-Song Luyou's poem "Traveling to Shanxi Village": Don't laugh at peasant wine, keep chickens and dolphins in good years. There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay.
The day of playing flute and drums is approaching, and the villagers are still dressed simply. From now on, if you take the moon leisurely, the staff will knock on the door all night.
2. People gradually feel unfamiliar with the local accent, but they hate the warbler sound like Laoshan. -Tang Sikong's poem "Schumann": I have been idle for a long time and I have worked hard to stay in Qin Guan.
Everyone gradually feels strange in the local accent, but they hate the sound of the old mountain. I often hear that my old friend died, but I just feel that there are many teenagers in front of me.
-Tang Bai Juyi's poem "Elegy": The bald head is newly washed and rubbed, and the old man is forced to do nothing. I often hear the news of my old friend's death, but I only feel that there are many teenagers in front of me.
Saihong is warm, it will return to its wings, and the river will ebb because of the tide. You can't leave your face, you are drunk and sad.
Lin Jing is famous for its noise, but Jing Qing is famous for its smell. -Tang Juyi's full poem "Two years into the summer, I heard the new cicada give me a dream": Being away from you for ten years often makes me feel that the new cicada is singing.
This year * * * you listen, in Luoyang city. Lin Jing is famous for its noise, but Jing Qing is famous for its smell.
A cool breeze suddenly rolled up, and Qiu Si was first born in autumn. The lace of the residual hibiscus stands, and the shade of the old pagoda tree falls.
Although there is no hatred, I still love each other for many years. I am glad that I am not deaf. I hear this voice every year.
5. Last night, the moon was as clear as water, and the entrance was only fragrant. -Tang Wei Zhuang's poem "Bai Mudan": I don't envy new makeup girls in my boudoir, but I am ashamed of Fu Fenlang in my stranger.
Last night, the moon was as bright as water, and it was fragrant when you got started. 6. Spring returns to infinite spring, and you are an adult.
-Don Lutong's poem "People Day beginning of spring": Spring returns to infinite spring, and people only become adults now. From now on, self-denial is enough, and the face and plum blossom should be rehabilitated.
7. There is one on the well in Du Jun, which makes the world feel different. -Tang Jiaoran's poem "Song of Lycium barbarum": Born in a natural place, it is not expensive.
There are roots in Du Jun's well, and I feel that there are many different people in the world. Drag the wire and hang the wire. You see, Pei Hui is full of He Shanshan.
Chunfeng also likes this thing very much. It smells good when rolled up. The wet clouds and leaves can't be put down, and the flowers in Cui Yu are surprised and lost.
May the desire for solitude be loose and not fade, and the emperor cannot be upright. I am a different generation, and I don't go against the trend.
A solitary pine is injured by an axe, and my soft branches are harmless. In the game of butter and tartar, I envy Zhan's heart and vulgarity.
Picking up incense, giving birth to shadows, and dispersing the wind will surely become a great instrument. At first, Fang felt guilty.
-Tang Song Wen Zhi's poem "Huansha Pian Lu Ren": Like a flower, the King of Yue smells Huansha. Guowei is not arrogant, and he is dedicated to Wu Gongwa.
Shimada Hanzo, the mountain scorpion, is more covered with radish. Practice a line of overbearing sentences, and then laugh.
Gorgeous colors are eye-catching and amazing. Once you return to your old capital, you will find beautiful makeup.
Birds are frightened into the net, but fish are afraid of sinking lotus flowers. At first, I thought I was wrong and Fang was evil.
Qin Zi has a profound meaning, and the world says "Oh". I am willing to say that I am pregnant with you, if it is like hemp.
I live in the Fisher & Payne area of Goggling. A drop of water and a feather account, a beautiful cloud car collects.
The spring breeze dances brightly, and the autumn moon entangles Hu Jia. From the past, I have devoted myself to love, being arrogant and extravagant.
