Ai Ye
Scenic spot couplets are a unique art form. On the scenic spots and cultural sites all over the country, there are couplets of books written by literati for thousands of years. These couplets are with the mountains and rivers, and shine with the scenic spots. It not only adds artistic interest to the scenic spots, but more importantly, it can be close to history, humanities and the times, forming a unique couplets culture of scenic spots and becoming the most dazzling and dazzling artistic wonder in tourism culture. Couplets of scenic spots are a comprehensive reflection of local culture, religion and art. Its quality often becomes a sign to measure the cultural accumulation of a place. Therefore, the couplets of scenic spots are not only the face of a local economic development, but also the most direct reflection of its cultural connotation. Now, although some scenic spots and cultural sites have been destroyed, the couplets attached to the scenic spots have also disappeared. However, the couplets in the historical sites preserved by the historical people and the sages are still extremely rich. These couplets not only have artistic appeal, but also play the role of historical witness to places of interest, which has always been valued by people. For example, Dong Pingzhang, a scholar in Deng Baoshan's Qing Dynasty, wrote:
When Chu forced Xingyang, he was excited by his strong will and opened Chi Di in 4 years;
god created the epoch and made the hometown a guarantee, which will help the people for thousands of years.
The first part of this couplet eulogized Ji Xin's heroic dedication to the establishment of the Han Dynasty, and the second part eulogized his contribution as a city god to protect the local people. There are not many words, but they are highly summarized, with a point of meaning and fascinating artistic charm.
It can be said that people's motivation for traveling is to feel the history and culture of different places besides enjoying the natural scenery. For example, the couplets in the Forbidden City are boasting about the merits of emperors, while the couplets in Hangzhou focus on clouds and lakes, while the Daguanlou in Kunming, Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Tengwangge in Jiangxi and Stork Tower in Shanxi are mainly famous for their poetry couplets. It should be admitted that the natural landscape is only an external form, but the cultural connotation is the soul. If these cultural things are removed from places of interest, buildings and natural scenery will only be left with shells. Only when the unique natural scenery of each place is combined with the regional culture can * * * form a unique tourism cultural resource.
first, the present situation of scenic spots and couplets in our city
Our city is relatively rich in tourism resources, and it is one of the places with the most concentrated scenic spots in Gansu. Existing scenic spots include temples and Taoist temples; Famous springs, streams, lakes and canyons; Mountains, cliffs, caves, memorial sites, etc. At present, except a few of these tourist resources have been developed and utilized, most of them are still in the primitive natural state and need to be developed. Even the developed scenic spots are still in a low-grade state of existence because of poor natural landscape (especially serious vegetation damage and broken buildings) and poor service facilities, and their tourism value is not high and benefits are not obvious. Especially because of the lack of cultural connotation, there are few advantages. For example, many temples and Taoist temples are just places for religious activities and have no cultural traces. If there are individual plaques, most of them are cliches such as "God bless" and "whatever you want" that the masses pray for and are willing to donate. Therefore, despite the lack of tourism resources in our city, the overall cultural taste is still relatively low. Besides objective factors, the most fundamental reason is that scenic spots and culture are not well combined and complement each other. Vigorously excavating the connotation of tourism cultural resources is an important measure to develop tourism, and couplets are the most direct form to show regional culture.
