In autumn, on July 16th and 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy. (Feng Tong: adopted)
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " Guests have oral sex and rely on songs to make peace. Its voice is whiny, like resentment, like crying; The sound is endless. It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
Su Shi's face was sad and sad, so he sat up in a corner and asked the guest, "How do you know?" ? "The guest said," There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. "Isn't this Cao Mengde's poem? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, wearing a flag, drinking wine and singing poems across the river, and became a hero in the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, making friends with fish, shrimp and elk, keeping a boat and keeping bottles for each other. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. I can't understand it for a while, but I hate it. "
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, then things are infinite to me, so why envy them! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, not mine, so I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are wonderful to hear and beautiful to meet. It is the creator's endless hiding place, and my son and I are in the right place. " (* * * Suitable for one work: * * Food)
So the companion smiled happily, wiped the cup clean again and poured it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, leaving only the cups on the table in a mess. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white.
Translation:
In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16, my friends and I went boating under Chibi. The breeze blows gently, but the waves are quiet. Raise a glass to the other half, and recite the chapter "My My Fair Lady" in the bright moon. After a while, the bright moon rose from the back of Dongshan and moved back and forth between Dousu and Niusu. The white water vapor crossed the river and the water covered the sky. Indulge a reed-like boat to float freely and cross the vast river. Just like walking in the air with the wind, I don't know where I will stop. It's like I'm going to leave this world to fly, I'm going to become an immortal and enter a fairyland.
At this time, I am very happy to drink and sing to the beat. The song sings: "laurel wooden boats and vanilla paddles are flapping clear waves in the moonlight and going upstream on the moonlight water." My feelings are far away, looking at Mingjun, but in the horizon. " There are also guests who can play the flute, accompanied by the rhythm of the song. The sound of the flute is like mourning, like hope, like weeping, like complaining, and the lingering sound echoes on the river like silk. Can make the dragon in the deep valley dance for it, can make the widow in the lonely boat cry for it.
I also looked sad, adjusted my skirt and sat up straight, asking the guest, "Why is the flute so sad?" The guest replied: "The moon stars are rare, and birds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Gong and Meng De? From here, you can see Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. The mountains and rivers are contiguous, and at first glance, it is gloomy. Isn't that where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? At the beginning, Jingzhou was captured, Jiangling was captured, and it went down the Yangtze River. His warships are connected end to end, stretching for thousands of miles, with flags covering the sky. Facing the great river, he poured wine and recited poems with a spear. He used to be a contemporary hero, but where is he now? Besides, you and I are fishing and chopping wood in a small continent in the middle of the river, with fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends. We are driving this boat on the river, raising cups and toasting each other, just like a mayfly in the vast world, as small as a millet in the sea. Alas, sighing that our life is only a short moment, we can't help but envy the endless Yangtze River. I want to travel around the world hand in hand with the gods and embrace the bright moon forever. Knowing that these ideas can't be realized at once, I have to turn my regret into a flute and entrust it to the sad autumn wind. "
I asked, "Do you know this water and the moon? The passage of time is like this water, but it has not really passed away; When the circle disappears, just like this month, there is no increase or decrease after all. It can be seen that from the changeable side of things, everything between heaven and earth is changing all the time, without even a blink of an eye; From the unchangeable side of things, everything is eternal to us, so what is there to envy? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own master, and if it is not what it should be, it will not even get a penny. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains become sounds when they are heard, and all kinds of colors are drawn when they enter the eyes. No one will forbid you to get these things, and there will be no worries about feelings. This is an inexhaustible treasure given by nature, and you and I can share it together. "
The guest smiled happily, washed the cup and drank it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat with pillows on each other, and before you know it, there was a white dawn in the East.
Appreciate:
This poem leads to the description of the dialogue between subject and object through boating and drinking poems on a moonlit night. It not only expresses the feelings of mourning the past and hurting the present from the guest's mouth, but also hears the unwavering feelings from the words of Perilla. The whole poem is profound and profound, and it is really a masterpiece in literary prose.
The first paragraph, write a night tour in Chibi. The author "got off the boat at Chibi", plunged into the embrace of nature, enjoyed the beauty of cool breeze, dew, mountains, running water, moonlight and skylight, and recited the first chapter of Moonrise. Shu Yao corrected it, and he was very sad. "Compare the bright moon to a beautiful woman with a good figure, expecting her Ran Ran to rise. In response to the poem "The Moon is Out", "Xiaoyan, the moon rises from Dongshan and lingers between bullfights." And leads to the following song cloud created by the author: "Looking at beauty and loving the sky", which is consistent in emotion and style. The word "wandering" vividly depicts that the soft moonlight seems to have incomparable attachment and affection for tourists. In the bright moonlight, white fog enveloped the river, and the sky and water became one piece, which is the so-called "autumn water * * * sky is one color" (Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting). At this time, tourists are open-minded and unrestrained, so they leave the world in a small boat, drifting with the flow and detached from things. The vast river and free and easy mind jump out of the author's pen, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is a passage in this article that positively describes "boating" and enjoying the scenery. Lyric with the scenery, the scenery is good.
