According to Zhuoni County Records, Yan Tao has a history of 1300 years. Known for its high quality at home and abroad, Guangdong Duanyan and Anhui She Yan (originally four famous inkstones, but now because Shaanxi Chengni inkstone has been lost) are also called the three famous inkstones in China.
Yan Tao is produced in Zhuoni, Taohe Valley, Gansu Province. Historically, Jonny was under the jurisdiction of Zhou Tao, hence the name Yan Tao. Yan Tao is deeply loved by literati because of its fine stone, hard pen, no water consumption, long-term non-deterioration, neither cold nor ice, fast ink development, fine grinding ink and no damage to pen. Su Dongpo, a famous writer and calligrapher in Song Dynasty, praised Yan Tao for "sharp washing, golden iron, elegant cutting, firm and dense". Huang Tingjian, a famous poet and calligrapher in Song Dynasty, praised Yan Tao for "the green stone in Taohe River contains wind ripples and can sharpen a pencil like a cone". Zhao Puchu, a famous contemporary calligrapher and former vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, has a special liking for Yan Tao. He praised Zhou Tao in his poem: "The wind is green and as strong as bronze. Wan Li, an old friend, was diligent, which was better than my nine-year drought, and built an inkstone field in the northwest and southeast. Seiko wants to take the lead. Look at the place where the ink sea is turned over, and the wind and thunder are thundering. "
Yan Tao's unique function of holding water and keeping fresh is another reason why literati like it very much. According to legend, in ancient times, a calligrapher specially kneaded a dough and put it in a covered Yan Tao to test Yan Tao's storage function. After more than a month, the dough is still soft and shiny. Yan Tao has become more and more famous and widely spread.
Yan Tao is also called Greenstone, Duck Head Green and Ying Ge Green. Shi Tao is mostly turquoise, including green, dark green, dark green, light green, gray green, brown and yellow. Among them, brown bloodstone, also known as peach stone purple stone, is the most precious, green stone is the top grade, followed by gray green Ying Ge green and light green willow blue. The pottery stone is firm and fine, with elegant color, elegance and strangeness, like jade; Hair ink is slender, moist and easy to use with a pen; Buttons are silent, and water droplets can be produced. Therefore, it is known as "Zhao Shuangbi in Shi Gui, Zhou Tao, but not in Zhangzhou, Duan Xi".
Yan Tao stone head has different shapes. There are squares, circles, ellipses, arc spoons and so on. Yan Tao's designs are more diverse and have everything. There are landscapes, flowers, insects and birds, green trees, birds and beasts, rare ancient coins, pastoral scenery and so on. Pottery inkstones vary in size, some weighing hundreds of kilograms, and the small ones are only a few hundred grams.
Yan Tao has exquisite manufacturing technology and complicated working procedures. It must go through more than ten processes such as strict material selection, design and composition, carving and cutting, grinding and polishing. It usually takes two or three days to make an ordinary Yan Tao, and it often takes months or even years to make a large Yan Tao. Liu, a famous sculptor, spent five years making a "Thousand Dragons Playing in the Sea" inkstone. Interesting thing about Yan Tao: Taohe inkstone is produced in Yantao Township, Zhuoni City, Gansu Province. The stone of Taohe inkstone was taken from the local Lintao River, and the inkstone was named Taohe inkstone. Because the Taohe stone has been eroded by water for a long time, the stone is delicate, and the skin care is meticulous, not only polished, but also moist. Taohe inkstone is one of the four famous inkstones in China. Its texture is delicate and crystal clear, its color is green, and its stone surface is slightly black and watery. It rolls with the waves, rolling clouds, changing and beautiful. Because of its green color, Shi Tao is called "Lintao River Green Stone", also known as "Duck Head Green". In addition to green stones, there are rose-red faces, dark green parrot green, dark green porch and light green willow green. According to Zhao Xihu's "Dong Qing Lu" in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Taohe Qingshi is the most valuable in the north except Duan Heshi." Green as blue, moist as jade, the ink does not reduce the tail of the stream, but the stone at the bottom of Lintao is priceless because it is not caused by manpower. "Feng in the Jin Dynasty has a famous sentence" Shi Taoyan ":"Before the parrot came home, there was a stone, and it was cut with its own brilliance; "No one showed up at the Yun Yun window all day, so I sat there and watched the clouds bloom. It can be seen that Yan Tao was precious in the Jin Dynasty. Treasure in Taohe Qingshi inkstone
