He is Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty.
Character determines fate. The unique character made Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty an emperor who was told for generations, and also made him a controversial emperor.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was suspicious by nature. The political situation is changeable and choppy. In order to survive in this special environment and succeed in the upper echelons, he had to have foresight and insight into everything. This enabled him to successfully survive the wave robbery again and again, and finally became the statue of the Ninth Five-Year Plan and established the Great Sui Dynasty. However, after the change of the dynasty, it was doubtful because it seized the throne from orphans and widows, and the legitimacy of the dynasty was insufficient. This determines that the veteran heroes who follow him can only share weal and woe, but can't share wealth. He went to prison many times and killed the hero who helped him seize power. In his later years, his suspicion became even heavier. Because of suspicion, he killed Yu Qingze, also known as the Four Ghosts, and removed Gao, who could be entrusted to other countries. Hey? Is it a song? Friends are close? Is it vomiting? King Shu of the people, Yang Xiong, who was too popular, was shelved, and Su Wei, who was suspected of cronyism, was ousted?
Wendi is diligent and loves the people. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty grew up in a temple when he was a child. Plain clothes is a vegetarian and lives frugally, which makes him develop a frugal character. Although he is the son of heaven, he doesn't care about meat, and he doesn't use gold and jade ornaments, and the concubines in the palace don't make beautiful ornaments. He is the most thrifty emperor in the history of China. He knew the importance of thrift, educated the prince to be frugal, and said that the country could not maintain long-term stability because of luxury and corruption. He also advocated frugality among officials. Because of frugality and less exploitation, people can live and work in peace and contentment, the number of registered permanent residence and property has increased sharply, and other measures to promote production have enabled all walks of life to prosper in a short time and the economy to prosper. Although the popularity of thrift promoted the rapid increase of social wealth, thrift was also a reason for the demise of the Sui Dynasty. Yang Jun, the king of Qin, was dismissed by Emperor Wen and put in solitary confinement because of his extravagant life and drinking and having fun. Ironically, accustomed to the hard life, the treasury's food and property piled up like mountains, even in the corridor. Sui Wendi, who pursued frugality, began to indulge in pleasure, waste money and covet pleasure in his later years. His successor, Yang Di, was more extravagant and cruel to the people, which led to the rapid demise of the prosperous Sui Dynasty.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty is strict in character. In the cruel political struggle, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty was highly effective. After becoming the minister of Fuzheng in the later Zhou Dynasty, in order to clear the way for the emperor, the imperial clan of the later Zhou Dynasty was cut off. Moreover, when he became emperor, he got rid of his goddaughter Princess Yi with one move, and properly solved the relationship between the Sui Dynasty and the Turks. Be strict with yourself and be more strict with yourself. Yang Jun, the king of Qin, was poisoned by his wife, but he didn't get his father's love because he didn't meet the requirements of Emperor Wen. Instead, he was exempted from official punishment, and the minister interceded for him. Wendi didn't forgive him either, because the prince broke the law and was guilty of the same crime as Shu Ren. Even after Yang Jun's death, Wendi Deng refused the request to erect a monument for him, which was extremely heartless. Yang Xiu, the king of Shu, was deposed because of the suspicion of Emperor Wen and the frame-up of Yang Guang and others. Treat sons very harshly, let alone others. He often berates ministers who are dissatisfied with him, and few people can die a fair death. He is harsh in character and usage. He believes in severe punishment in troubled times, and stealing a penny will be sentenced to death. More extreme, he executed three young people who stole melons because of thirst. Under this harsh law, the whole society is in a state of panic. This directly led to the demise of the Sui Dynasty. Even if the national treasury was full, officials did not dare to open warehouses for disaster relief, which made the country rich and the people trapped, and the Sui Dynasty perished.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty doesn't know the general meaning. He suspected that officials were corrupt and accepting bribes, but because there was no evidence, he sent his men to bribe those small officials with money on purpose, and whoever took it would be beheaded immediately. As an emperor, fishing law enforcement lost the general character of a gentleman. Not only that, although he grew up in a temple, he advocated Buddhism, hated poetry and books, and even abandoned his studies in order to cultivate talents.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ended the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which was the most chaotic period in the history of China for hundreds of years. He personally created the richest era in China's history, rebuilt the East Asian order centered on the Sui Dynasty, attached importance to culture and education, and opened up a system of three provinces and six departments, which lasted for more than 1000 years. However, some of his practices also contained the roots of the turmoil in the Sui Dynasty. Some historians have commented that the demise of the Sui Dynasty began with Emperor Wen. His merits and demerits are rooted in his unique personality and can be said to be merits and demerits.
