Official script evolved from the ancient seal script in China, and it is said that it was created by Cheng Miao, a native of A Qin. Lishu is divided into "Qin Lishu" and "Han Li". The structure of "Qin Li" is round, similar to seal script, commonly used in Fang Bi, also known as "Guli". The word "Han Li", also called "eight points", becomes square and straight, with a wide and flat knot and waves exposed. This font is called "Han Li" because it evolved into the Han Dynasty. Under the unified thought of ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone, the official script of the Han Dynasty gradually developed into the dominant script, and at the same time, cursive script, regular script and running script were derived, which laid the foundation for art.
Guli, from the Qin Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty, and even the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is a general period of "Guli", with inscriptions handed down from ancient times, including those of Qin Quan and Han Dynasty pottery, the engraving of Lu Lingguang Hall, the engraving of Wufeng in the following year, the engraving of Lai Zihou, the inscription of Ergongshan and the opening of the praise and oblique road. 19751February Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Hubei shocked the archaeological and calligraphy circles. Its excavation has opened the eyes of modern calligraphers and provided real information for the study of calligraphy history. Qin Li's structure has its own special characteristics of the times, including the characteristics of later official script and seal script. The ancients said: "Feng is also a successful official", which makes sense. In the sense of "fast", Qin bamboo slips are brush calligraphy. Only the use of brush and the rapid writing of seal script can really push China's calligraphy to the direction of official script.
The Han Dynasty, from 206 BC to 220 AD, was a crucial generation in the history of calligraphy development in China. The Han Dynasty was divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the 400 years of Han Dynasty, calligraphy experienced the evolution from brush seal to official seal, from official seal to Cao Zhang, Shu Zhen and running script. By the end of the Han Dynasty, Chinese characters were basically completed. Therefore, the Han Dynasty is a critical period in the history of calligraphy, from constant change to stereotypes. Lishu is a widely used script in Han Dynasty. Official script in Han Dynasty is also called "Fenshu" or "Bafen". Not only is the brushwork more and more sophisticated, but the style of the script is also diverse. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Bei Long" said: "Since the later Han Dynasty, the tablet has been carved in the clouds." Therefore, the official script of the Eastern Han Dynasty entered a stage of skillful brushwork and various schools. Among the more than 100 kinds of Han steles left behind, it presents a dazzling and brilliant style. At the same time of the maturity of official script, there was a change in the division of official script, which developed into Cao Zhang, running script and original work. The constant change and development of calligraphy laid the foundation for the smooth cursive movement and the wild cursive movement in the Jin Dynasty.
According to legend, the official script was compiled by Cheng Miao who was not in the prison of Qin Dynasty. By eliminating complexity and simplifying, the font becomes round and square, and the strokes become straight. Change Lian Bi into a broken pen, and change lines into strokes, which makes writing more convenient. Li people are not prisoners, but petty officials, that is, small officials in charge of documents, so they were called in ancient times. Han Li has the beauty of waves and strokes. The so-called wave means that the left line of the stroke is like a curved wave, and it becomes left in the later regular script; The so-called right stroke is open and looks like a swallow-tailed pen. When writing a long horizontal line, the pen begins to cut into the head like a silkworm. The pen in the middle line has a wave distance and a tail at the end. In this way, in the use of pens, the methods of square, round, hiding and revealing are readily available, and the pen gesture is flying and elegant. Structurally, there is a vertical square of Xiao Zhuan, which first becomes a square and then becomes a horizontal square. Han Li has a powerful, extensive, neat and flexible bearing. The reform of official script to seal script includes two aspects: stroke and structure. The method of official transformation has become square. Turn it into a straight curve. Correct the strokes and disconnect. Save the stroke structure and so on. Among them, it is most important to take the potential horizontally and keep the natural state of writing with a brush. Take the potential energy horizontally, send the pen left and right, and the up and down movement is limited. Finally, the eight-point brushwork of sweeping left and picking right is formed. The softness of the brush makes the strokes of Chinese characters have a thick and thin Fiona Fang. Hidden dew and other changes. And word spacing. Narrow line spacing is also a major feature of its composition.
Han Li is exquisite in silk paintings, lacquerware, portraits and uranium mirrors. In the inscription, it shows its broad momentum and unique charm. There are two main forms of existence in Hanli: stone carving and bamboo slips. Most of the official scripts in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are regular script. There are many calligraphers in the official script of the Tang Dynasty, such as Xu Hao. Song Yuanming's official script can hardly inspire Han Li's brilliance. Until the Qing dynasty. Han Li recovered. Yu Nong, Deng,, how. Don't achieve anything.
Representative: Cai Yong, Master of Eight Points, and author of Xi Shi Ping Jing. More than 200 years in the later Han Dynasty was the heyday of the "eight-part essay". The stone tablets in this period all used the font of "eight points", and the number was large. There are more than 100 kinds of rubbings handed down from ancient times, including inscriptions in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Such as Shimen Fu, Yiying, Li Qi, Kong Zhou, Huashan, Chen Shi, Xiyan Fu, Xiping Shijing, Han Ren, Yin Zhou, Cao Quan and Zhang Qian. The fonts of these tablets are long and dense, wide and flat, simple and elegant, delicate and elegant, and beautiful. However, as far as the law of "eight points" is concerned, the inscriptions of Yi Ying, Cao Quan should be more rigorous, and Xixia, Zhang Qian and Shimen Song are the representative works of seal, model and line in Jong Li. The above monuments are all loved by the world.