Yan Tao, also known as Taohe Qingyan inkstone, is as famous as Guangdong Duanyan and Anhui She Yan, and is also known as the three famous inkstones in China. Taohe greenstone occurs in Lamaya Valley in the middle reaches of Taohe River at the junction of Minxian and Zhuoni in southern Gansu. The production of Yan Taoshi has a history of 1300 years. Yan Tao is famous at home and abroad for its turquoise stone color, elegance and rarity, firm and fine quality, jade-like, silent buckle, watertight, fast ink output without loss, fast ink storage without loss, and long ink storage without drying up. It has always been a treasure of the imperial court, a treasure of literati, a gift to relatives and friends, and a wonderful flower in antique inventory. Scholars, painters and calligraphers of all previous dynasties highly praised Yan Tao's poems inscribed with inscriptions. Liu Gongquan, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "On Inks": "Where inkstones are kept, there is Qingzhou first, then the state, and then the beginning, the end and Lintao". Hu, a famous connoisseur in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in "Collection of Oil Days": "Except for two stones, the green stone in Taohe River is the most egret in the north, green as blue and moist as jade. But the stone is at the bottom of the deep river, and it is priceless because it is not caused by manpower. " In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian praised Yan Tao: "Wash it, refine gold and iron, cut it, and be dense." "I have long heard that Shi Min duck head is green, so you can sharpen Guixi Dragon Sword. I don't think that literati don't know martial arts, so they have to do their best. " Zhao Puchu, a contemporary master of calligraphy, once wrote a poem: "The wind is green, as firm as copper and as smooth as jade". There are many kinds of Yan Tao inkstone platforms, including dragon and phoenix inkstone, dragon inkstone, Tian Fei inkstone, Five Blessingg inkstone, peony inkstone, flower inkstone, western Shang spoon inkstone, flowers, insects, fish, turtle inkstone and various figures and historical allusions. This series of products includes wine sets, wall hangings, decorations and so on. , with high collection, art and use value. Yan Tao originated from 1300 years ago, began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. It is as famous as Guangdong's Duanyan and Anhui's She Yan, and it is also called China's traditional inkstone, which is an integral part of the splendid culture of the motherland. Yan Tao has experienced 1300 years, which is loved not only by literati, but also by emperors and generals and ordinary people. Many famous sayings that have been passed down for thousands of years have proved Yan Tao's historical position and evaluation, which makes us all admire and appreciate. Liu Gongquan, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in On Inks: "Green Island is the first place to store inkstones, followed by Zhou Xia, and then emphasizes Duanhe and Lintao (now referring to Zhuoni area in Gansu)." This is the earliest evaluation of Yan Tao seen so far. There is an existing Yan Tao in the Shanghai Museum, which is recognized as a treasure of the Tang Dynasty. It can be seen that at that time, Yan Tao had enjoyed the same status as She Yan. In the Song Dynasty, Yan Tao had a prominent position and was highly praised by some politicians, writers and inkstone lovers. Su Shi, a great writer from the official to the history of the Ministry of Rites, praised "washing the edge and refining gold and iron" in "Shi Yanming of Taohe benefited from Lu Zhi". Cut and bright, firm and dense. Tao Min County, to China. Abandon it with a sword and join it with pen and ink. Years old, bing yin, moved to the north and south. Returning, Huang Luzhi. " Yan Tao's preciousness is a gift from literati, everyone and court nobles. Huang Tingjian, a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and one of the four bachelor's degrees in Su 'men, asked his friend Liu Yu for an inkstone and wrote a poem, saying, "I have heard for a long time that Shi Min's duck head is green, so you can sharpen the dragon sword in Guixi. I really feel that literati don't know martial arts and have to do their best. " Yan Tao is becoming more and more prosperous, which is envied by people who have inkstones. People who don't have inkstones want it and spend a lot of money to buy it. Zhang Wenqian, a poet, wrote, "Mi Fei's poems are green stones of Taohe River