The emotional difference between Du Fu's "The Guest" and "The Guest":
The Guest
After passing through a secluded place for a long time, the old and sick people help and pray again. .
How can there be an article that shocks the sea, and the horses and horses are stationed in the river?
It is flooded all day long, leaving guests to sit there and enjoy a meal that has been rough and rotten for hundreds of years.
I don’t mind that there is no supply in the wild, so I took the opportunity to visit the medicine stall. This poem was written in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (760) when Du Fu lived in a thatched cottage in Chengdu. The title of the poem is "You have a guest". The "guest" in the title of the poem should refer to the "guest of your honor" who arrives with a "carriage and horse" notification in advance. It is different from the "guest of acquaintance" who does not sweep the "flower path" and comes "unhurriedly". As for the choice of words, "everyone has their own intention" (Chen Qiutian). The name of the "guest" is not specified in the poem. The whole poem shows an arrogant tone and contains a sense of ridicule. It can be seen that this guest is someone whom the poet respects, but is not close to, or even dislikes seeing. The first couplet first writes about the guest's arrival. When the thatched cottage was first built, it was located in a quiet and secluded place with few visitors. Suddenly I heard an announcement that a distinguished guest was coming, so I had to greet him politely. However, the ups and downs of "supporting the old patient" and "paying respect again" are really difficult. The poem clearly shows the displeasure of being old and sick, and having to deal with social hardships. The chin couplet expresses surprise. "Jianggan" means riverside. Judging from the above sentence, this guest must have heard about Du Fu's literary name and came here to visit him. For this reason, the poet said that when I first arrived in Chengdu, there was no "article" that "shocked the whole country". It turned out that my "carriage and horses" were in vain and I "stationed in the river" for a while. The four words "Qiyou" and "Manlao" play the role of guest-host symmetry here. How do I have a literary name? You visited in vain, using the style of prose and the antithesis of rhythmic poetry. It is arrogant and sarcastic, which can well reflect the characteristics of Du Fu's seven-rhythm poetry. The neck couplet writes about hospitality. In the previous sentence, the word "bin" was changed to "ke", not only to avoid duplication with the title of the poem, but also to maintain harmony. This sentence says: You, a "good guest", "sit down" when you enter, "yan stay" and "jing day". Although I can't serve you a meal, it's still considered a courtesy. "Hundred years" means the same life. The next sentence says: I have been eating "coarse food" all my life. As a "corrupt scholar", I did not provide good hospitality. I hope you will bear with me. Self-effacement actually implies self-injury. The last couplet expresses a special apology and invites the distinguished guests to come again. "Supply" refers to food and wine. "Medicine column" refers to the anthers, and "kan medicament column" means to look at the flowers. The poet said: If the "supply" in the "wilderness" is not too meager, I hope to "take advantage of the fun" and "see" the flowers again. This is a polite word and also means to see off guests. The sarcasm was vaguely visible.
Although the title of this poem highlights the word "guest", the writing method uses guest and host in opposition everywhere. In fact, it is the poet himself who stands out. From emphasizing that there are few visitors in "secluded residence" and welcoming "guests" is "difficult" to expressing "how can there be" a literary name, and taking a long time to visit, to if it is not too simple, I hope to come back to see flowers, although the dialogue is always guest and host. , but conveys the protagonist's simple and arrogant demeanor everywhere. "There is no article that can shock the sea" and "a hundred years of rough and rotten Confucian food". In Du Fu's writing, one is a self-effacing statement and the other is a self-injurious statement. It is also a profound portrayal of the poet's own life.
Guests are arriving
There is spring water in the south and north of the house, but I can see a flock of gulls coming every day. The flower path has never been swept by visitors, and now the gate is opened for you. Panxiang City is far from being able to taste both delicious food and wine, and only old fermented grains are available in bottle and wine shops. I am willing to drink with my neighbor and drink the rest of my cup in isolation
Notes:
1. Plate: generally refers to dishes.
2. Old fermented grains: old wine from the next year.
3. Take: particle.
Rhyme translation:
The north and south of the thatched cottage are filled with spring water,
only flocks of gulls are seen flying in groups every day.
