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Further notes on the text
1.Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.
(1) Nearly and almost have similar meanings, meaning "almost", "almost", and "almost":
I'm nearly/ almost ready.
I'm almost ready.
I have nearly forgotten his name.
I have nearly forgotten his name.
He nearly missed the train.
He nearly missed the train.
(2) Each and every can be translated as "every", and the two can often be used interchangeably:
Every/ Each time I wash the car it rains.
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Every time I clean the car, it always rains.
But each emphasizes the individual more. It is often used to refer to a definite and usually limited number:
Each child in the school was questioned.
Every child in the school was questioned.
Every does not emphasize the individual so much, and is often used to refer to a large, uncertain number:
Every child enjoys Christmas.
All/Every Children love Christmas.
In addition, each can be used as both an adjective and a pronoun, but every can only be used as an adjective:
They each have a share.
They each have a share. Have a copy.
Each of us has his own work to do.
Each of us has his own work to do.
2.Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's garden.
Adding -'s to a noun indicates a relationship of ownership and forms the possessive case of the noun. Such nouns often refer to living things, especially people. The grammatical function of the possessive case is equivalent to that of an adjective, qualifying the following noun. The qualified noun can be omitted when it is mentioned a second time in context, as long as it does not cause misunderstanding:
This is Mary's boy friend, not Jane's.
This is Mary's boy friend, not Jane's.
Boyfriend, not Jane's.
My pen is lost. This one is my brother's.
My pen is lost. This branch belongs to my brother.
John's handwriting is better than Mary's and Catherine's.
John's handwriting is better than Mary's and Catherine's.
3.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
Make and build are synonyms here, and both can be interpreted as "building" and "building". Like Chinese writing habits, when writing in English, you should try to avoid using repeated words in the same paragraph, especially in the same sentence, to make the article more vivid (except for special rhetorical techniques).
The main difference between make and build is: the meaning of make is relatively general and broad, and can be interpreted as "doing", "making", "manufacturing", etc., while the meaning of build is mainly limited to the construction industry. Refers to "building", "construction", "building a house", "building (bridges, etc.)":
They have built a new house.
They have built a new house.
They have made a road along the river.
They have made a road along the river.
Have you made the skirt by yourself?
Have you made the skirt by yourself?
Grammar in use
Adjective Comparatives and degrees of adverbs
In English, adjectives and adverbs can generally have comparatives and degrees. The comparative degree is equivalent to the sentence pattern of "more than..." in Chinese, and the comparative degree expresses the concept of "the most..." in a certain range. When used, the definite article the is usually added before it, and a phrase or clause limits its scope.
(1) The composition of comparatives and degrees
a. Monosyllabic words and a few bisyllabic words (such as words ending with the consonant -y) add -er to the end of the word, - est, words ending with the consonant -y must first change -y to -i, and then add -er at the end of the word, -est:
hard--harder--hardest
young--younger--youngest
clean--cleaner--cleanest
busy----busier----busiest
b. Add -r and -st to words ending in -e:
large--larger--largest
nice--nicer--nicest
c. For a monosyllabic word ending in a consonant, double the last letter and then add -er, -est:
big--bigger--biggest
thin--thinner- -thinnest
d. When some two-syllable words form comparative and superordinate forms, you can add -er and -est at the end of the word, or use them with more/less and most/least. Such as narrow, clever, common, pleasant, etc. But if you are not sure, it is more reliable to use more and most for two-syllable words.
Words with more than two syllables are as follows:
interesting--more interesting--most interesting
e. The composition of comparatives and degrees of some adjectives and adverbs is irregular:
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good/ well--better--best
bad/ ill--worse--worst
many/ much--more--most
little--less--least
old--older/ older--oldest/ eldest
far--farther/ further--farthest/ furthest
(2) When using the comparative form, if you need to mention both items being compared, you must use than after the comparative form:
I know him better than you do.
I know him better than you do.
Jane's hair is darker than Mary's.
Jane's hair is darker than Mary's.
My room is cleaner than the one next door.
My room is cleaner than the one next door.
If the meaning of the comparative form is clear, it can stand on its own:
This pen is cheaper.
This pen is cheaper.
This kind of candy is more delicious.
This kind of candy is more delicious.
The limited scope of level (3) generally uses prepositional phrases such as of, among, and in:
John is the tallest of the three brothers.
These 3 John is the tallest of the two brothers.
This is the coldest day in ten years.
This is the coldest day in ten years.
The limited scope can also be a clause:
Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met.
Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met. people.
If the range is clear, it can be omitted:
April is the best season.
April is the best season. (implied range "of the year")
He is always the best.
He is always good. (implied scope "among us")