if the number of couplets of scenic spots in the city is not large, not only the lack of human factors, but also a lot of them have been lost and destroyed due to years, so there are often situations where there are scenes without couplets and there are couplets without books. Compared with the southeast coastal areas with developed tourism, the gap is self-evident. In fact, there are many couplets written by ancient and modern literati on the scenic spots in the city, but not many have been preserved. As far as couplets are concerned, Zhu Chihong in Ming Dynasty wrote "all the decrees are mentioned, and Chang 'an is the guest in charge;" Zongfeng was greatly inspired, and Longyoushan Middle School explained Confucianism "; Wang looked at the books written for Xianren Cliff and Ruilian Temple respectively, "There is nothing but Bodhi Sea everywhere, and the mountains are full of Putuo Cliff" and "Where is it? Try to come. Who is Yue Bai at the bottom of the violet leaf? There is no sound in the sound. When talking about it, what do you think of the blue sea tide? " He also wrote for Maijishan "thousands of feet unpopular court, relying on my east to west; A rattan staff, let it rain and knock the wind. " Wu Tianjun wrote the Gaohuang Temple Union in Tianshui Town. "I have tasted all difficulties, and Wan Li traveled far and wide, and only called Gaohuang Taizu; Relying on God in virtue, acting as an official, and aiming to clear the sky in the daytime are all treasures. Maijishan Yu Youren's book "Art is not the Mogao Grottoes, but literature spreads Yuzi Mountain", and Luo Jialun's book couplet: "Going through thousands of rivers to see the Six Dynasties Mountain" is quite vivid. The anonymous couplet of Shimen Mountain, "It is night when the bright moon arrives at the building, and autumn when the cool wind enters the sleeve", is also very interesting. Guataishan is anonymous. "The sun and the moon are as bright as they are, and the Ming Dynasty will last forever; Gan Kun granted the law, and the law was unified in three ways, which was elegant and appropriate. Deng Baoshan wrote a couplet for Shuangyulantang: "A thousand rays of light spread to Lao Du, and Shuangke was brilliant.". Feng Guorui wrote a couplet for Maiji Yunwu Mountain: "how can I tell, through all these clouds?, each fog has its own tour". Dongke Du Fu Caotang was anonymously linked "to avoid the Qin Zhou valley and once visited the border town; As an article in the Tang Dynasty, it is only the poetry world that is king. " Yanying Temple Union "climbs the mountain from the road, looks up and down the road, and firmly stands firm when stepping;" Sichuan is still returning to the sea, and the southeast is victorious, and I am eager to broaden my horizons. " Hu Jingxian, the former education director of Ma Paoquan National Revolutionary Cavalry Officer School, wrote an association for the school. "The sages of this army actually won Ganquan Ze later generations; We re-rode, and we were too ashamed to have great achievements. "... Most of them failed to recover for various reasons. There were many excellent couplets in Shuiyue Temple, but they were all lost.
In recent years, all localities have attached great importance to the couplets of scenic spots, or collected and restored the original couplets, or invited famous people to make new couplets, so as to attract tourists with culture and promote the development of tourism economy. Although couplets, a famous scenic spot in the city, have made great progress compared with a decade or two ago, the existing problems are not optimistic. Among them, the most prominent phenomenon is that it is still very common to pay attention to the construction of facilities and ignore the cultural construction in the construction of scenic spots. Some scenic spots are only not elegant enough, which not only fails to add flowers to the "landscape", but also spoils the scenery and destroys the harmony and unity of natural landscape and humanistic connotation. Therefore, it is urgent to fully restore and make couplets of scenic spots. In this regard, some practices in recent years are worth learning. For example, Mr. Huo Songlin wrote couplets for Guatai Mountain, "Napixing married, tied nets to teach fishing, and Weihe still played Lijile; Set up an image to connect with the gods, the cloth is poor and varied, and Longban keeps a painting platform. "It is the same as the" Guatai Mountain Monument ". It was written by Longyuan: "There are three beautiful suns in Chengji, watching the stone gate spit the moon, gathering clouds and moving clouds, immortals overlapping the emerald green, making an alchemy in Chigu, Yuquan Feidian, Qingwei Yingcun, Wotai Bugua and Nanguo Engraving Monument. So far, the beautiful scenery is colorful, adding a new scene to the old scene; Fuxi painted a picture to open the sky, praising