Cang Xie also wrote about Cang Xie, a character who created Chinese characters in ancient legends. As early as the end of the Warring States period, the story of "Cangjie creating characters" was widely circulated. The book Lv Chunqiu Shen Finland JUNSHOU says: "Xi Zhong made cars, Cang Xie made books, Hou Ji made crops, Hao Tao made punishments, Kunwu made pottery and Xia Ying made cities. These six people did a good job. " At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Cang Xie was called the historian of the Yellow Emperor. "Huai Nan Zi Xiu Wu Xun" records: "History is a book." Gaoyou Note: "Cang Xie, the emperor in history, was born to watch birds and know how to write books, so he was called the emperor in history, or the emperor." Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xu also said: "The history of the Yellow Emperor has seen the traces of birds and beasts, and it is different to know their differences. At the beginning, he booked a book publishing contract and everything was done. " In The Spring and Autumn Period and Yuan Dynasty, Cang Xie was deified as an extraordinary person. He is "a man with a long face and bright eyes, and he was born with a sense of virtue." Therefore, the change of the poor world, looking up at Kuixing Yuanqu, overlooking the mountains and rivers of turtles, birds and feathers, using the palm of your hand to create words, the sky is rainy millet, ghosts cry at night, Long Yin. "
"... In society, Cang Xie is not the only one. Some have carved a little picture on the hilt, and some have painted some pictures on the portal. Soul mates, word of mouth, words spread, and once historians collect them, you can perfunctorily take notes. I'm afraid the origin of China characters can't escape this example. "Lu Xun talks about foreign languages.
"The written language of any nation, like language, is gradually nurtured and selected by the working people from scratch, from less to more, from repeated attempts to conventions. It is by no means a product of one person. " Guo Moruo: Dialectical Development of Ancient Chinese Characters
The Legend of Cangjie's Word-making
On one occasion, the army of the Yellow Emperor and the army of Chiyou were inextricably linked. The Yellow Emperor was going to change his strategy and told Cang Xie to bring a battle map. When Cang Xie touched it, the battle map he carried with him had been lost. The yellow emperor was angry and anxious, so he had to retire temporarily.
The Yellow Emperor said to Cang Xie, "You are the smartest minister around me. How did you lose the battle map in "Do or die"? " ? What a big mistake this is! Cang Xie replied, "Huangdi, there are many people and many things, so we should always fight. It is difficult to take notes by knotting ropes and carving wood numbers. If this continues, there will be more troubles in the future. " The Yellow Emperor asked, "What should I do?" Cang Xie said, "If there is a painting, everyone in the world can understand what it means by looking at it. Use this picture to show what you want to say, and people will do what you want. "The Yellow Emperor thought what he said was very reasonable, so he said," Well, don't fight with the army in the future, just stay and draw pictures and make words for us! " "
This stumped Cang Xie. How to make pictures and words? He meditated all day. Half a year has passed, and it is already winter. Cang Xie hasn't found a way to make Chinese characters. One night, there was a heavy snow. Cang Xie got up early in the morning and went hunting in the mountains. I see all the mountains and plains are covered with snow, and all the mountains and trees are covered with snow. Cang Xie turned a mountain and didn't see a prey. Just about to go back down the mountain, suddenly two pheasants jumped out of the Woods and foraged in the snow. After the pheasant passed by, it left two long lines of paw prints on the snow. Then, two fawns also ran out of the Woods and found that people ran away, leaving fawn footprints in the snow. Cang Xie was so absorbed that he completely forgot to hunt. He compared the paw prints of pheasants and deer and found that they were different in shape. So he thought, printing chicken feet is called chicken, and printing deer feet is called deer. Anything in the world, as long as you draw its hieroglyphs, becomes words! Thought of here, Cang Xie be elated, after returning, he reported his ideas to the Yellow Emperor. After hearing this, the Yellow Emperor smiled and said, "I told you, you are a smart man, and it really happens. All right! You can make words according to the pictographs of the mountains, rivers, sun, moon, birds and animals in the world, and I will promulgate the world. " From then on, Cang Xie looked up at the sun, the moon and the stars every day, looked down at the birds, animals and mountains, and created hieroglyphics. Soon, people, hands, sun, moon, stars, cows, sheep, horses, chickens and dogs were all created. But there are more and more hieroglyphs, where to write them? Writing on the stone tip is too heavy to carry, writing on the board is too heavy, and writing on the hide is not appropriate, which once again tripped Cang Xie. One day, a man caught a chinemys reevesii by the river and asked Cang Xie to write Chinese characters for it. Cang Xie looked at the turtle carefully and found that there were Fang Gezi arranged neatly on its back, so he made a word "turtle" according to its hieroglyphics. Then he carved the words Fang Gezi on the turtle's back. The tortoise felt pain because of the words on his back, so he climbed into the river unprepared. Three years later, this turtle with words on its back was caught in another place. People told Cang Xie that the words carved on the turtle's back had not been washed away by water, but had grown up and the handwriting was more obvious. ...