with the wisdom of Huang Lu." He said, "The stone of Taohe River has a sharp sword and spear, and when sharpened, twelve oxen can be solved. ..... Who holds this inkstone parameter case, the wind is near the cold autumn. ..... try to spit ink in the bright window, which is embellished. Duan Xi Weizhou has no such color. " As soon as this poem came out, Yan Tao's value was like icing on the cake, occupying the position of the first inkstone in one fell swoop. Mi Fei, an outstanding painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, was one of the "Song Sijia" and a member of the official rites department. He loved Yan Tao very much. "Hai Yueshan's calligraphy is blind every day." His "inkstone" was bought by the state for 20 million yuan and is known as "the famous inkstone". At that time, every time he got a famous inkstone, he went crazy. Huang Bu's "Lin Yanji" praised Taohe stone as precious. "Taohe stone is expensive and double Zhao Bi, and Hanshui duck head is so colored. The reward is not mean to me, but depicts a country without salt. " Taohe Stone is comparable to Heshibi. Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also left important poems for Yan Tao. When he received the Shu paper from his friend, he immediately wrote the famous sentence "Jade pieces are famous for filling brocade, and the wind blows strange stones out of Lintao". There were also many poems praising Yan Tao in Yuan and Jin Dynasties. These poems are catchy and unforgettable. Yuan, a native of Tuoba, Northern Wei Dynasty, was an outstanding writer, and once served as foreign minister in Shangshu Province. He said in "Valley inkstone" (Huang Tingjian) collected by Guo, a native of Fuze, "I heard that parrots have become fossils, which are hard to count. The county magistrate spends 6 million yuan every year to transport this inkstone to Lintao. Yun Xuan's skin is far from the world, the water on the wall is straight, and the satellite is high. It is useless to try chicken feathers in San Qian. " Feng, a scholar in Jin Dynasty and a famous connoisseur of epigraphy, was full of praise for this. He sang in "Tao Yongyan", "The parrot took the stone before returning to the state, and when it was cut, it took its own youth. No one came to the window all day and sat watching Yuan Cuiwei. " This poem does not directly describe Yan Tao, but praises Yan Tao's elegance and nobility with parrots and leaves. Li Rihua was an official of the "Six Masters" in Ming Dynasty and a servant of Shao Qing. He was known as "Mr. Natural History" and praised Yan Tao for "a good inkstone is hard to spend a thousand dollars". First frost is silent and has something to do with clouds. "Among them, the word water vapor is wet, and breathing can refer to water droplets. The study of Wu Dui, a famous contemporary poet, has reached another peak. He listed Qingzhou Stone No.1, Taohe Stone No.2, Duan Xi Stone No.3 and Weizhou Stone No.4 in Gongci-Xixi Yu Cong and Bianyan Stone. There is a poem praising: "Yan Ying leads Lang, Hong Yan announces sleeping, the son of heaven asks under the curtain personally, and the imperial palace holds tea soup. "Love for Yan Tao reached a new level in the Qing Dynasty, especially in the prosperous period of Kanggan. In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Qing Cliff, Binglu, Gansu Province, knew Yan Tao as a lifelong companion. " Skin tender as banana leaves, rippling with a treasure forest. From now on, it will help me sing old songs. "Zhang Jian was the first person in China to praise Yan Tao with poems." I write scriptures every day, and 190 inkstones are like stars. Cai Laining goes green to Taohe River, which looks like a green stream. Huang Zongxi, a historian who is one of the three outstanding figures in the early Qing Dynasty, once wrote a seven-method metaphor for Yan Tao, which was called "Cold Mountain Cloud" and "Opening the Emperor's Pole". It is believed that the quality of pottery inkstone is far above that of Duanwo inkstone. " Venus is shocked by the snow and waves, and the splash is heard. Emperor Qianlong even wrote a poem praising and saying, "The green stone in Lintao has a yellow label, which is like Songhua Jade and Baoping." He attached great importance to the quality of Yan Tao and cherished it. He regarded Yan Tao as a national treasure in the Sikuquanshu edited by him. During the Republic of China, there were many poems praising Yan Tao. Two Yi people's works are extracted to show the depth of their research on Yan Tao. "The beauty of the parrot comes from Yan Tao, overwhelming the tail of the stream, and taking out the green wave with water, The goddess patching the sky didn't. ""How about