Big Ben knows the sky and abandons the mud. Always cut paranoia, grow up and cultivate buds.
Take my concubine to stop my westward journey. 9. But birds have different voices. I don't know the same people.
-Tang Yongtao's poem "There is no shortage of autumn gardens with Liu": After nothing happens behind closed doors, this place is in the mountains. But birds have different voices, and I don't know the same people.
Flowers bloom in the evening as rain, and residual fruits fall due to the wind. Sitting alone drinking, poetry becomes wine.
10, Castle Peak can't be bypassed. Suddenly saw Qian Fan approaching.
-Wang Song Anshi's poem "On the River": The autumn shade in the north of the river is half open, and it is cloudy and rainy. Castle peak cannot be bypassed.
Suddenly saw Qian Fan approaching.
2. Han Yu (768~824) was a famous writer, thinker and educator in Tang Dynasty.
Back to Ci, Heyang people (now Henan Province) originated from Changli, Hebei Province, and were called Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department.
Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and put forward the literary proposition of "writing carries Tao". Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" in Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, he was listed as the first of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan, and was known as "a great writer" and "a scholar of one hundred generations".
Because he is enthusiastic about education, actively cultivates talents, and constantly explores theoretical issues related to education, especially in the field of education, he has written educational masterpieces such as "Teacher's Theory" and "Understanding of Learning", advocating respecting teachers, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, cultivating and selecting talents in an eclectic way, and exploring teaching methods, which are all very innovative, making him a famous educator in the Tang Dynasty. As a generation of educational theorists and practitioners, Han Yu summed up a set of effective teaching methods: (1) Applying what he has learned lies in diligence; (2) Seeking mastery on the basis of erudition; (3) Combining learning with originality, being diligent but not happy; What I did was thought, but it was destroyed.
-"Understanding of Learning" Li Shimin Taizong Li Shimin (599~649) was a great strategist, outstanding politician, famous theorist, calligrapher and poet. It can be called "an emperor through the ages."
Emperor Taizong risked his life to establish the Tang Dynasty. After he ascended the throne, he unified China, resisted foreign aggression, and pursued the policy of "one family for foreigners and Han people", which made great contributions to promoting national unity.
During his reign, he enjoyed social stability, economic prosperity and strong military strength. Later generations called his rule in Zhenguan period "Zhenguan rule".
In education, he respected Confucianism and advocated Zhou and Confucius. Confucius is a saint and Yan Hui is a teacher.
Emperor Taizong attached importance to the development of education and schools. He believes that the prosperity of education leads to the prosperity of the country, and the decline of education leads to the decline of the country.
Visit Guo Zi School, watch the "hangover" ceremony and listen to the classics. Attach importance to the selection of all kinds of teachers and hire famous Confucian scholars as academic officers.
Expand the enrollment quota as much as possible, so that many children of cloth landlords can also get the opportunity to study in this school, and actively accept foreign students to study in Tang. Because Emperor Taizong attached importance to education, he presented a grand occasion with a rich style of study.
"Take copper as a mirror, and you can dress; Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror and you can know the gains and losses. " Liu Zongyuan (773-819) thick.
Hedong (now yongji city) in Tang Dynasty was a writer, philosopher and politician, and was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Together with Han Yu, he advocated the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty and called it "Liu Han".
His achievements in writing are greater than his poems. There are nearly a hundred parallel essays, which are argumentative, sharp, sarcastic and spicy, full of fighting, and travel notes are written about mountains and rivers, which are mostly entrusted.
In addition to his literary achievements, Liu Zongyuan is also a famous thinker. He opposed providence, destiny and the theory of heaven, criticized theology and emphasized personnel. Liu Zongyuan also turned his criticism of theology into a criticism of politics. He developed ancient naive materialism's atheism to a new height and was an outstanding thinker in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Representative works: Jiang Xue, Fisherman, Snake Catcher, The Story of Little Stone Pond, etc. There are no birds in the hundreds of mountains in Jiang Xue, and there are no footprints in thousands of roads.