I have never swept the flower path for guests,
This firewood gate has just been opened for you today.
It is too far away from the city and there is no good food on the plate.
The family is very poor and can only entertain them with old wine.
If you are willing to invite your neighbor to drink together,
call him across the fence to drink the rest of the cup!
Explanation
This poem, which is full of rich flavor of life, according to Huang He's "Supplement to the History of Poetry of Huang Shiji Qianjia Zhu Du Gongbu", was written in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761) In the spring, when Du Fu was fifty years old, he wrote it in a thatched cottage in Chengdu. This is a most emotional and chronicle poem, showing the poet's simple character and hospitable mood. The author's own note: "I am happy to have passed by Cui Mingfu". It can be seen that the "guest" in the title of the poem refers to Cui Mingfu. The specific circumstances are unknown. Du Fu's mother's surname is Cui. Some people believe that this guest may be a relative of his mother's surname. "Mingfu" is the honorific title given to county magistrates by the people of the Tang Dynasty. To "pass" means to visit or visit each other.
Explanation of the sentence
There is spring water in the south and north of the house, but I can see a flock of gulls coming every day.
To the north and south of the thatched cottage, spring water flows, and gulls come in flocks every day. The first couplet depicts the tranquility of the thatched cottage environment and the beauty of the scenery, highlighting the season, location and environment. The word "Jiu" describes the scene of the spring river overflowing, giving people a sense of the vastness and vastness of the river. Owls are suspicious by nature and will not get close to people if they have any intentions. In the ancient writings, they are often the companions of hermits who are uncontested and have no intentions. Therefore, "a flock of gulls comes every day" not only points out the quietness of the environment, but also writes about the poet's sincerity and forgetfulness of the world; at the same time, it also explains: relatives and friends are scattered in the clouds, social interactions are indifferent, only a flock of gulls are seen, and no other visitors are seen, leisurely Yi's life is inevitably a bit monotonous and lonely. "She" refers to his home as She, which here refers to the thatched cottage by the Huanhua River in Chengdu. "Spring Water" refers to the Huanhua River flowing through the thatched cottage.
The flower path has never been swept by visitors, and now the gate is opened for you.
The courtyard path filled with flowers and plants has not been cleaned to welcome guests; the door made of woven straw was only opened today because of your arrival. The couplet turns from the outside to the inside, from the outdoor scenery to the scene in the courtyard, leading to the "guest arrival". Using the tone of talking to the guests, it enhances the real sense of life and expresses the poet's welcome and sincerity in hospitality. His dialogue is quite ingenious. The flower path has never been swept by guests, but now it is swept by you. The gate has never been opened for guests, but now it is opened by you. The upper and lower meanings are intertwined. "Sweeping by guests" means sweeping for guests. Ancient people often swept the path to welcome guests. "Pengmen" means the door of a hut.
Panxiang City has far less flavor, and the bottle and wine shops are poor and only have old fermented grains.
Because I live in a remote place, far away from the market and with inconvenient transportation, I cannot buy more dishes and the banquet is not sumptuous. My family is poor and I haven't brewed any new wine, so I can only entertain you with old wine that is flimsy. The above fictitiously writes that guests are arriving, and the following turns to actual writing of "hospitality". The author abandons other plots and focuses on the life scenes that best show the affection between the guest and the host, and depicts them with great care. The host entertained me warmly and encouraged him to drink frequently, but because he was unable to do so and the food and wine were insufficient, he felt guilty. We seemed to hear the down-to-earth and homely words, and the words were filled with a harmonious atmosphere. "Panxi" means the dishes on the plate. "駧" originally refers to cooked food, but here it generally refers to vegetables. "Jianwei" means one kind of dish is called "wei", and two or more kinds of dishes are called "jiangwei". "Old fermented grains" refers to the old fermented wine made every year. "酅", unfiltered wine. The ancients liked to drink new wine, so the poet apologized for entertaining guests with old fermented wine.