Zhu said: "Our character is ourselves." Personality is very important to us, and merits and demerits are all due to personality, so each of us can be careless! So where does the duality of Wendi come from? I think there are three important reasons:
The first is his character. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was a self-disciplined person since he was a child. How self-disciplined? To a rigid, serious and boring degree. We all know that Tang Taizong loved calligraphy and Tang Xuanzong loved music. Who knows what Wendi loves? It seems that he only loves politics. Undoubtedly, this spirit of self-discipline is the advantage of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty compared with most emperors in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and it is one of the foundations to realize "rule by emperor".
However, everything has two sides. What is the opposite of rigid self-discipline? This is intolerance. I don't tolerate myself or others. Even more intolerable. If you are virtuous, you need others to be virtuous. If you go to work early and get off work late, you need others to work at full capacity. This is an attitude towards your son, minister and people. What is this? Isn't this a source of more relaxation?
The second is his cultural quality. Emperor Wendi of Sui received Buddhist education in a temple when he was a child, and studied in imperial academy for less than two years when he was a teenager. What kind of cultural quality is this? Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty can be said to be an amateur literator. What does this cultural quality mean?
On the positive side, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty knew the power of culture, so he collected books, founded schools, tried his best to suppress martial arts and establish a sound society.
However, on the other hand, his little knowledge of culture means that his understanding of culture is not profound, and he only knows how to use culture but not how to cultivate it. Once culture can't play a direct role, he will get impatient and abandon culture. Give the simplest example.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty once vigorously built schools, not only in the central government, but also in local counties. This was originally a good thing that benefited the present and the future. However, in the first year of Renshou (60 1), that is, ten years after running a school, he suddenly made an imperial edict:
There are thousands of Chinese studies, and students in counties and counties are salty. Only the list is used by the state as an immoral model when it is idle. Good reason is based on learning, not refining. Today, it is wise to save money and clearly reward.
What do you mean? I have been studying for so many years, why haven't I selected a few useful talents? It seems that it is useless to recruit so many students, so let's simplify it. How to streamline? Only 72 students from Guo Zi School were left behind, and the rest went home without studying.
So, is there anything wrong with Wendi's idea? This is a problem. It takes three generations to make a gentleman. How can the cultivation of a talent be effective in a few years? Even today's students don't need at least 16 years from primary school to university graduation? That's just beginning to work, far from having any real effect. Emperor Wendi was impatient because he didn't train senior talents in ten years, so he simply dissolved the school. Isn't this a typical quick buck? And this mentality of quick success and instant benefit is not the source of more politics and less morality!
The third is his life background. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was born in an era of national integration. He is the product of national integration, which not only has the martial spirit of the Hu people, but also agrees with the institutional culture of the Han people. This integration enables him to stand at the forefront of the times and lead the country. However, hundreds of years of war and Hu's rule did not bring him a good influence. Due to the short political power and unstable rule of the Hu nationality, almost every dynasty and generation, including the Sui Dynasty established by himself, was accompanied by conspiracy and bloodshed, which undoubtedly planted a shadow of suspicion and killing in his heart, which made him deeply distrust anyone and even killed his son and hero. Isn't this the source of Dowell Shaoen!
It is this kind of personality, this kind of education, and this era that, on the one hand, promoted the development of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, on the other hand, restricted the development of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, which made him make great achievements while leaving huge problems.
What's the problem? Quick success and instant benefit. In the 14th year (594), it was the heyday of Emperor Wen's rule. He was lucky enough to write a poem in Guangzhou. This is also the only poem he left in his life. This poem is written like this:
Where is the beauty? This jade looks like a flash.
Once the flowers fall, the white hair is hard to get rid of.
After next year, who has who doesn't.
How long can you keep your young face? Beauty and beauty are only fleeting. Flowers will wither in an instant, and white hair will soon cover your head. Isn't life very short? By next year and the year after, who will still live in this world and who will never return? Is this poem well written?
This poem is sincere, but it is not good. Why? Because it can be seen from this poem that the inner world of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty is not full. He only knows that life is short, but he doesn't know that besides the human body, there is a spirit that can last forever. Compare Cao Cao's "Although the tortoise lives long" and you will understand:
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has time;
The snake rode on the fog and finally landed in the dust.
The old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles;
The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.
Cao Cao also has regrets about the short life, but this emotion sublimated him into the feeling of "martyrs in their twilight years are extremely heroic", which is the greatness and grandeur of Cao Cao and the place where Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty could not escape.
It is precisely because Wendi didn't realize this that he was too obsessed with the achievements of the physical body, too eager to do everything well in his lifetime, and too indifferent to the tolerance of society. This is actually the real problem of the Sui Dynasty.