In Tang poetry, there are many schools according to the content and style of poetry, such as frontier poets, landscape poets, pastoral poets, etc. The four scholars in Wu Zhong refer to four poets in the same region and period. They are all from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In ancient times, this area belonged to Yongxing (now Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province) in Henan, Henan and Yongji. Zhang Xu, a native of Suzhou Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu); Zhang, a native of Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu); Bao Rong was born in Yanling, Runzhou (now Danyang City, Jiangsu Province). Therefore, the four were called "Four Scholars of Wu Zhong" by later generations. Their poems are fresh, beautiful and unique. Except Bao Rong, all famous poems are handed down from generation to generation.
Zhang Xu, a famous calligrapher and poet in Tang Dynasty, was born in Wu, Suzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). He was the commander of Changshu at first, and then the long history of Jin Wu. He is famous for Zhang Changshi. He befriended Li Bai and was good at calligraphy, especially cursive script. He likes drinking. Whenever he is drunk, he shouts loudly, runs wildly, and then writes. Sometimes writing with hair dipped in ink is called "Zhang Dian".
Zhang (about 660- 720), a native of Yangzhou (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), was a former Yanzhou soldier. During Cao's reign, Shenlong and others were all famous Wuyue people, known as Kyoto in history. In the early years of Kaiyuan in Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was as famous as He, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong, and was known as the "Four Scholars of Wuzhong". Zhang is famous for his kind words in Chang 'an. There are only two complete Tang poems. One is "Answering a Boudoir Dream", which is a mediocre achievement. The moonlight on the spring river is unique and has always been praised by people.
Bao Rong: Born in Yanling, Runzhou (now Danyang, Jiangsu), he became "friends of literary works" with Yu Xiulie, He Chao and Wan Qirong. In the early years of Kaiyuan, he was as famous as He, Zhang Xu and Zhang, and was also called the "Four Scholars of Wuzhong". Zhang Jiuling was cited as Sima Huaizhou and moved to Jixian County, where he was a bachelor of Dali. Zi Baohe, Bow Wow.
He (659 ~ 744), whose real name is Ji Zhen, whose real name is Wei Mo, whose real name is Shi Chuang, was named Siming Fanhua in his later years, also known as Si Wai Jian. Ranked eighth, known as "He Ba". Huiji Yongxing (now Xiaoshan, Zhejiang) was born. Zheng Shengyuan was a scholar in 695. Received Dr. Guo Zisi and transferred to Shao Qingtai Chang and Jixian College to study for a bachelor's degree. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), he was the assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, and the palace minister was in charge. So it is called "He Mijian" or "He Jian" for short. In the third year of Tianbao (744), he resigned and returned to his hometown to become a Taoist priest, building a seclusion for later generations. He died at the age of 86.
He was famous for his poems when he was young, and became famous in Beijing during the Dragon Boat Festival (705-707). In the early years of Kaiyuan, Bao Rong, Zhang Xu and Zhang, who were famous for their poems, were collectively called "Four Scholars in Wuzhong", also known as "Four Friends in Wuzhong" and "Four Masters in Wuzhong". He is a rich, generous and open-minded person, and a generation who can learn from romantic life. I especially like to improvise poetry while drinking until I run out of paper. The Interruption of the Sea by Zeng, Zhang Xu and Cui Zongsi, together with Song and Meng Haoran, are called "Ten Immortals". He and Zhang Xu are congenial, close contacts and in-laws, so people often call them "He Zhang". The two often travel together. "Every family has a good wall and a good barrier. Suddenly, I forgot the opportunity for development, and I put pen to paper for several lines, flying like a bug. Although Zhang (Zhi) and Suo (Jing) are not as good as ancient times. Good-hearted people provide them with a letter to pass on the treasure. " (Shi Su's "Jia Tai Hui Zhi")
Why his cursive script is famous. In Shu Shu Fu, he praised his cursive script as "excellent in writing" and "contending with nature, and arriving without manpower", while Lu Zongxu's book review thought that "the vertical pen flies endlessly" and Li Bai compared it to Wang Xizhi in the poem "Seeing the guests off to Vietnam", saying that "the mirror lake overflows with clear waves, and the fanatics return to the boat." Yin Shan Taoist: If we meet, we should write "Huang Ting" for the white goose. "Lu Xiang's poem" Send greetings to the prison, return to the meeting "says:" Qingmen resists thanking guests, and remonstrates against Wang Xianzhi. Chang' an plain book is biased, and the work is often cherished. "It's called Wang Xianzhi. At that time, people also called its cursive script, meteorite stone in our province, crane painted by Xue Ji and phoenix painted by Lang Yu as "four wonders" in our province. However, He's calligraphy is rare in the world. The only cursive script that can be seen now is the Book of Filial Piety, which is full of strokes, intense stippling, alternating shades, and virtual reality. The knot leans left and right, drifting with the tide; The composition is like flowing water, which fully embodies his romantic feelings. He's cursive script opened the prelude to the romantic atmosphere of cursive script in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In addition, he is also good at regular script, and the palace is handed down from generation to generation!
