Xianyushu (1257-1302), whose real name is Ji Bo, is a sleepy scholar, an old man with a straight case, a hermit in the tiger forest, and has no early calligraphy master. Yuyang, Hebei (now Jixian, Tianjin), lives in Hangzhou. With Zhao Meng, it is also called "Southern Zhao and Northern Xian". Second, Zhu Yunming
Zhu Yunming (1460- 1526), whose real name is Xizhe, is called "Zhu Zhishan". Because his right hand has six fingers, he is also called "Zhi Zhi Sheng". Changzhou (now Suzhou) was a judge of Yingtianfu in Nanjing, also known as "Zhu Jingzhao". His poetry and calligraphy are both excellent, and he is called "four outstanding people in Wuzhong" with Tang Yin and Wen Huiming. Calligraphy is very accomplished, and everyone has both abilities. He is famous in the art world, and is also called "three outstanding men" with Wen Huiming and Wang Chong. Chen Daofu is a rising star, also known as "Wuzhong No.4 School". His calligraphy has absorbed the strengths of Jin and Tang philosophers and has its own characteristics. The main achievements are Weeds and Regular Script. Weeds come from Huai Su and Zhang Xu, which are closer to the Yellow Valley. Lifting strokes are used alternately, and the distance between lines is very tight, forming a visual effect of Wang Yang sea. What is even more rare is that regular script is quite rigorous and has the quaint atmosphere of Jin and Tang people. This contrasting comprehensive quality is very similar to that of Zhang Xu in the Tang Dynasty.
Representative works include: model regular script, cursive self-written poems, 20 drinking poems by Tao Yuanming, red wall poems and eight cursive poems by Du Fu.
Third, Wen Zhiming.
(1470- 1559), whose real name is Bi (also Jade), was later renamed Zheng Zhong, Hengshan, posthumous title, and claimed to be a lay Hengshan. A native of Changzhou (now Suzhou), he became a junior official in imperial academy at the age of 54. In his early years, he was not allowed to take the provincial examination because of his poor handwriting, so he became angry from embarrassment and worked hard to be strong, and finally became an all-rounder in poetry, literature, painting and books.
In painting, Wen Huiming and his disciples became "Wu Menzong" and were called "Ming Sijia" with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Chou Ying. Calligraphy was excellent in all aspects, especially running script and regular script, which was famous at home and abroad at that time, and because he died at an advanced age (nearly 90 years old), there were many students, which had a great influence on future generations; His sons Wen Peng and Wen Jia also made great achievements in calligraphy. Among them, Wen Peng was a great master in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The small letters of Wang Xianzhi, Yu Shinan and Wen Huiming are particularly fine and neat, mainly from Zhongxian, Wang Xizhi and Ou Yangxun. After the age of 80 in his later years, the lower case letters are strict in statutes, elegant in brushwork, dignified in posture, handsome in style and fluent in brushwork. Xiao nian's Chinese kung fu is particularly good. Calligrapher Huairen collects Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Records of the Holy Religion, and his pen is vigorous and fluent. In his later years, Huang Tingjian learned Chinese characters and his style became elegant. There are a lot of ink handed down from generation to generation, including small letters (the fu on the red wall before and after, and the classics of the master are more open). The running script includes the early Mianshang Collection, the middle Five Poems and the late Xiyuan Poems. )
Fourth, Dong Qichang.
Dong Qichang (1555— 1636), whose real name is Xuanzai, was born in Sibai, Xiangshan Jushi and Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai). This is also an all-round figure, proficient in poetry and calligraphy. In painting, he advocated "the theory of northern and southern sects", which has been an endless topic for centuries. His calligraphy is widely studied by the ancients, and he began to study it in the Tang Dynasty. Later, he thought that Tang calligraphy was inferior to Wei and Jin dynasties, so he changed it to Zhong You and Wang Xizhi. Finally, he combined the calligraphy styles of Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan, and became a school of his own: mellow, elegant and simple.
The pen is loose and the ink is light. In terms of composition, the layout between words is sparse and balanced. On the whole, there is a sense of flying, pursuing "morale" and "literary popularity". If it shows that other masters pay attention to expressing personal feelings at the end, then he is trying to pursue the ancient method. He is very conceited. He looked down on his predecessors, such as Wen Weiming and Zhu Yunming, and compared himself with Zhao Meng, saying that he usually wrote casually. If he writes carefully, Zhao Meng's handwriting should also be lost to him. He also said that Zhao Meng's calligraphy was tacky because of his skillful writing, and his calligraphy was beautiful because it was a little "raw". Indeed, his calligraphy realm is higher.
Dong Qichang was diligent in painting and calligraphy all his life and enjoyed a long life, so many works have been handed down, including the early fine-print Yuefu and the later life of the Three Realms. Running scripts include Li Bai's Poems about the Bright Moon and Poems about the Red Wall.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Wei Xu
Xu Wei (1521-1593), formerly known as Tianchi, or Tianchi Mountain, a cool-wind layman, or a native of Tian Yue and Yin Shan, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing). From an early age, he was brilliant and gifted, and he was used to the cold world. Poetry, painting and calligraphy will do, and I know the art of war. Self-proclaimed "book first, poetry second, writing third, painting fourth".
His cursive script is purely a catharsis of personal inner feelings: stippling is messy and careless, like a sudden snowstorm and a distant mountain wrapped in smoke. His brushwork is not complicated, but the overall momentum is compelling, and all his talents, joys and sorrows are restrained in the creeping brushwork. Representative works include Song of the Sky, Ode to the Magnetic Axis, Poems with Paintings, etc.