In the second paragraph, the writer's drinking and singing joy and the guest's sad flute sound. The author is extremely happy to drink and sing to express his disappointment and frustration with the "beauty" thinking. The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all the beautiful things. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " This lyric all adopts the meaning of "Songs of the South, Less Thinking": "Look forward to a beautiful future and sing a magnificent song in the breeze", which embodies the content of "reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing a graceful chapter" above. I can't see it because I want to be beautiful. I have expressed my frustration and sadness. In addition, Hakka plays, according to its songs, Xiao's tone is sorrowful. "If you complain like a hope, you cry like a complaint, and the sound is like a wisp", in fact, it attracts the dragons hidden in the ravine to dance and makes the widows in the lonely boat cry. One of Dong Xiao's songs is sad and tactful, and its sad tone is touching, which makes the author's feelings change suddenly, from joy to sadness, and the article is also ups and downs.
In the third paragraph, write the guest's sigh about the impermanence of life. This part is endowed with historical sites, not the natural scenery of Chibi. The host asked "what is nature", and the guests answered with the monuments of Chibi, and the arts and sciences turned to nature. But this article is not about Chen Qi, but uses two questions. First of all, based on Cao Cao's Short Songs, I asked, "Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" He is also better than the mountains and rivers in front of him and asks, "Isn't this because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang?" Two questions made the article sensational again. Then, it tells the story of Cao Cao breaking Jingzhou and forcing Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, the mighty Cao Jun descended from Jiangling along the river, with warships connected by thousands of miles and banners covering the sky. Cao is full of pride and arrogance, drinking and writing poems on the river at the bow, which can be described as "a hero in the world". I don't know where to go now, and a hero like Cao Cao is only a moment of fame, let alone himself. So now I can only sigh the shortness of life, envy the flowing river, and hope to meet the immortal and be with the bright moon. However, all these are unrealistic fantasies, which is why sadness and sadness are conveyed through flutes. The guest's answer shows a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life, which is one aspect of Su Shi's thought revealed through the guest's mouth.
In the fourth paragraph, Su Shi stated his views on the impermanence of the guest students in order to understand each other. The guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "embrace the bright moon and end up long". Su Shi took Jiang Yue Ming Yue as a metaphor and put forward that "the deceased is like this, but never had it; If the surplus is lacking, the dead will not ebb and flow. If we look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is only a blink of an eye; From the same point of view, things and human beings are endless, so we don't have to envy rivers, bright moons and heaven and earth. Naturally, there is no need to "mourn for my life for a moment." This shows Su Shi's open-minded world outlook and outlook on life. He is in favor of looking at the problem from multiple angles instead of absolutizing it. Therefore, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptive mental state in adversity, get rid of the impermanence of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explains that everything in the world has its own owner, and individuals can't force it. The breeze on the river can be heard, the bright moon in the mountains is colorful, the mountains are endless, the moon is eternal, the world is selfless, and music entertains people. The author can wander around and enjoy himself. This situation is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "The breeze and bright moon don't need a dollar to buy, and Yushan is not pushed", and then deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after listening to the author's dialogue, the author turned grief into joy and drank heartily. "Pillow in the boat, I don't know Oriental White." After reading the beginning, I wrote about the happiness of traveling and enjoying. As for forgetting my gains and losses, it is a realm of detachment.
Precautions:
1. This article is selected from the first volume (four series) of Jin Jing Dongpo's Collected Works. Written in Song Shenzong Yuanfeng five years (1082). Prior to this, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) because of Wutai Poetry Case (Yuanfeng two years). Later, I wrote an essay on the same topic, which was called "Qianchibi Fu". 10 15 wrote "Houchibi Fu". Chibi: It is actually Chibi Rock in Huangzhou, not the former site of Battle of Red Cliffs during the Three Kingdoms period. Locals also call it Red Cliff because its sound is close. Su Shi knew this and made a mistake, so he used scenery to express his embrace.
2. Ren Xu: Song Shenzong Yuanfeng, aged five (1082).
3. I hope: I have passed; Look, the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar. "Wang" refers to the sixteenth day of the lunar calendar.
4. Xu: Take your time.
5. Xing: Get up and do it.
6. Genus: "zhǔ" is a greeting, which is extended to the meaning of "advice" here.
7. Shao Yan: It's been a while.
8. White dew: white water vapor. Hengjiang: Gaijiang. Horizontal, horizontal.
9. Like a reed, you are at a loss: let the boat float on the wide river. Longitudinal: Whatever. Reed: A boat as small as a reed leaf compared with a very small boat. The Book of Songs Feng Wei He Guang: "Who is He Guang, a Hang Wei (Sailing)?" Go ahead, go ahead. Ling: Over. Wan Qing: It describes that the river is very wide. At a loss, broad-minded.
