Dali Qiang Bai Hu Jun bibliophile Bai Huancai.

Bai Huancai Wen/Wang Qiang collectors There is a beautiful village called Hu Jun Village on the bank of Luohe River in the west of Dali County. Also known as the North Household Army. Hu Jun Village faces the old cliff of Luohe River in the south and the Luohe River in the north, and is located on the fertile beach of Luohe River. Above the old cliff slope is the Nanhu Army, now called Liangjiapo. In the past few years, Hu Jun Village has benefited from the Luohe River, which is a beautiful and rich northern village. According to villagers' legend, the origin of Hu Jun Village is that there were troops stationed here during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, so it was named Hu Jun. There are four surnames in Hu Jun Village: Baijia, Tianjia, Dujia and Gaojia. Families live in groups. Because of Luohe, there are ditches in the village, bridges on the ditches, and temples on the high cliffs in the east of the village. There are rows of houses in the village, which are beautifully built. There are shipailou, ancestral hall and Wenchang pavilion at the head of the village, so it has the reputation of "Little West Lake" and "Little Beijing". In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, a cultural celebrity-Bai Huancai appeared in Hu Jun Village. He was a famous collator and bibliophile at that time. Speaking of Bai Huancai, we have to start with his family. Bai Jixian's "Bai Family Tree" records that Bai's ancestral home was Hongdong, Shanxi, and later moved to Tanqiao, Huazhou, Shaanxi, and then moved to Hu Jun Village, Dali. Bai Jixian has written more than ten generations of genealogy from the Yuan Dynasty to the tenth year of Kangxi. Bai Huancai (1607- 1684), Tongzhou county annals, Chaoyi county annals, Dali county annals and so on are recorded. In the fifth year of Guangxu, the magistrate of a county rebuilt the "Continuation of Dali County". He felt that the characters described in previous records were too simple, such as Bai Huancai, Dangzhan, Li Shibin, Zhang Er, Wang Fuchang and Ma Zaitu, and their cultural activities were only a few. After careful interview and collection, Zhou County Order was supplemented in detail, and only then did we have the records we can see today. "Continuation of Dali County Records" records: Bai Huancai, whose word contains truth or chastity, was a soldier of Beihu family, a tribute student, dutiful to his elder brother, mourning for his death, learning from his younger brother, enjoying Feng Cong-wu's merits, smelling his words, rejoicing and secretly yearning, so he never made progress, studied hard and became complacent. This family has a rich collection of books. Li Zhongfu (Li Yong) came from the East, and after a white announcement, he brought books they had never seen before. The following summer, Li Dang (Zhan), Li Bing (Shi Bin) and Ma Mi (Jade) greeted Zhongfu and gave lectures together. Four people are twice as lucky as Zhongfu and forget the year. They folded the poem and asked the second one (Li Zhongfu), which was written by a scholar. He also gave a lecture with more than twenty people, including Zhang Er and Li Zixie, and exchanged views with each other. Fu Cheng, taking photos of state affairs and listening to Lu's lectures, said, "Respect morality and music." Die, the tomb of Guanzhong. Writing books is all anecdotes. During the Daoguang period, Liang Dianshan and Wang Jiongzi (1), Yi people, wrote two volumes of miscellaneous works, which were called "the only remaining collections". After reading this passage, we have a more comprehensive understanding of Bai Huan. He is a modest gentleman, filial to his elder brother, eager to learn and make progress. The situation in the late Ming Dynasty was precarious, and intellectuals were often confused about the future. Bai Huan has a younger brother named Bai, who is also a scholar. He studied under the famous scholar Feng Congwu at that time. Feng's theory is highly respected, and Bai Huancai is deeply influenced by it. From the beginning to the in-depth study, he finally decided to give up the official career of the imperial examination and embark on the road of academic research. In the Qing Dynasty, after Feng Congwu, a famous scholar named Li Qing appeared in zhouzhi county. Li Qing came to Tongzhou and lived in Bai Huancai's house. He brought new books and new ideas. Bai and Li talked deeply and studied their books. After his research, he was deeply infected, applauded and decided that this was the idea he was pursuing. A year later, he greeted his colleagues in the same state and asked Li Yong to give lectures in the same state and learn from each other. Then compile the essence of what you have learned into a book and spread it widely. From this passage, we can see the persistent pursuit of truth and