Are you willing to drink with your neighbor? Call across the fence to drink up the rest of the cup.
Would the guest be willing to have a drink with the old man next door? If he is willing, I will call him over through the fence and drink the last few drinks together. The last couplet uses the wonderful detail of inviting neighbors to join in the fun, which is an unexpected twist of the pen. This reminds me of Tao Yuanming's "We greet each other more when we pass the door, and we have wine to drink." There is no need to invite in advance, and you can just come and have a drink at will. This is the natural joy that you can experience in honest and simple interpersonal relationships, abandoning hypocrisy and pretense.
Comment
This is a neat and smooth seven-melody song. The first two couplets describe the joy of hearing the sound of footsteps in the empty valley when guests arrive, while the last two couplets describe hospitality and the sincerity of the villagers. The beginning of the chapter is introduced by "a group of gulls", and the end of the chapter is accompanied by "a neighbor". Structurally, the author considers both spatial and chronological order. From the perspective of space, from outside to inside, from large to small; from the perspective of time, it describes the whole process of welcoming and entertaining guests. The connection is natural and integrated. But the first two sentences first describe the loneliness of daily life, thus contrasting with the joyful scene of receiving guests. These two sentences also have the meaning of "xing": the images of "spring water" and "flock of gulls" are used to render a life atmosphere full of interest and reveal the protagonist's joy at the arrival of the guests.
Liu Kezhuang's "Houcun Poetry Talk" said: "This poem is like imitating the Yuanbai style." It is impossible for Du Fu to leap through time and space to imitate the Yuanbai style of his descendants, so from what angle and meaning Speaking of which, what about "The Guest" "playing in Yuanbai style"? In short, Yuanbai style refers to a simple and accessible poetry style. Looking at the whole poem, the language is fluent. Except for "Pan Xi", "Jianwei", and "Zunjiu", there are no big obstacles in the other sentences, especially the empty characters in the last couplet ("Ken Yu") and the common sayings ( The use of "calling out" is enough to be regarded as "playing the role of Yuan Bai Ti". In addition, the poem uses the first person, the expression is simple, smooth, natural and friendly, and is very harmonious with the content, forming a cheerful and elegant mood. It is indeed different from Du Fu's other rhythmic poems, which use carefully crafted words and sentences. No wonder Liu Kezhuang said that it is a play on Yuan Bai style.
This poem starts with the outdoor scenery, pointing out the time and place of the guest's visit and the author's heart on the eve of the visit. The spring environment is very beautiful and lovely.
In this way, the author blends emotions into the scenery, expressing his lonely mood in the leisurely Jiangcun. This subtly pave the way for the welcoming mood that runs throughout the poem. The author uses the language of talking with guests, which enhances the real life experience of the conversation between the guest and the host. The previous sentence said that the courtyard paths covered with flowers and plants have not been cleaned to welcome guests. The next sentence says that the door of the house, which has always been closed, was opened for the first time today by your Cui Ming Mansion. In the midst of loneliness, the host, who has always been leisurely and calm, couldn't help but be overjoyed when a good guest arrived. These two sentences, set against each other, are deeply emotional. The previous sentence not only says that guests don't come often, but also that the host doesn't easily extend the guest's wishes. Today you are here, which shows the deep friendship between the two, which makes the fun and joy in the future come to fruition. "Panxiang market is far from delicious, and the bottle wine shop is poor and only old fermented grains" makes us seem to see the scene of the author inviting guests to dinner and frequently urging people to drink, and hear the author's words of apology for the lack of abundant food and wine: It is really inconvenient to go shopping far away from the market. The dishes are very simple, and we cannot afford expensive wine, so we have to use home-brewed old wine. Please feel free to use it. The homely words sound very friendly, and we can easily feel the host's sincere hospitality and apology for not being able to do what he wants. You can experience the deep friendship between host and guest sincerely treating each other. There is a harmonious atmosphere between the lines. The poet shouted loudly and asked his neighbor to drink with him. This detailed description is delicate and realistic, and also reflects the close and easy-going relationship between the guest and the host.