The four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty refer to,, Yang Jiong and Lu.
They were all talented poets and poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. The four talented poets became famous early and gained the reputation of "four outstanding poets" in their youth.
In the history of Tang poetry, they are pioneers who dare to reform the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties. Tang Taizong likes palace poems, and his poems are mostly romantic, with obvious traces of Qi Liang's palace poems. Shangshuling Shangguan Yi also inherited the legacy of Sui Chen, and his works were all the rage, and scholars rushed to follow suit, which was called "Shangguan Style" in the world.
When Qi Liang's formalistic poetic style was still dominant in the poetic world, the "Four Masters" stepped forward. Wang Bo first stood up against this unhealthy trend in the early Tang Dynasty, and then the other three also stood up in response and joined in the creative activities against "Shangguan Style".
They tried to break through the cage of the legacy of Qi and Liang Dynasties and "official style", moved poetry from a narrow palace to a broad market, from a narrow pavilion to a vast country and frontier fortress, opened up the theme of poetry, enriched the content of poetry and gave it a sigh. Lu luna? Γ? A pen? A pen? Is it guanidine chains? Guadishun? Line? ⑹? Free? Poverty? Taekwondo? What about the wooden cable supplier? Gu? Is the double filter in the tomb rough? What does aluminum reef mean?
First of all, it is manifested in the theme and content of the works, including poems describing history and things, as well as landscape poems, such as Wang Bo's Wang Tengge. Or express the feelings of parting, such as Wang Bo's "Send Du Shaofu Shu Biography", which is a famous article that has been told through the ages; And Luo's "Yu Yishui gives away". Some people praise recruiting people to be stationed in remote areas, some describe recruiting husbands and thinking about women, and some express sympathy for unfortunate women. All four people are talented and have low status, which makes them closer to social reality, so poetry is often used to expose some social phenomena.
Four outstanding poets changed the bad poetic style left by Qi Liang with their own creative practice and achieved certain results.
Secondly, the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty laid the foundation for the five-character poem and made it mature. The Five-character Law appeared before the "Four Masters", and Wang Ji, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty (Wang Bo is Wang Ji's nephew), also made efforts, but his works were few. It was not until the "four great masters" that the five laws were fully developed and gradually fixed in their works. The "Four Masters" created a large number of high-quality poems, which laid a good foundation for Shen Quanqi and the later metrical poems in Song Dynasty.
Five-character ancient poems flourished after the Three Kingdoms period, while seven-character ancient poems did not prosper until the Tang Dynasty. The four masters (Yang Jiong without seven-character poems) pushed the seven-character ancient poems to a mature stage with a large number of excellent works. Therefore, the achievements of the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty in the development of poetic forms are worthy of full recognition. Among the four people, each has its own emphasis. Wang and Yang are good at five laws, while Lu and Luo are good at seven ancient times. They played an important role in the history of literature. Du Fu, a great realistic poet, praised the "Four Masters".