before the imperial examination and the system established in the sui dynasty, the way to be an official was monopolized by the door-gate family. Ordinary people can't be an official, and the emperor can't recruit his own people. Therefore, Yang Di established the imperial examination system to break this phenomenon. However, it was not mature and perfect at that time, and the imperial examination system was gradually improved in the Tang Dynasty.
At that time, there were two major subjects in the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty: general subjects and comparative subjects. Among them, the regular exam refers to the regular exam held every year, and the regular exam refers to the temporary exam held by the emperor from time to time. Therefore, regular subjects are tested every year, and the time for doing subjects is uncertain. The specific subjects of regular subjects are fixed. Moreover, what the emperor decides according to his needs is different every time. For example, Gan Long once offered a special course to study literature. Guangxu also held a special economic level examination system.
Because exams are often fixed, the time is fixed, just like our current exams. Therefore, the specific examination subjects are also fixed, and there are more than 5 subjects below. Are there many? What are these more than 5 subjects?
The specific subjects of formal subjects are different in each dynasty. At first, only one topic was asked, which was the form of question and answer. The emperor chooses questions to ask face to face, the candidates answer them on the spot, and then the emperor scores them according to the degree of satisfaction. In the initial imperial examination, candidates were recommended by officials, so the workload of this examination was not too big for the emperor.
in the Tang dynasty, the number of people in the imperial examination increased a lot, because too many people took part. It is obviously not feasible to ask the emperor questions, so the following subjects are added: Scholar, Ming Jing, Jinshi, Gentleman, Faming, Zi Ming, Shu Ming and so on. This adds up to more than 5 kinds! Including calligraphy, mathematics, nature and many other modern disciplines, but most of them have been ignored. They just go through the motions, and it doesn't matter if they don't do well, and they won't get much extra points if they do well. The final ranking only depends on the two most critical subjects, namely Ming Jing and Jinshi.
the so-called Ming Jing, the test is endorsement. Open any book of the Four Books and the Five Classics, open any page, cover it with other words, only one line leaks out, and then let the words behind this line complete. Then pick a sentence casually and let the candidates explain the meaning. If you want to pass this subject, you basically have to memorize all the textbooks. It's hard to get through by luck.
Jinshi is the most important subject, aiming at writing poems and articles, and commenting on current politics. This subject is also the most difficult, and it can best examine a person's cultural level and ability. After thinking about it, it's not enough to just read and endorse. After that, congratulations, you have stepped into the officialdom, and the sky is the limit. Jinshi's score is divided into three grades. If you get the first grade, you are likely to be the top scholar in the imperial examination. Many dynasties can get this result, and finally they all became prime ministers.
finally, those unimportant subjects were cancelled. In Song Dynasty, the imperial examination was reformed, and endorsement and poetry writing were abolished. Just ask and answer questions about current politics, put forward ideas about current politics and then give solutions. Finally, choose a sentence from the four books and five classics used in the exam to write a composition.
Ming dynasty was the heyday of imperial examination system, and the imperial examination in this period was the strictest and most difficult. At this time, the eight-part essay officially entered the historical stage and became the most important means of examination.
the so-called eight-part essay is to be able to