In a word, Wang Yangming occupies a very important position in the history of China's philosophical thought.
Think about it. Confucius is famous all over the world. He is the spokesman of China's cultural history for thousands of years. The person who can compete with it is definitely not the same person. Wang Yangming's theory even influenced Japan, which is more than enough to illustrate his extraordinary thinking.
Wang Yangming
Wang Yangming's famous platform has long been heard. But I didn't know his deeds and thoughts until Bilai.
I think Wang Yangming-Wang Shouren, who has made such great achievements, is indeed an extraordinary person. He should be a genius who comes out once every few hundred years.
Legend has it that Wang Yangming's mother gave birth to him after 14 months of pregnancy, and he didn't speak until he was 5 years old.
"Five years of silence", after five years old, was rectified as soon as it was said. Perhaps this is the so-called "deep hidden if empty". After he could speak, he immediately expressed his wisdom. He not only dabbles in general, but also knows what to learn.
1 1 years old, when grandpa took him to Beijing to meet his father's trip to the Grand Canal, Wang Yangming went to the world and wrote a poem that touched the world. Some people doubt this, thinking that it was written in advance. So I gave him a new question. However, Wang Yangming still wrote an article that almost made the world lose its chin.
the unity of knowing and doing
There is another interesting thing about Wang Yangming's childhood.
Once he was playing chess with his friends by the river and forgot to go home for dinner because he was too involved. His mother told him to go back several times, but he didn't respond. She was so angry that she grabbed the chess pieces and threw them into the river. At this moment, Wang Shouren just woke up from a rude awakening, and it's a pity to shout through the ceiling. Best of all, he also wrote a poem on the spot: "chess is fun in hand, and once it is difficult to get rid of it, it will undoubtedly lose." The soldiers fell into the river without rescue, and the generals drowned together. Horses follow the waves for thousands of miles, scholars chase the waves for three rivers, and guns ring at Liuhe earthquake, which seems to have something on their minds. "
Wang Yangming's poems
This poem is wonderful. It is called "crying chess poem" by later generations.
Cultivate and strengthen the magical intelligence in your heart.
Although Wang Yangming was brilliant, his life was bumpy.
At the age of thirteen, his mother Zheng died, which was a blow to him. But since he was a child, he has high aspirations and great inspiration. He disagreed with everyone and thought that "the imperial examination is not the first priority", and the most important thing in the world is to study, so as to become a saint.
At that time, the country's political affairs were decadent and there were many righteous teachers. When he was a teenager, he vowed to study the art of war and be loyal to his country. He not only studied sages and the art of war, but also practiced magic, especially archery. At the age of fifteen, he began to advise the country. He wrote to the emperor many times and put forward suggestions to suppress the peasant uprising.
At the age of 28, he was admitted to the Jinshi examination, was awarded the official position of the Ministry of Punishment, and began his official career.
A Cave in Longchang, xiuwen county City, Guizhou Province
At that time, because eunuch Liu Jin mastered the power of state affairs, he ordered the detention of more than 20 people, including Nanjing official Dai. Wang Yangming's dissatisfaction with this letter angered Liu Jin. He was beaten forty times and demoted to Longchang Post Office in xiuwen county, Guizhou Province as a post office. Father Wang Hua was also dragged out of Beijing. Not only that, Liu Jin also sent people to kill him on the road in an attempt to kill him. He had to pretend to dive before he escaped.
After coming to Longchang, an uncivilized place where ethnic minorities live together, Wang Yangming did not lose heart. Because of his patience in teaching, he is very popular with the public. It was in this "exile" period that he got a new understanding of the sage books he had learned before. His book "The Heavenly Stripes Show the Life in the Dragon Field"-known as the Dragon Field Enlightenment in history.
On this basis, Wang Yangming's theory of "mind" was born. The key points of this theory are: "mind is reason", "unity of knowledge and action" and "to conscience".
Wang Yangming
Specifically, it is:
1. Nothing outside the heart. What a person sees, hears, thinks and thinks-everything in your mind constitutes your "heart" world. This is also "rational outside the heart, unreasonable outside the heart, nothing outside the heart, nothing outside the heart"
2. Unity of knowledge and action. "The knower begins to do what he knows, and the walker achieves what he knows: it takes only one effort to learn from the saints, and to know and do two things with the Buddhist elements." After gaining "conscience" through self-reflection, we must put it into action. This is the foundation of being a man. Knowing and doing must be unified.