knowledge by Tongzhou intellectuals headed by Bai Huancai. What kind of philosophical theory do Bai Huancai and others pursue and what kind of academic research do they engage in? Is it worthwhile to abandon your reputation, follow it all your life, study your reputation and dedicate yourself? Secondly, let's approach Guan Xue. Guan Xue is a school of Neo-Confucianism founded by Neo-Confucianism Shen Yan, Hou Ke and Zhang Zai on the occasion of celebrating the calendar in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because Zhang Zai is from Guanzhong, he is called "Mr. Hengqu", so he is called Guan Xue. "Guan Xue" took the Book of Changes as his teaching, The Doctrine of the Mean as his body, The Rite as his use, and Confucius and Mencius as his method, and put forward the cosmology and ontological philosophy based on Qi, which became an important school in the history of Confucianism. The most popular and enduring is his "Four Sentences of Hengqu": "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, carry forward the past and forge ahead into the future, and be peaceful for all generations." His theory lasted more than 800 years from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Feng Congwu and Li Erqu were thinkers and educators who made the greatest contribution to Guan Xue in Ming and Qing Dynasties. They inherited and developed the thought of "Guan Xue". Feng Congwu, an Amin, was called "Master Kansai" at that time. He is a master of Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism and Wang Lu Neo-Confucianism in Ming Dynasty, and also the leader of Lindong Party in Northwest China. After being dismissed from office, he stayed at home for 25 years, devoted himself to studying, and gave lectures at Baoqing Temple in Xi 'an Annan Gate to publicize his academic views and political opinions. There are many followers. In the thirty-seventh year of Wanli, Guanzhong Academy was founded. He wrote a poem "Jade Customs", which contains a couplet: to be a good person, to have a right heart, to be healthy, to have a stable dream and soul; Do something good, God knows everything, and ghosts and gods admire it. At that time, when Wei Zhongxian was in power, temples were built for him all over the world, except Shaanxi. It is precisely because there are a large number of intellectuals like Feng Congwu in Shaanxi who are not afraid of power and only believe in the truth. No wonder the vast number of literati fell for it and worshipped it. Bai Huancai's subordinate brother Bai is one of his followers. Cai Xi deeply agrees with Feng Congwu's philosophy and his life, and often tells it to his cousin. Bai Huancai carefully studied Feng's books, accepted Feng's theory, and thought it was the most reasonable thing in the world, which was worth studying and following all his life. When a person only knows what he wants, he is not hesitating. Since then, Bai Huancai "determined to make progress", no longer struggled for fame and career, but devoted himself to Confucian classics. In Qing Dynasty, zhouzhi county produced another "Guan Xue" master-Li Qing after Feng Congwu. Li Qingzhi Zhongfu, No.2. Because Zhouzhi ancient characters are interpreted as folk songs and water songs in Hanshu, Li Yong calls himself "Erqu" and the world calls him "Mr. Erqu". Li Erqu's father died in the war when he was a child. He lived alone with his mother, and his family was poor. He borrowed books and studied hard. He has read classics and hundreds of books, and even books explaining Taoism are read with relish. He draws on the strengths of Zhu, Lu and others. After mastering it, he put forward his own philosophical proposition: "Ming Dow deliberately thought of the body and let the world serve him." The "things" of "learning from time to time" are extended to practical knowledge such as etiquette, music, military punishment, serving farmers, and "Taixi Water Law". His thoughts emphasize implementation, not empty talk, and don't waste words because of people. Emphasize that truth comes not only from saints but also from mortals. As long as you are willing to study hard, you can achieve it. At that time, he, together with Sun Qifeng and Huang Zongxi, were called "the three great Confucians" and gave lectures in Jiangnan many times. Great fame alarmed the court. The imperial court cherished talents and called them up several times with learned words, but Li Yong refused. The emperor was furious and called them up again. Li was exempted from hunger strike. Bai Huancai was equal to the state scholars, such as Dangzhan, Li Shibin, Zhang Er and Maqitu, and became a loyal companion and friend of Li Yong after Feng Congwu. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1667), Li Yong came to stay in Baijia Village, Hu Jun Village, Tongzhou, and talked with Bai Huancai. In fact, Bai Huancai was sixty this year, while Li Qing was forty. Bai Huancai and several of them are nearly twice as old as Li Biao, but they admire Li Biao's theory, willingly worship young people as teachers, and learn modestly, so they became friends with Li Biao. In the third year, they welcomed Li Yong to Tongzhou, gave lectures in Guangchengguan, and widely spread Li Yong's thoughts and theories. After that, more than twenty of them gave lectures to learn from each other, discuss and learn from each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, deeply study Mr. Er Qu's New Guan Xue Thought, and push it to a new height with their own research. At the same time, the essence of learning will be incorporated into books and periodicals. In order to spread it widely and expand its influence. Besides Bai Huancai, The Continuation of Dali County also recorded the life stories and academic activities of Dangzhan, Ma Qitu, Zhang Er and Li Shibin. This shows that at that time, the philosophy and personality charm of Guan Xue, Feng Congwu and Li Erqu had a far-reaching impact in the same state. In fact, after the Qing court entered the customs, a large number of intellectuals headed by Mr. Li Yong of Erqu appeared in Guanzhong area. They did not collude with the Qing court, became honest officials, and did not eat the wealth of the Qing dynasty, showing the national integrity of "poverty can't move, wealth can't be immoral, and power can't be bent". There are a large number of such people in Tongzhou, headed by Mr. Wang Jianchang of Ye Wei, who wrote a poem saying, "Can the breeze blow me?" The bright moon shines on people "Since you are poor, you will study academics, teach and educate people, and write books. Bai Huancai is also such a person. " "Bai Family Tree" records: "Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, there has been a time when people from the Dragon were full of joy and eager to satisfy the situation. Zu closed the door and refused to be rewarded. Therefore, despite the wealth and sudden interest, Guanzhong Churu Group is based on canon, so it has the name "Mr. Bo Ru". From thoughtful gathering, Mr. Li Erqu interacted with his ancestors, gave lectures, gave evidence, and studied quietly. The ancestors built a special bookstore to live in. Therefore, at the same time, excellent people should get together from time to time and achieve something. The record of Bai and Li Erqu's establishment of a research society in Bai's Genealogy is almost the same as that in Dali County, and the record of learning from each other is almost the same. The genealogy also records Mr. Bai's behavior in more detail. He practiced behind closed doors, refused to be honored, and did not seek the spirit of Wen Da, which coincided with Li Erqu. Therefore, they shared the same interests and became comrades-in-arms. It is also mentioned in the genealogy that Bai Jia built a house for Mr. Erqu to live in, which became the place where the scribes from the same state came to study and study. Therefore, the academic circles in the same state made great achievements at one time. It is mentioned in the network: "(Bai Huancai) sits alone in a room all day, never explains books, and learns Chinese and Western, especially hatred. Hao Bin of Tongzhi, Shaanxi Province, sighed after listening to his statement: "It's a Guanzhong document." Rich books, a party. He wrote "Learn the Essence" and compiled Li Yong's "Two Songs". "For a local celebrity three or four hundred years ago, due to historical reasons and wars, we can only know him from the remaining historical records. Get close to him. Although all kinds of records are relatively brief, we can still read that a man named Geng Jie is tireless and indifferent to fame and fortune. Another record in The Continuation of Dali County is about his brother Bai. The book said: "I wrote a volume of Huayin Collection for nothing and kept it. Li Zhongfu wrote: I heard that there are hermits in the same state, including Bai Weng, who have never tried to embrace talents and hide their virtues, but suddenly look at things and don't care about the world. Sex loves flowers, and no one can come out. All day, flowers are unique. Gai County is hidden in flowers, Liu Bolun is hidden in wine, and Tao Jingjie is hidden in chrysanthemums, praising its high wind and many questions. Weng Dibo is a scholar and has written a series of articles, which will be awarded as catalpa. However, due to failure, Weng ji zi gave a performance of 6 pi, then anchored as a scholar and donated money to make it. Park is full of ambition. There are many people in this filial piety. Let's say a few more words to bring it to an end. "In this article, Bai wrote a book, and Li Erqu wrote the above words for this book. At first, Mr. Li highly praised Bai Youcai for not being an official, but hiding in flowers, which