But paper-cutting is not because of mounting technology, so it is difficult for us to see the works of our ancestors today. Today, with the development of society and the unremitting efforts of old and new paper-cut artists, paper-cut art has created a newer, better and more beautiful paper-cut art with the characteristics of the times. In these good works of art, the hard work and sweat of many paper-cutting artists and paper-cutting enthusiasts have been incorporated.
What a pity it would be if these works were not preserved for a long time. I am a mounter. As a member of the Chinese nation, a sense of responsibility urges me to explore and explore hard. After two years of hard work, we finally overcame a big problem of paper-cut mounting and formed the "traditional paper-cut mounting method". This method solves the following problems:
1. Solve a big problem of long-term preservation of paper-cutting, and make paper-cutting art have the same preservation life as China's calligraphy and Chinese painting-decades, hundreds or even thousands of years.
2. The paper-cut painting heart supported by this method can be rolled up at will, and can be assembled into a frame and a shaft after being unfolded, which has no influence, solves the problem of convenient carrying and can be reinstalled.
3. Because this method can be used to frame and axis, it is of great benefit to improve the beauty, value and grade of paper-cutting. It can be hung indoors, in halls and other places, and can be moved at will. Gifts used as gifts can also be called top grades.
4. With this mounting method, you can not be limited by borders, and you can make hand-cut paper-cut scale. Even complex paper-cut works with thin lines can be mounted.
5. There is no restriction on the types of paper, and any paper can be loaded to solve the problem of paper fading.
6. It is of great benefit to the prosperity of paper-cutting art, the promotion of paper-cutting art abroad and the promotion of traditional folk art in China.
Paper-cut mounting is developed on the basis of painting and calligraphy mounting. It needs to do more than a dozen processes, such as pasting, supporting the core, supporting the wire, supporting the colored paper, square the core, blanking, covering the back, and installing the heaven and earth poles.
First of all, introduce the tools needed for mounting paper-cutting and their functions:
1. Desk: Select 1.2m * 2.4m high-quality high-density board and paint it. But the color of paint should avoid white and paper-cut colors, and the plate should be flat and crack-free. The height of the working box is 0.8m * 0.9m.
2. Sticker board: used for painting. The traditional method is to paste kraft paper. But for convenience, you can use high-quality blockboard 1.2 m *2.4 m, and both sides can be leveled with clips.
3.4 ~ 5 small pots for filling paste and washing powder.
4. Filter bag: fine cloth with good water permeability. If the workload is small, you can use pure white stockings instead of filter paste.
5. Cushion: Use leftover plywood scraps or flat boards cut in different frames to cut paper and put them under the paper to protect the working board. Or use thick glass, but the glass is easy to break, which is dangerous and wastes the blade.
6. Steel ruler, 2m, 1 .5m,1m each, and a set of triangular plates.
7. Fix the cutting ruler with two iron clips or two pressing irons.
8. Others: watering can, brown brush, pulp brush, paper cutter, needle cone, magnifying glass, wool brush, steel tape measure, tweezers, hacksaw, pliers, small hammer, wooden file, drawing fork, bamboo screwdriver, stone (cobblestone of great river) and paraffin wax.
Specific operation
1. Paste making: The paste needed for paper-cut mounting is the same as the paste needed for painting and calligraphy mounting, and it is also necessary to use paste to make the mounted works not lose tiles, insects and delaminate for a long time, so it is necessary to use self-made paste (synthetic paste, glue, cellulose, chemical adhesive, etc.). ) cannot meet the above conditions and cannot be used. )
1. Gluten removal: Select a proper amount of wheat flour, put it in a basin, and stir it with cold water in the same way as wrapping jiaozi and making noodles. After mixing, you need to wake up for a while. After half an hour, pour water into the basin and knead the noodles repeatedly. When the starch in the flour is washed out and the starch in the water becomes thicker and thicker, pour it into another clean basin. After that, continue to add water to the basin and knead it repeatedly until there is no starch in the clear water, and the washed gluten is not needed. Put an appropriate amount of alum water into the washed starch water for precipitation. The next day, slowly pour out the water on the starch deposited in the basin, and the rest is the starch we need.
