How were calligraphy, paintings and figures printed in ancient times?

First of all, white characters on a black background may be printed from a tablet computer. In ancient times, many early calligraphy works were written on stone tablets and engraved on stone tablets and handed down. As long as the inscription exists, later generations can use rice paper to extend rubbings with white characters on black background or white characters on red background from the inscription. However, the works of some modern calligraphers are also carved on stones first, then printed and then mounted; Another is that some people deliberately write on stones and print them out in order to pursue the effect of an ancient calligraphy style. Second, white characters on a black background may be special effects. In order to be different, some people deliberately write with alum soapy water, and then paint it with ink on a black background. The above calligraphy works, whether rubbings or special effects, are of certain collection value as long as the calligrapher himself has a fairly high calligraphy foundation and shows superb writing skills and rules in this work. Of course, if it is an ancient tablet rubbings, in addition to the collection value, there may be some historical and cultural value!