the quality of the inkstone? Yellow and green waves, the water is still there all day, and it is still active all over Su Mo. "From 65438 to 0965, Mr. Pu Zhao received a gift from a friend, Yan Tao, and personally wrote two poems praising Yan Tao. The previous poem said, "The wind is green in Zhou Tao, as firm as bronze and as smooth as jade. "In short, the origin, color and texture of Yan Tao are all clear. In another poem, he wrote: "when the stone surface is formed, it is similar to the cold that must be reflected in the window." A pool of water is as clear as jade, and you can write spring breeze by spring breeze. " He also attached great importance to the development and utilization of Yan Tao, and wrote a vigorous Yan Tao for Park Lao. This shows Yan Tao's position in people's minds. Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been poems and songs praising Yan Tao, from which we can see Yan Tao's quality, characteristics, color, characteristics, status and collection value. The splendor of the Tang Dynasty was worshipped by kings all over China and loved and respected by friendly countries. Qingzhou is the first place to store inkstones, followed by Jiangzhou, then Duan Xi and Lintao (note: Lintao is Yan Tao). On Ink by Liu Gongquan, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, is taken from Famous Ink in Duan Xi published in Yanliang Liu, Guangdong. Wash it, make it into gold and iron, cut it, and make it solid and dense. County Tao Min, who went to China, gave up spears and swords and took part in pens and ink. When I was three years old, I traveled all over the north and south, and I gave it back to him, Huang Luzhi. See Dongpo Continued, Volume 10. Su Dongpo has a deep research on all kinds of inkstones. It's made from a friend's gift. It's made from a friend's gift. I have long heard that Shi Min duck's head is green, and you can sharpen Guixi Longwen Dao. Don't think that literati don't know martial arts, try to paste autumn rabbit hair (Huang Tingjian, a famous poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, asked Yan Taoshi from his friends). ) who holds this inkstone to participate in several cases, the wind is near the cold autumn. Try to spit ink on the bright window, showing embellishment, which is not available in Zhangzhou, Duan Xi. There are a few words in a long poem written by one of the four bachelor's degree students of Sumen in the Northern Song Dynasty (including Chao, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan), from official position to official position. Taohe River has a double Zhao wall, and Hanshui duck head is the same color. The reward is despicable, and it also depicts a country with a reputation of no salt for me. It has also been said: Tao Tao's cliffs, valleys at the end, bandits and rocks have only water and jade, but you can't have both. One can be warm enough, but it's cute and eye-catching. Why is it easy? Ji Li Ji written by Chao in Song Dynasty recorded the fact that he used pottery inkstone to end inkstone easily. I heard that parrots used to be fossils, and the county magistrate took this inkstone to Lintao and asked Yuan Haowen for Yuan Yishan's Notes on Poetry, which cost six million yuan. The three parrots returned to Taiwan in glory, and no one came to the cloud window every day to sit and watch Yuan Cuiwei. Feng's Collection of Ancient and Modern Books in Jin Dynasty is a literary work in which a parrot and an inkstone are used. The green stone in Taohe River is slightly blue, smooth as jade, and the ink does not reduce the rock under the end stream. Out of Shaanxi, the depth of the river is very rare. Gao Lian's "Yan Xian Shang Qing Jian" in Ming Dynasty Zhou Tao at that time belonged to Duanshi Asia under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi, and it was also the bluestone of Taohe River. In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang's Yun Xuan Mi Qing Lu included Qingzhou Hongshi I, Taohe Lushi II and Duan Xi Shishi III. There are four stone heads in Zhangzhou and five stone heads in Tuntun, all of which are stones. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu's Gong Ci, Taoshui Westward Journey and Qing and Chong were produced. Muscles are tender like banana leaves and black like chestnuts. From now on, help me sing Huang Luzhi, the ancestor of Shen Qing Wu Ya family poet in Qing Dynasty, was curious and called it Peach and Stone. My friend Ambassador Lintao gave me a cold mountain cloud; Venus is shocked by the snow and waves, and it is heard in a trance; I want to write Yuan You's book, but I am ashamed that my pen is not Su Men. In the Qing Dynasty, a friend of Huang Zongxi gave Yan Tao a long poem. In the poem, Lintao had a bluestone with Huang Qibiao on it. Like a Songhua jade, it meets every year and is precious. Compared with the old end, the suburban island is thinner. Talk about a product, picture or so. In Qing Dynasty, Qianlong Imperial Pen engraved Sikuquanshu (Xiqing inkstone spectrum), and the beauty of parrot pigeons came from Tao Tao, which was an exception. The green waves are also filled with water, leaving the mother snails to supplement the natural materials. People from the Republic of China. 