From then on, Cang Xie ordered people to catch turtles and take them away. He carved all the hieroglyphics he created on the Fang Gezi of the tortoise shell, and then strung them together with ropes to give them to the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor was very happy to see it and ordered people to collect it well, which made great contributions to Cang Xie. Legend has it that since then, our Chinese nation has had the earliest hieroglyphs and Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
Interesting discussion on the appendix text
A scholar who studies Chinese characters told me that Cang Xie is too great. The hieroglyphics he created have the same meaning for thousands of years, and the ancients and ordinary people can understand them at a glance. As far as the word "goodness" is concerned, men and women are not only lovers, but also include the philosophy that yin and yang attract each other, and that solitary yin is not born and solitary yang is not long. Look how great the word "Xi" is! Throughout the ages, men and women have been talking about love. In addition to hugging, they have been mouth to mouth and making out. Modern times call it kissing. Mr Cang Xie may have coined the word "Xi" according to this pictographic principle. As for the others, there are many others, such as Lu Er, Huo San, Qi Si, Lei San, Chu Er, Surrender II, Zhong San, Erh Lin, Sen San and Yan Er. Couplets with a combination of words are even more wonderful:
The "good" girl next to the "spring" of Baishui is more "wonderful"
The withered old wood under the rock is called "firewood"
However, later generations said that Cang Xie made thousands of pictographs, but he made two typos. This is "Chu" and "Chong", because two mountains are "Chong". In terms of reasoning, it seems to have some truth. Do you know that there is nothing wrong with the earliest pictograph "Chu"? The standardized word "Chu" is only an imaginative reasoning about the post-world.
During the period of the Yellow Emperor, shells were used as the "currency" for commodity exchange. Later, it was found that metal was the most valuable, so gold and silver were used as monetary commodities for money. You don't know how much effort Cang Xie put into creating the word "money"! Cang Xie believes that "money" is the lifeblood of a country, which must be strictly guarded and guarded by weapons. Whoever steals money will be beheaded. So, Cang Xie made two words "Ge" on the right side of the word "Qian", which is how to write the word "Qian". He warned people not to be greedy for money, not to forget profit and righteousness, not to make ill-gotten gains, and to be careful about beheading. Cang Xie is stricter about the word "profit" and "name". He said that mature seedlings must be harvested with a knife. In order to protect the seedlings and prevent others from stealing, you must take care of them with a copper knife. The word "profit" came into being. As for the word "fame", Cang Xie thinks that a person will struggle all his life, and when he achieves something, he will be old and weak, or have been dying for a long time. At this time, we must pay attention to keeping the evening festival. As the saying goes: "People are afraid of being famous, while pigs are afraid of being strong." Be sure to remember the saying "disaster comes from the mouth". Therefore, Cang Xie combined the words "Xi" and "Kou" to create a name. Since then, some people have made a fortune by being famous; Some people do whatever it takes to become famous. As a result, they lose their posts, go to prison and kill their heads. The so-called "famous all over the world", "famous all over the world", "well-deserved reputation", "fame and fortune", "notoriety" and "misnomer" all ended up in one way or another.