A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice. Liu Yuxi (772-842), a poet and philosopher in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, said that his ancestral home was Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province) and he was named Lushan in his later years.
He advocated political innovation and was one of the core figures in Wang's political innovation activities. Actively learn from folk songs in literary creation, and learn from Bashu folk songs in style, which is implicit, simple and beautiful. His poems are fresh and natural, healthy and lively, and full of life interest.
His satirical poems often use allegorical excuses to attack and suppress the innovative dignitaries in Yongzhen, which involves a wide range of social phenomena. In his later years, his style became more subtle, and his satire showed no trace.
Representative works: Humble Room Ming, Old Time Thoughts of Xibao Mountain, etc. The humble mountain is not high and has a fairy name; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit.
I am a humble room, but I am virtuous. The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green.
There is no Ding Bai who laughs and has a university. You can tune the pipa and read Jin Dian.
There is no confusion, and there is no complicated form. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in West Shu.
Kong Ziyun: "What's the matter?" Li Jing (57 1-649), a Chinese medicine pharmacist, was a great strategist and military theorist in the Tang Dynasty. Feng Weiguo, also known as Li Weiguo.
He is good at strategy and fighting, and has written several art books, most of which have been lost. Works: Emperor Taizong's question about Li, Li's art of war, and Li Jing's mirror of the six armies.
Li Jing was born in an official family. Since he was a child, he has been "literary and skillful" and is quite enterprising. He once said to his father, "when a gentleman meets, he will make meritorious deeds to get money." His uncle Han Qinhu was a famous soldier in the Sui Dynasty. Every time I talk to him about military affairs, he applauds and says, "I can only compete with my grandson and Wu Zhi."
If you teach it, you will be happy to use it; If you can't teach, it's useless to blame. Wei Zhi, a native of Jianzhou (now Jiange County, Guangyuan City), was an outstanding politician and thinker in the Tang Dynasty.
Wei Zhi was smart, studious and ambitious since childhood. However, due to his poor family, he was unable to display his talents. When I was young, I became a monk, traveled around the world, studied under famous teachers and read widely.
At the end of Sui Dynasty, he joined the Wagang Army, and Shimi was defeated and surrendered to the Tang Dynasty. After returning to the Tang Dynasty, he followed Li to wash the horse for the prince.
After Emperor Taizong acceded to the throne, he was appointed as an ancient adviser. Later, he served as secretary supervisor, participated in the pre-government, and sealed Zheng Guogong.
Emperor Taizong once asked Wei Zhi, "What is a wise monarch and what is a dark monarch?" Wei Zhi went on to say, "You are smart because you listen to it, and you are dark because you believe in it." This wise saying.
He repeatedly advised Emperor Taizong to take the death of the Sui Dynasty as a mirror, comparing the relationship between the monarch and the people to the relationship between the boat and the water, and put forward: "Jun, the boat is also; People, water also. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. "
Song Jing (A.D. 663-738), whose ancestral home was Guangping, was a famous politician in the Tang Dynasty. He is a scholar in a weak position, who has served as an imperial adviser, assistant minister of the official department, minister of the official department and minister of the criminal department. In the seventeenth year of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 729), he worshipped the right prime minister of Shangshu.
52 years in office. In the appointment of talents, it is proposed that anyone should be appointed "although he knows the way of college entrance examination, those who fail will not be selected"
All his life, he made concerted efforts with Yao Chong to revitalize the Tang Dynasty and turn internal troubles into foreign invasion.
After careful reading, we can find that the first sentence of many poems is the same. List the following prefixes first, please write 1. Looking at the waterfall hanging in Qianchuan. Distant knowledge is not snow.
The spring breeze has never crossed Yumen Pass. In the spring morning, I woke up easily.
3. A boat and a bamboo cloak. The lonely sail is far away, and the blue sky is near.
The mountains cover the white sun. White hair three thousands of feet.