10. Feng Xu defends the wind: flying in the air (like growing wings). Feng: Same as "by" and "by". Virtual: space. Y: Drive (control).
1 1. Independent from the world: to die and live alone.
12. Buckling: flapping the ship's side, which means flapping, the ship's side and both sides.
13. Blowing the sky and tracing the streamer: paddle the moon to float the clear water and go upstream. Back: Upstream. Empty, streamer: refers to the moonlight floating on the clear river.
14. Ambiguity: subject inversion. My thoughts drift away. The ethereal and distant appearance. I care about _ _ "Mrs. Xiang" with my eyes, and my feelings in my heart.
15. Beauty: This is the style of Qu Yuan borrowed by Su Shi. Use beauty to refer to the monarch. Most ancient poems mention people they miss and yearn for.
16. Song Harmony (hè): Harmony with the beat. Lean: follow, follow and respond.
17. Resentment is like longing, crying is like complaining: sadness is like longing, sobbing is like talking. Complain: sadness. Mu: Attachment.
18. Aftersound: End. Curl: describes the long and soft sound.
19.wisp: filament.
20. glen dance: glen: this refers to the abyss. The dragon in the deep valley was moved to dance.
2 1. Cry for the widow on the lonely boat (lí Li): Let the widow on the lonely boat cry sadly. Li: A woman who lives alone, here refers to a widow.
22. Yan (Qiao) ran: the color change of appearance.
23. Sit in danger: pack your clothes and sit in danger: sit up.
24. What's this? Why is the song so sad?
25. The moon stars are rare, and the black magpie flies south: the quoted poem comes from Cao Cao's "Short Songs".
26. Miao: Through the "dazzling" coil.
27. Melancholy: The trees are dense and lush. Yu: It looks lush.
28.zhú lú Zhulu: Warships are connected in front and back. This refers to warships.
29. wine: pour wine.
30. Shu: Hold the spear horizontally.
3 1. Make friends with fish, shrimp and elk: Make friends with fish, shrimp and elk. Companion: Take ... as your partner. The following is the conative usage of nouns. Elk: A kind of deer.
32. Piā n boat: a small boat.
33. Send: entrust.
34. Mayfly (fú) Mayfly: An insect, born near the water at the turn of summer and autumn, has a short life span of only a few hours. This sentence is a metaphor for the brevity of life.
35. Nine Niu Yi hairs: small. The sea: the sea. This sentence means that human beings are extremely small between heaven and earth.
36. A moment (yú): A moment, a short time.
37. Long ending: As for forever.
38. Suddenly: All at once.
39. Aftersound: Aftersound refers to the sound of the flute. Very Thai: Autumn wind.
40. The deceased is like this: "The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han": "Zi Yuechuan:' The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night.' "Death: Go. This means water.
4 1. Full or short: refers to the round and short of the moon.
42. pawn: finally. Fluctuation: increase or decrease. Length: growth
43. Then heaven and earth can't take a moment: modal adverbs. To: use. Blink: The blink of an eye.
44. It is the creator's endless hiding: this. Creator: heaven and earth are natural.
45. Zan: Buddhist language. Refers to an endless treasure.
46.*** Gourmet: * * Enjoy. Su Shi's "Red Cliff Fu" is written about "* * * food", which has been the meaning since the Ming Dynasty.
47. Be more cautious: drink again.
48. Dishes and kernels are exhausted: meat dishes and fruits. It's already started.
49. Chaos: "Chaos" written, chaos.
50. pillows: pillow each other.
5 1. White: It's already white (meaning dawn).
Creative background:
The Red Wall Fu was written during Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou, which was one of the most difficult periods in his life. In the second year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1079), Su Shi was accused of slandering the imperial court for writing the poem "Xie Shangbiao in Huzhou", impeached by the imperial censor, and accused of slandering the imperial court, which was known in history as "Wutai Poetry Case". "After several reconstructions", he was tortured. After being rescued by many parties, he was released in1February of that year and was demoted to deputy ambassador of Huangzhou Youth League Training, but "no official contract, no unauthorized placement." This is undoubtedly a "semi-prisoner" controlled life. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi visited Chibi twice in July 16 and 10/5, and wrote two poems about Chibi. Later generations called the first poem "Red Cliff Fu" and the second poem "Back Red Cliff Fu".
About the author:
Su Shi, (1037 65438+10.8-165438+August 24, 0),No. Zizhan, He Zhong, a famous Taoist of tin cans, Dongpo Jushi,No. Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (Sichuan Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, they are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Ancient Wood and Strange Stone Atlas, etc.