Although Cang Xie created so many words for the Chinese nation, one word stumped Cang Xie. This is "?" The word "enough". What's in the world? How about (enough)? Cang Xie pondered for a long time, but he didn't think of it. Cang Xie had to consult the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor thought for a moment and said, "No amount of civil materials (water, fire and soil in Jin Mu) is enough. Only redundant words and articles, even half a sentence, are enough! " As soon as Cang Xie heard an epiphany, he put "?" And "enough"
Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said in a poem that "friends only have a thousand glasses of wine, and lovers have more than half a sentence". Reflected the thoughts of the Yellow Emperor. When Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty compiled the Kangxi dictionary, he put "?" And the word "enough" are included in the dictionary as common words. It continues to this day.
China's Chinese characters have many strokes, but they are very reasonable. Chinese characters were simplified as early as 800 years ago. There were few simplified Chinese characters at that time, so I was cautious. Most people can accept it. For example, a scholar in Taiwan Province Province told me: I agree with Chinese mainland to simplify Chinese characters with both hands, but I don't agree to simplify it rashly, but simplify it for the sake of simplification. He cited four examples and said: the word "pro" was simplified to the word "see", and pro was never seen again; The word "love" is simplified to "heart", and then love is ruthless; The word "production" is simplified to the word "health". Without products, the factory is naturally empty. This led to "no relatives, heartless love, no children, and empty factories." 1995, a university professor in Beijing wrote an article advocating recognizing traditional Chinese characters, using simplified Chinese characters and combining learning with application. Get people's approval
Located in Guduipo Village, Yucheng County, Henan Province, Cangjie Tomb was built in Han Dynasty. At present, there is a hall rebuilt in the ninth year of Kangxi, which is a three-door building, decorated with open columns and wood carvings, purlins and beams, and eight bricks are buckled on the top. There is a tall statue of Cang Xie in the temple, in front of which Confucius worships. Zhu Ming wrote, "The ancestor of articles in the world and the head of calligraphers in ancient and modern times", and each temple has a room. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit. The scenic spot covers an area of 100 mu, and it is planned to have six major functional areas: Yi Yin Temple, Yi Yin Museum, Yi Yin Cemetery, Flower Theater, Folk Art School and Culinary Medicine School. There are three scenic spots open to the outside world: Yi Yin Temple, Yi Yin Mausoleum and Huaxilou. Yi Yin was born in Kongsang (now Luoyang) and was named Yi Yin because he lived in Yishui. It turned out to be the kitchen slave of the Xin family, and later it was a teacher, both a chef and the daughter of the Xin family. He is diligent in knowledge, ambitious and good at cooking, and has developed a "soup" made of pottery for cooking Chinese medicine.
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Shang Tang heard that he wanted to be hired as one of his own, but the Xin family kept him. Tang proposed marriage, and Shen's wife, Yutang, took Yi Yin as a courtier. Tang Zhi knew that Yi Yin was proficient in running the country, so he let him run the country. Yi Yin assisted Shang Tang to establish Shang Dynasty in Xia Jie, and honored Yi Yin as Ah Heng (equivalent to the prime minister). After the death of Tang Dynasty, Yi Yin successively assisted four emperors, Wedge, Zhongzhu and Taijia Woding, who all died at the age of 100. Woding buried Yi Yin here as a gift of the emperor. Later generations called Yi Yin the originator of China cooking, a great pharmacologist in the history of traditional medicine in China, and the founder of "Tang Yao". He was not only the first slave-born prime minister in China, but also the founding father of Shang Dynasty and a famous minister in the history of China. There are nearly 200 Tang Zhi Cooper plants in Yi Yin Cemetery, which are vigorous and luxuriant. The largest one can only be embraced by three people. Legend has it that Berlin was once captured by Cheng's troops. Cheng He (Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty) was sworn brothers. Wei Zhi was buried 400 meters away from Yi Yin's tomb after his death. Cheng led the troops to fight here, and he was very sad to hear that his eldest brother was buried here. He led the troops to plant Berlin overnight as a memorial. Because of the military emergency, at night, he mistook Yi Yin's tomb for Wei Zhi's and planted cypress trees around Yi Yin's tomb. The county is not on a line, and the density is different. Few people can count it. Famous cypress trees include bird cypress crossing the river, acacia cypress, mother cypress, dragon cypress, Wang cypress, arhat cypress and so on.