5. The apes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are crying. Two orioles sing green willows.
6. An old man was fishing in the cold river snow. Be a lonely stranger in a foreign land.
7. Look two or three miles at a glance. A line of egrets rose into the sky.
8. Blow open the petals of ten thousand pear trees. There are no birds in the mountains.
9. A thousand roads without footprints. Colorful is always spring.
Among the poems written, we found a complete ancient poem entitled "(Jiang Xue)" written by a poet in the Tang Dynasty (Liu Zongyuan). The first two sentences of this poem describe the background, in which (Qianshan) and (Wanjing) highlight the vastness of the background, while (Birds fly away) and (People disappear) render the background cold and sad. The last two sentences focus on shaping the image of a fisherman fishing alone in the cold river. (A boat, a bamboo cloak) describes his appearance, (An old man fishing in the cold Jiang Xue) describes his spirit. The whole poem fully shows the author's character (although he is lonely after Yongzhen's failure in innovation, he is still indomitable).
4. Read ancient poems and write your findings. Master Joe is a hero, but he seems to have died in Yanmenguan!
The picture in front of us is: crossing the source of the Yellow River, standing outside Yumenguan, surrounded by mountains, there is only an isolated city in Liangzhou, with white clouds above Wan Li and yellow sand at the foot. Listening to the sound of Qiang flute in the distance, it seems to be complaining that the willows are blocking the spring breeze of Yumenguan.
Bai Juyi's Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple
This is a travel poem.
Ten-year-old poets Tang Chaoyuan and Bai Juyi were demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for exceeding their authority. On April 9th, in the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), they went to visit Dalin Temple at the top of Lushan Mountain with Master Fayin and his newly-built love poem thatched cottage 17 friends. When they set foot on the boundary of Dalin Temple, they strongly felt that the climate here was completely different from that at the foot of the mountain. At this time, it is the end of spring, and the peach blossoms under Lushan Mountain have withered, but the peach blossoms here are in bud, as if they were back in early spring and February. Bai Juyi was deeply attracted by the spring scenery in front of him. He was filled with emotion, as if he had met a bosom friend, and casually recited seven quatrains: "In April, the world was beautiful everywhere, and the mountain temple blossomed. I hate that spring is nowhere to be found and I don't know where to go. " Bai Juyi enjoyed the peach blossom with great interest, and then wrote down the word "flower diameter". Since then, people have called the place where Bai Juyi enjoyed peach blossoms in those days "Bai Sima Flower Road".
According to the significance of these two poems to spring, I find that spring is like an affectionate woman, wandering outside Yumenguan, unable to enter, like a confidante, leaving and never meeting.
5. Do you find the similarities and differences between words and poems? Ancient poems generally have strict rules. Some modern poems are already very casual, with various forms, and some are even bizarre, resulting in many "fake poems".
I remember someone sarcastically said: writing a sentence into a few lines is called poetry? The key to judging the standard of a poem is to look at its aesthetic feeling and poetry. Of course, the language should be concise, and we often say that some prose is like poetry, which is also the reason. But in modern times, the boundaries between prose, prose poetry and poetry have been blurred in some cases. As you said above, I don't think it is necessary to regard it as prose. It is of little significance to distinguish between poetry and non-poetry at this time.
Poetry 1, the definition of poetry: < 1 > Ci Hai is the earliest literary genre. It expresses social life and people's spiritual world with concise language, rich feelings and rich imagination according to certain syllables, tones and rhythms.
< 2 > Modern Chinese Dictionary: A literary genre that reflects life and expresses feelings through rhythmic language. 2. Definition and interpretation of poetry (according to modern Chinese dictionary) (1) prosodic language. Old-style poetry has strict requirements in rhythm and prosody.
Especially in Tang poetry and Song poetry, there are strict rules on the number of words, the level of words, antithesis, allusion and rhyme. ① Rhythm (or beat): refers to the priority and cadence of sound, which is mainly manifested in the intermittent pause of tone.