2. Paste making: add a small amount of alum water, pepper water (moth-proof) and clear water to the washed starch, then fully stir the starch, put the clear water into a clean pot to boil, pour the dissolved starch into the pot, stir repeatedly with a wooden spoon, and turn off the heat to prevent burning. When the starch in the pot becomes mushy and transparent, stop the fire, cover the pot, and let it cool to a paste. The remaining starch in the basin should continue to be injected with clear water for standby, and the water should be changed every day to prevent deterioration (the starch soaking time is more than three or five days in summer and more than ten days in winter).
2. Paste mixing: Before paper-cut mounting, paste mixing should be carried out according to the different concentrations of paste required for brocade support, painting heart and mounting back. If the paste is too thick, the tiles of the installation parts will be deformed; if the paste is too thin, the installation parts will peel and crack.
Paste for mounting can be divided into thick paste, sub-thick paste, semi-liquid paste and thin paste. Thick paste refers to unadjusted paste. The second thick paste is inlaid by adding a little water into the thick paste. According to 1 serving paste, 2 ~ 3 times of water is added to prepare semi-liquid paste for mounting brocade. Thin paste is made of 1 serving paste and 3 ~ 4 times of water, which is used to support colored paper, painting center and backing.
The specific operation is as follows:
1. Put the soaked paste block into a basin, add warm water, grab the paste block by hand, then filter it with a filter bag (or stockings) and squeeze it into another basin, which can be repeated several times. Add water or paste according to the needs of mounting, so that the paste water reaches the concentration you need. (to be continued).
2. Ling
Paper-cutting and painting axis mounting, first of all, we should hold the brocade (because the brocade is not easy to break and can't be mastered well, which will lay the foundation for mounting in the future). The specific method is as follows:
1) Section Jinling: Cut Jinling into 2m-long sections. Before cutting, cut a small mouth at the cutting mouth, then draw a silk horizontally, and cut according to the seam of the drawn silk.
2) Selection of matching paper: The commonly used special cover paper for matching brocade, with specifications of 1 m *2 m and 0.69 m * 1.38 m, is easy for beginners to use and easy to operate, but it will waste some. If you use Xiao Zhang's supporting paper, you should cut the seams of the paper straight. Select 3 sheets to be used horizontally, check whether there are impurities and loopholes on the surface of the supporting paper, remove impurities, fill loopholes, and roll them into small rolls with the front facing outwards for later use.
3) Embracing brocade: place the brocade face down on the chopping board and smooth it by hand, paying attention to that its four edges are parallel to the four edges of the chopping board. Then spray a small amount of water with a watering can so that the four sides of the brocade are parallel to the four sides of the chopping board. Be careful not to bend the horizontal and vertical lines of the brocade. The above method can be repeated until the brocade is completely straight.
4) Paste brushing: brush the paste horizontally from the middle of the brocade with a wide wool row brush to fix the brocade, and then brush it in the direction of "meter" respectively until the paste is smooth. The consistency of the paste is not stagnant. When the brush is complete, squeeze out the paste on the brush row, leave a little, flatten the bristles on the chopping board, smooth the paste with a brush, and scrape off the excess paste in a straight direction.
5) Paper holder: align one side of the rolled paper holder with the brocade, lay it flat on the brocade, brush it with a brown brush in turn, and spread the paper holder at the same time. Be careful not to touch the brocade on the unwrapped paper roll, so as to avoid the paper holder being stretched and deformed by the paste, which will affect the flatness. After the first paper is brushed flat, the gap between the second paper and the first paper is covered with paste under the pretext of 0.2 cm. Spread the old newspaper on the brocade with a brown brush to absorb excess water and make the paper and brocade stick together firmly.
6) Support: Brush around the brocade with paste, put a piece of lifting paper on one side, lift it and stick it on the patch, arrange the edges around it, then blow air along the opening to separate the brocade from the patch, fan it with a brown brush, and check whether the four edges are firmly attached, and bulge it in the middle. It will take five to six days to put it on the board before it can be taken off for use.
Paper-cut, heart-shaped
Paper-cut mounting should first need the paper used for paper-cut. There are two problems in paper-cutting with ordinary colored paper: first, because the color of ordinary colored paper is brushed after, it is easy to fade, and the color will run away when mounting, which will affect the mounting effect; Secondly, because ordinary colored paper is mechanical foreign paper, its storage life is short, and it will become brittle for decades and lose its artistic value.
Paper-cut mounting should choose hand-made color propaganda, which does not fade. The color of this kind of color propaganda permeates into the paper, and it can only run away the floating color for a long time, but it can retain its true color. So this paper-cut work can be preserved for a long time.