it as Shu Xing Confucianism, Ji Xin Fu Han, filling the country with wasteland, Li Guang resisting aggression, virtue and virtue, Tang Dynasty, Liu Kun protecting the Song Dynasty, Shi Fu Dun poetry, and his scholars have been famous since ancient times, and he still hopes that the sages will succeed the sages of the past. " It also enriches the connotation of this cultural attraction, which is of course attributed to the celebrity effect of the famous association of scenic spots. Objectively speaking, although the celebrity effect has different opinions, it is helpful to improve the cultural taste of a place. For example, when we travel in other places and see couplets inscribed by celebrities, we will inevitably stop to enjoy them for a while. On the contrary, if it is written by Mr. Dong Bing or the so-called local officials, it will generally not attract people's attention. The above-mentioned couplets in the city are also written by famous artists. Because of their high cultural literacy and social recognition, the effect is much more remarkable. Therefore, how to give full play to cultural advantages and write books and couplets of scenic spots has become a top priority. To do this, we must first understand the position and deeply understand the influence and role of culture on scenic spots. Second, we must guarantee funds. Third, we should have a sense of quality, that is, we should be meticulous in writing, writing and engraving, and truly produce high-quality and high-grade couplets, and even have a sense of quality. Considering from three aspects: writing, calligraphy and engraving, some people write well, but their calligraphy level is average; Some people have profound attainments in calligraphy, but they are not good at writing couplets. Of course, there are also people who are good at writing books. We should give full play to our respective strengths in specific work, so that works and books can complement each other. Of course, engraving can't be ignored, and calligraphy is ultimately vivid through engraving. Good techniques can make calligraphy works more vigorous and radiant. On the whole, there are more people who can write, less people who are good at writing and less people who engrave (except computer production). Couplets of some scenic spots I have seen in recent years don't even pay attention to the minimum rules, let alone which is better or worse. Therefore, as soon as possible, it is an important strategy to compile a number of high-quality, high-grade excellent scenic spot couplets for selection during production. In this work, we can put our thinking further and adopt the way of collecting and carefully screening in a large range. The selected couplets are written by famous artists, so that nature and humanity can be perfectly combined to achieve harmony and unity and promote the development of tourism economy.
second, the basic knowledge of couplets
couplets are a unique form of Chinese literary style, which are called couplets, couplets and couplets, which are the pillars in front of the hall. Because it was first written on a mahogany board to ward off evil spirits, it is also called a peach symbol. It is connected with calligraphy, and it is arranged vertically, which can only be done by Chinese characters with one character and one sound. Liang Zhangju, a Qing Dynasty poet, said in the Poem on Couplets: "The theory of couplets originated from the peach symbol of the Five Dynasties, the cross of Meng, Shu, Qing Yu and Changchun (that is, Meng Chang's" Spring Festival in Qing Yu, Festival in Changchun ". ), its rightmost also. Since the Song Dynasty, since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there have been more and more authors. " There is some truth in his statement. Strictly speaking, couplets are separated from parallel prose in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and are the use of parallel antithetical forms. Although some people have regarded couplets as "short phrases", "literary sketches" and "lovers' feelings" since they came into being, people have loved them and used them for thousands of years. Some people in the Qing Dynasty said that the writing style of couplets made "shrines reminisce about the past, places of interest are recorded, mountains and rivers are vividly painted, especially the feelings of thinking about the past and the ambition of riding the wind". Since the Tang Dynasty, couplets have been paid more and more attention by scholars. Although it was replaced by dynasties, places of interest were repeatedly destroyed and robbed, but it is not uncommon for places of interest to be famous for their poems and couplets. For example, stork tower and yellow crane tower are named after poems, Yueyang tower and Tengwang pavilion are named after words, and Daguanlou and Hangzhou Xiling Pavilion are jointly named.