194 1 year, the book Northwest Lun Heng was published. Fengyi got the green color of Zhou Tao, which is as strong as green steel and jade. Therefore, my old friend Wan Li's diligence is better than my nine-year famine. When the stone surface is formed, it is almost cold and must be reflected in the window. Zhao Puchu's two poems praising Taohe inkstone promoted national culture and inkstone art. Modern Zhang Xuezhong Taohe inkstone has been out of the mountains for hundreds of millions of years. Masonry is difficult and dangerous, and clouds cut the sky. Moist as jade, green as blue, leaving charm in the world. Guo Haitang, president of China Four Treasures of the Study Research Association, has no culture and interest, and is addicted to high yield. The modern Zhang Shoudao is very cute, and his success has benefited a lot, and his children and grandchildren are willing to be round. Modern An Qingfeng, because Taohe inkstone appeared in Tang Dynasty, the conclusion that Taohe inkstone was produced in Song Dynasty should be revised. Wang's excerpts from Shi Youwei's Reform and Literature: Take history as a mirror, recite it in dynasties, and extract one or two to show its ability. Sandwich, the ancestor of Yin De. Well-off society, cultural inheritance. The beauty of inkstone stops at smooth ink, and nothing else. However, the two are often opposite. Slippers need ink back. People who send inkstones will spend a lot of money, and if they don't send them, they will return them. It is difficult to be virtuous and independent. Su Dongpo's Duanyan holds that Yan Tao has both virtues. It is also the standard for judging inkstone. I think that since we are inkstones, we must have two virtues. Cognitive inkstone must take this as a mirror to be impartial. Nowadays, people collect more, and under the heavy stones, they also require smooth and accurate carving methods, good use of waterline and fat skin; Clever composition, rounded edges and corners, and moist body are all reasonable things. However, things should not be biased, reversed and thought to be true. Duan Xi is the most important inkstone in An Qingfeng's Talking about Ink, followed by Taohe and Ju Gu. The author of Negative Noisy Records in Song Dynasty (on inkstone materials) did not try to find inkstones for the distant army (Xining five years in Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1072). The stone is astringent and can be sharpened. Green is like a robe, and deep is lovely. After a long time, there are ink spots between waves, which the natives call "ink immersion" There is purple stone, which is wonderful. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Mi Fei mentioned several kinds of Taohe inkstone materials, such as green wave, inkstone and purple stone, and tasted the Taohe bluestone, which is green as blue and moist as jade, and the ink does not reduce the stones flowing down the stream. It is very rare to get out of the deep water of Lintaofu River in Shaanxi. In Ming Dynasty, Cao Zhao made a lot of research on inkstone in Gegu Yaolun, and he especially liked Yan Tao. Inkstone, from Wei, is the inscription of Tongzhi Stone. The treasure of the Taohe River, the treasure in the inkstone "The Four Encyclopedias" of the Qing Dynasty appeared in the bluestone of the Taohe River. In Lintan County, the lower reaches of the Taohe River, Zhuoni Tusi Yang was in charge of the Tongzhi draft in Gansu in the Republic of China. Golden voice and jade, silent. Thousands of poems turn into Yunshan. Grinding ink and dipping, the game world. Liu Guangyu, a poet, is famous for his exquisite stone products, whose sound is crisp and bright, with the sound of jade vibration. I am reluctant to part with ink, but I feel delicate and can't smell grinding sound. The top-grade inkstone can also be distinguished from the sound to determine the place of origin. Gu Fei has been tested for a long time, but he can't argue. We must use the finest refined fragrant ink and inject it into the clear Taohe River for grinding. Don't use evil ink indiscriminately, and don't leave it in the inkstone pool for a long time. Love it like living flowers and famous trees.