Before mounting, smooth the paper-cut works. If there are wrinkles, iron them for later use.
Choose a raw rice paper that is bigger than paper cutting. If you need to mount with a colored background, you can choose colored rice paper. Spread the paper on the work board, spray a little water with a watering can, and brush the thin paste evenly on the paper along the rice direction. After brushing, polish the paper with a pulp brush. In another place on the chopping board, paper-cut works (beginners should choose small works, and paper-cut lines with thicker lines are better. ) Face the chopping board, carefully check whether there are any folds, cuts, defects and impurities with a magnifying glass, and correct them. Then spray a little water with a watering can to flatten the paper-cut. It can be sprayed repeatedly until the paper-cut is completely flush with the chopping board. At this time, brush raw rice paper to paste off some water. Lift it up and cover it on the paper-cut, brush it with a brown brush to make it completely fit with the paper-cut, then cover it with a newspaper and brush it with a brown brush to absorb its moisture. After absorbing water, brush one centimeter of paste on the four sides of rice paper, put the paper at the opening, stick it on the board, blow some air from the opening to prevent the board from sticking down, stay on the board for more than five days, and dry. Take it off with a screwdriver and wait for the next job.
4. Square painting and blanking
When the painting heart is completely dry, it will be taken off. If the painting center is not completely dried too early, it will shrink and deform after being placed on the board, which will affect the mosaic and cover, and will also cause the painting axis to deform. The way to draw the heart is to put a bamboo screwdriver into the gap between the painting and the drawing board, and be careful not to hurt the heart. Cut along one side from the inside out, and then cut from the adjacent side. After cutting both sides, peel back from the cut diagonal by hand and peel off the other two sides. Be sure to peel it gently with your hands, so as not to damage the painting.
Square painting center: the center of the painting is upward, so choose the side that makes the picture square, align it with a ruler, cut off one side, then fold both sides along the straight side and punch holes with a needle. After stretching, align the two cutting edges with a ruler, cut off the other edge, then align the two cutting edges, punch holes in the two uncut edges respectively, and then cut off the other two edges respectively, so as to draw the center.
Cut brocade
First of all, we must determine the direction of the brocade pattern, so that the pattern of the whole painting faces one direction. When cutting, mark the back of the fabric separately, and the width of the tapestry on both sides of the cutting should be 4-6 cm. Habit is to draw small sides. We should also pay attention to the color of brocade, and take the collocation of black, white and gray as the principle, that is, the contrast of paper-cutting, lining paper and side twill should reach black, white and gray. The specific dimensions of the side bar are: the width of the frame axis minus the width of the painting center divided by 2, and the height is the height of the painting center plus 15mm. The width of the ceiling (the upper part of the painting axis) and the floor (the lower part of the painting axis) is the width of the axis to be installed, and the height is the height of the whole painting minus the height of the painting center, with the sky taking 60% and the ground taking 40%. The so-called small land.
Cutting rod
Cut the colored paper (the method of supporting color propaganda is the same as that of mounting the heart, and a four-foot raw rice paper is supported behind the four-foot colored paper, and the color of the selected paper should match the mounted work) into a width of 0.8 cm, which is long enough for the circumference of the heart. The function of the distance bar is to beautify the painting, and a painting with a suitable color distance bar is very useful for reminding and highlighting the painting. Moreover, over the years, the broken brocade needs to be uncovered, and it can be cut and uncovered from a distance to protect the painting heart.
Biography of Cai Tiandi
Tiandi Chord Paper is a paper covering the poles of the heavens and the earth. Its width is the same as that of the painting axis, and its height is 5cm for Tianxian Chord and 12cm for Earth Chord. Cut it off with a clip.
Fu Xuan lining paper
According to the size of the painting axis, add 5 cm to each side of the back paper and cut it with rice paper.
Other accessories;
Cut 2 pieces of 3 cm square from brocade scraps to make the mast head.
The ends of the poles (paper poles) are cut into two pieces with a width of 4 cm and a length of 12 cm with tapestry scraps.
Signature paper; Choose a piece of antique raw rice paper, cut it into 2 cm wide and draw the axis 1/2 wide. The function of paper is that after the painting axis is mounted, the exposed part of the painting axis is just the position of the label, which is used to sign the content and author of the painting axis.
Corner cutting ring; The horn ring is cut into 4 pieces from the tapestry scraps, with a width of 2 cm and a length of 15 cm, and one end can be cut into an oblique angle or a cloud head shape.