During the Song Renzong period of Qing Dynasty (104 1- 1049), Bi Sheng invented clay movable type printing. This is the earliest recorded movable type printing in the world.
Wang Zhen (1260- 1330), a scientist in Yuan Dynasty, invented the wooden movable type edition (some people also supported the existence of the wooden movable type edition in Song Dynasty, and put forward several versions to prove it. Among them, Shi Mao, which people often mention, is called the movable type book of Song Dynasty. Because the word "Zi" is arranged horizontally in a version of You Shan Book of Tang Dynasty, it can be completely proved to be a movable type book.
In the Yuan Dynasty (127 1- 1368), there were red and black color overprints. During the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), two-color and four-color overprint prints appeared, which can print multi-level color prints.
/kloc-In the mid-5th century, John Gutenberg (1397- 1468) began to study movable type printing from 1436, and began to make spiral hand-held wooden book printing machines from 1440. Until 1477, it almost spread all over Europe and became the origin of modern printing.
1589, western movable type printing and printing machines were introduced into China, and China publishing industry began to print and publish books with movable type. 1590, the earliest book printed with western movable type-Japanese embassy in Rome (Latin); 18 19 type printing of old and new contracts (Chinese characters); 1838, British Taylor made a set of China type in Singapore, and in 65438.
In the 11th year of Emperor Yongzheng (1733), the imperial edict of Yongzheng made woodcut movable type. In one year, 253,500 kinds of woodcut movable type were completed, and 2,300 copies of Wuyingdian Juzhen Edition Series were printed. Jin Zhuan described the process of making wooden movable type in the illustration of "Wuyingdian Jubao Program".
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1845. Germany produced the first fast printing machine. 1860, the United States produced the first turning points. After that, Germany successively produced two-color fast printing machines, newspaper-printing rotary machines and two-color rotary machines, and by 1900, a six-color wheel rotary machine was made. From 1845, after about a century, all industrialized countries have successively realized the mechanization of printing industry.
From 65438 to 0859, American Presbyterian Press moved to Shanghai. This year, Jiang Beili, an American technician of the museum, improved the specifications of movable type in China and formulated 37 standards, which laid the foundation for the movable type system in China. He also created electroplating movable type and invented the ingot typesetting frame. He also divided Chinese types into three categories: common type, spare type and rare type, and each category was arranged according to the radical indexing method in Kangxi Dictionary.
This printing method improves the production efficiency of lead-printed books. Since then, movable type printing institutions have been established in China, and the printing industry has gradually embarked on the road of mechanization. At the same time, western lithography was introduced into China and developed considerably. China began to use gravure printing at the end of the century, and the form of book products also changed-hardcover and paperback began to appear.
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