was appreciated by many people. Park Gao helped him edit a book and prepared it for printing, but failed. Later, his youngest son Pi Zhen wanted to help him publish again, so he donated money and finally got a book. At the end of the article, the author spoke highly of Bai Huancai's filial piety. He just made an introduction. " "Continuation of Dali County" says: "Bai Jixian, with a genuine word, was born in Beihu, and was only the second son. After his death, he was still young and lost his life. After that, he wrote a volume "Yong Lu Si", which was prefaced by Li Zhongfu. "This shows the general situation and family style of the village White House, and the book collectors and organizers, from white to white, to Bai Huancai, to Bai Jixian, how deep their friendship with Feng Congwu and Li Erqu is. At this point, a scholarly family that pursues truth and is indifferent to fame and fortune clearly appears in our field of vision. It is in response to the good wishes of "Tianpa Huancai". According to "Bai Family Tree", after the rebellion, there was no way to find it, only two volumes were left, which were handed down to the world. In other words, most of the books at home were lost after the Han War in 1862. Fortunately, the only remaining collections and genealogy are still there. Now more than a hundred years have passed, and the only collections are anecdotes, and there are only a few pages left in the Bai family tree. During the period of the Republic of China, after several wars in Hu Jun village, Bai Huancai's village head tomb still exists, and the tombstone still exists. It reads: Sulupo looks like a tomb with the word Baixiong, and the inscription reads: The villagers remember that Baixiong cemetery is located at the south cliff of the village, and it is called "the tomb of Tuo". There are stone carvings in the cemetery. The White House has declined, but the village style of farming and reading has far-reaching influence, and the Confucian national style has already penetrated into the blood of the villagers. They still regard reading as the first priority in life and pursue it tirelessly. In the 1940s, there were two college students in Hu Jun Village. One is Bai Ziyou, who studied in Yaoshan Middle School and graduated from Nanjing Jinling Institute of Political Science. 1949 went to Taiwan Province Province, and later served as an official of the Ministry of Education of Taiwan Province Province. One is Bai Zhixin, who studied in Xianlin Middle School and graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Xi Normal University. 1949 * * * On the eve of going to Taiwan Province, Bai Ziyou wrote home asking for the travel expenses, and he wanted to go home. My father borrowed it from Bai Mingzhai, the branch secretary of our village. Bai Mingzhai was then the president of Dali County Chamber of Commerce. He agreed generously. Then send it. However, the war was tight, and Bai Ziyou may have gone to Taiwan Province Province without receiving the travelling expenses. After graduating from Bai Zhixin Teachers College, he was sent to work in the Shanghai * * * Observation Mission, and was accepted by Yu Youren in Nanjing. Yu Lao wrote him a letter and took a group photo as a souvenir. But you never know. After many twists and turns, he returned to his hometown, taught in Dali, Qiangbai and Yaoshan successively, and later became a farmer. Today, Hu Jun Village has moved to the high slope in the south of the village. The new village is clean and tidy, surrounded by new houses, trees and flowers, agriculture is prosperous, and culture and education are in the forefront. Become a beautiful and civilized village. Note: ① catalpa, an old printing template. This refers to printing. (2) Guidelines, read gui.nie, an old tool for measuring shadow time, as a metaphor for norms or laws. 3 gentlemen, gentlemen. People who don't take revenge in the imperial court are called "scholars" and are honored as "gentlemen". ⑤ Liu Bolun refers to Liu Ling, a writer and poet in Wei and Jin Dynasties. One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. Liu Ling is a good wine. Tao Jingjie refers to Tao Yuanming, a famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. 6. ji zi, the youngest person on the brothers list. There is a mistake here. Pizhen is Bai Jixian, the second son of Bai Huancai. Not for nothing. Yes, my youngest son. Wang loves literature, painting, music, music history and calligraphy all his life. Years of writing, dancing and writing, struggling forward, a string of footprints. I think, a passer-by between heaven and earth is like dirt to the land and spray to the river, leaving a little scratch, that's all. The song says: I was born by the Weihe River, and I live in a garden in the sand. I have nothing to do in this life, but I have written about my hometown in Guangxi.