The prosperity of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, especially the prevalence of modern poetry, provided more favorable conditions for the development of couplets. Rhyme requires four verses and eight sentences each, and every two sentences are combined into a couplet, which is opposite to each other. The name of couplet is also derived from rhymes. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, couplets have existed as a unique literary style. In many famous temples, couplets inscribed by famous people are often loved by people, and become a literary style in which people record their ambitions, comment on the past and discuss the present, and write about the scenery. Especially, the people in places of interest and historical sites, as well as the poets' Sao couplets, are mostly written by famous artists. These couplets are written between mountains and rivers, on places of interest and historical sites, and are stopped by thousands of tourists to meditate, recite repeatedly and copy from place to place. Therefore, the couplets of scenic spots have become an important carrier to embody the humanistic and cultural connotation of scenic spots. Whether a scenic spot has high quality couplets not only affects the cultural level of the scenic spot, but also reflects the cultural connotation of a place. Therefore, in order to develop local tourism, we should not only make efforts to build scenic spots hardware, but also make efforts to build scenic spots couplets and other software. This requires that the creation of couplets of these places of interest must be profound in artistic conception, concise in language, exquisite in conception, stable in antithesis and magnificent in calligraphy. Only by truly doing this can culture add icing on the cake to the scenic spots, be easy to spread and have long-term vitality and influence. It is precisely because of the constant connection between the couplets of scenic spots and the scenery of mountains and rivers and historical relics that it has formed its own unique writing method in the long-term development process. Specifically, there are mainly the following aspects:
1) Couplets are not restricted by strict words. Metric poems are strictly limited by the number of words, while couplets are not. They can be long or short as needed. The longest couplet has three or five hundred words, and the shortest one can have four words up and down, with * * * characters. The famous couplet in Changlian, such as the 18-character couplet of Yunnan Daguanlou written by Sun Ranweng; Short-term couplets such as Beijing Half-day Yunling Pavilion "Going to the Water Poor Area, then sit and watch the rising clouds", Maijishan Luo Jialun Lianlian, etc.
Because couplets are not limited by the number of words like metrical poems, the author can read and express his feelings freely. Can also be concise, the finishing touch, as long as the up and down, left and right into a couple. At the same time, the length of couplets is irregular, which also brings more free changes to the rhythm of the upper and lower couplets. This not only makes the author write the scenery and express his ideas. There is room for free play in praising and criticizing current events, and it makes tourists not as stereotyped as reading metrical poems, which is easy to arouse people's interest. For example, in "Tianshui Scenic Spots", I wrote a couplet for each scenic spot, ***1 couplet. Long couplets are carved like wooden doors and gates (Sun Zhi's book in Chinese):
The ancient road reflects the setting sun, with a vein of autumn clouds and two mountains with green screens, so it is difficult to write poems. Ask the village shepherd boy, do you know Zhuge?
The creek meanders along its banks, looking for the lingering charm of the Three Kingdoms, with ten miles of red leaves, which is worthy of painting. Look at the sky, return to the wild goose, and cross the wooden door again.
short couplets such as Huaihua Temple couplets:
One flower and one world;
three religions and three origins.
2) The number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be equal, and the flat tones are staggered and harmonious, so that the syllables can be sonorous and have a strong sense of rhythm, although they are long and not flat. In particular, the suffix of the upper and lower couplet must be flat and flat.
this is the most common fault of the writers. Many people don't know how to be flat and even, and they haven't written any metrical poems, and they don't know that the upper and lower couplets should be flat and even, and the end words should be flat and even. As a result, the couplets written are flat and even, even and flat, which makes people laugh. Calling foreign tourists to see it will despise Tianshui local culture. Many people make such mistakes in couplets of some scenic spots in our city, especially in couplets written by so-called officials and celebrities. This kind of mistake is quite common. Here, I won't give examples one by one. Next, take the couplet (pastoral book) I wrote for Guatai Mountain as an example, and briefly talk about the problem of flat lines in couplets.
Eight dangerous peaks in thousands of feet invaded Bilingyun, guarding against the wind but feeling the stars moving;
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1.2 billion descendants, seeking the source and asking their ancestors, look back on the jade.
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3) The parts of speech in the same position of the upper and lower couplet must be the same. at this point