, boasting to future generations with pomp. Li Bai was so prized by Xuanzong that his colleagues were envious, but some people were jealous because of it.
at the beginning of tianbao, every winter, Xuanzong took the chiefs and envoys to the Wen family to hunt, and Li Bai's natural attendants went with him, writing a poem on the spot to publicize Xuanzong's virtue and praise the power of the holy dynasty, which won Xuanzong's appreciation. At this time, Xuanzong doted on Yang Yuhuan, and every time he played with her in the palace, Xuanzong asked Li Bai to write some music words and compose new songs to sing. Li Bai tried his best to write these poems with the feeling that "a strong man is grateful to the country, and a strong man is rewarded with his heart."
when he was in Chang' an, Li Bai not only worshipped the Hanlin and accompanied the king, but also often walked in Chang' an. He found that the country was in deep crisis in the scene of prosperity. That is, the imperious eunuchs and the arrogant consorts who are closest to the emperor. They hung over Chang 'an and China like dark clouds, giving Li Bai a strong sense of oppression.
At the same time, Li Bai's dissolute behavior was slandered by Zhang Tan, a bachelor of Hanlin, and some bad feelings arose between them. With the favor of eunuchs and consorts, Li Bai's enthusiasm for "helping the poor" suddenly cooled down. Although he was in Chang 'an, he didn't have the opportunity to display his skills of management and Yan.
Li Bai was deeply moved by the corruption of the state affairs and the denigration of his colleagues. He wrote a song "Hanlin studies and expresses his feelings as a scholar" to express his intention to return to the mountains. Unexpectedly, at this time, he was given money to return.