3. For conscience. The so-called conscience, my understanding is what Mencius said, "human nature is good." Everyone who comes into the world is a kind person and has compassion. In other words, the basic judgment of the heart on good and evil is the basic function of brain generation. Those "evils" such as greed, desire and vanity are blinded by kindness. The so-called "to conscience" is to take over the guidance of conscience-morality at all times through self-cultivation and reflection.
Wang Yangming's calligraphy
Wang Yangming's theory of mind tells us that life is not only a material feast, but also a spiritual practice. If everyone has the "knowledge" and "action" to become a saint, our world will be doubly wonderful.
A military wizard who won three counter-rebellions.
Throughout Wang Yangming's life, besides being promoted by the imperial court, he spent most of his time giving lectures. His proteges are all over the country, and his knowledge is also famous abroad.
However, as an official, he was forced to be appointed by the imperial court to fight against bandits or counter-insurgency, which showed his extraordinary military talents to the world and left a brilliant page in his life.
Wang Yangming's protege
Because Wang Qiong, the minister of the Ministry of War, appreciated Wang Yangming very much, he was introduced as Zhang Ting, the left and the right censor of Douchayuan and the governor of Nangan. Since then, Wang Yangming's military journey has been started.
At that time, horses were heard everywhere in the central area. Xie, Chi Zhongrong, Chen Yueneng, Gao Kuaima, Gong Fuquan, Zhan Shifu and others occupied the hills and looted the counties. Wang Yangming heard that there were thieves in the government. He pardoned the gangsters and asked them to spy on the spy. 15 17 In the first month of the year, he led his troops to retreat, only to find that the enemy attacked, breaking more than 40 villages and killing more than 7,000 prisoners. From July to 10, it invaded Dayu, Zuoxi and Hengshui, killing more than 6,000 prisoners. Then he returned to Ganzhou and killed more than 2,000 people. People exclaimed that Wang Yangming was a god of war. He is known as the "traitor expert soldier" because of his bizarre and arbitrary tactics.
Ning Wang Zhu launched a mutiny in Nanchang. When the news reached the capital, Wang Qiong, the minister of the Ministry of War, said with great confidence: "Where Wang Bo is in Jiangxi, he will definitely catch the traitor."
Wang Yangming
At that time, Wang Yangming was preparing to go to Fujian. Go to Fengcheng to get the news of the mutiny. He immediately recruited volunteers and launched a conquest movement. He gathered soldiers, reserves, weapons and ships in Yichun. Wang Yangming has been familiar with the art of war since childhood and knows that "all is fair in war." So he posted false articles everywhere to doubt Zhu, claiming that the imperial court sent troops to add local troops160,000, and designed Zhu's military adviser to persuade him to attack Nanjing. In the shadow of Wang Yangming, Zhu finally led the army to Nanjing. At this point, Wang Shouren took Nanchang, Zhu's lair, and forced Zhu Huiyuan. In the end, the two sides fought a decisive battle in Poyang Lake. After three days of hard fighting, Wang Ning was defeated and captured.
1527, Guangxi minority leaders Lu Su and Wang Shou rebelled. Wang Yangming was sent to quell the chaos again. When Wang Yangming's army arrived, two rebel leaders heard that he had the ability to quell horse thieves and rebellion, and they immediately fell to their knees in fear. The two also volunteered to lead the loyalist to suppress bandits.
Wang Yangming and his protege
Then all the troops were attacked from all directions. The rest of the rebels retreated from the northwest, defended the mountains and built a village in danger. Wang Yangming's secret forces split their troops to suppress, and the government forces climbed the Muyuan Cliff to attack, finally defeating the enemy who was in danger and quickly eradicating the bandits in Guangxi.
Apart from Wang Yangming's familiarity with the art of war as a teenager, his continuous military success is inseparable from his talented brain. He can analyze the situation of bandits or rebels in detail, accept differences naively, and finally win a great victory.