△ Wang Wei's "Acacia": Red beans/born in the south, spring comes/sends a few branches. I wish you/get together more and more, this thing/is the most lovesick.
△ Du Mu's Qingming: Qingming/season/rain, road/pedestrian/desire to break the soul. Excuse me, where is the/restaurant/shepherd boy/Yaozhi/Xinghua Village?
Poetry can have no strict rhythm, but it must have a distinct rhythm. Guo Moruo said: "Poetry is not without rhythm."
(2) Rhythm: refers to the flat pattern and prosodic rules in poetry. Ci Hai refers to the rhyme and rhythm in poetry.
△ Pingping: There are four tones in ancient Chinese: Pingping, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone (now entering tone has disappeared in Putonghua). According to the four tones of modern Chinese (except suicide), it can be divided into flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone. There is also an entering tone in the singing of Beijing Opera: Street.
The characteristics of flat tone: flat tone: gentle and long; Silence: short and urgent. The use of flat and even words can make poetry have a strong sense of rhythm.
When singing, the drawl can only be dragged until it is flat. For example, the "bright" in the lyrics "The Moon on the 15th" falls on Liang Yin. △ rhyme: refers to the same or similar vowels at the end of some sentences in poetry, which makes the tone harmonious and beautiful.
Generally, the first sentence can be bet or not. There are some lines in this new poem that rhyme or not.
Example: Wang Zhihuan's poem: △ "Lodging in the Heron": The mountains cover the daytime, and the ocean drains the golden river. By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
△ "Liangzhou Ci": The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and Wan Ren Mountain is an isolated city. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
(2) Reflect life ① Reflect working life: △ Ancient proverb: Broken bamboo, continued bamboo. Fly the soil and eat meat.
△ "The Book of Songs: Cutting Tan" Kan Kan cut Tan, and the river dried up. The river is clear and blue.
No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops, no crops. No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county in Hu Zhaner's court? He is a gentleman, he is not a vegetarian! ② Reflect the newlyweds of social Shijie officials △ Three History of Du Fu △ Tongguan officials △ Three Farewells △ Du Fu's Famous Sentences △ Du Fu's Famous Sentences △△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△△Du Fu's "Soldiers Go East": "Car, each of you has a bow and an quiver on your belt.
My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao. They shouted as they ran, pulling your sleeve, and their sad voices floated to the sky ... "△ 《 The Book of Songs 》
Yellow sand wears golden armor for nothing, but broken loulan will not be returned. (2) The desert is dusty and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen.
The former army fought in Taohe River overnight and reported that Gu Hun had been captured alive. △ Wang Changling's "Out of the Fort": The moon passes through Qin, and the people on the Long March have not returned.
If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan. △ William Wang's Liangzhou Ci: A glowing glass of wine urges you to drink pipa immediately.
Don't cry when you are drunk on the battlefield. The ancients fought several times. ④ Reflect love life: △ Guanluo △ Peacock flies southeast △ Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang in Li Ji ⑤ Reflect landscape and countryside: △ Tao Yuanming returns to the garden: beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass is full of beans and seedlings are sparse.
In the morning, it was ridiculous to go home with Dai Yue's hoe. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will. △ Tao Yuanming's sentence in "Drinking to build a house in a humanistic environment": "Take the East grave and see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. △ Wang Wei's "Weishui Farmhouse": Under the setting sun, cattle and sheep go home along the path.
A rugged old man stood at the door of the thatched cottage, waiting for Fei Jing with a cane. There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves.
The farmers who came back with hoes greeted each other cordially. No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, oh, back to the past! .
△ He Jingzhi's Guilin Landscape Song (3) Lyric: belinsky: "Emotion is the most important driving factor of poetry; Without feelings, there would be no poets and no poems. " Poetry expresses feelings in many ways: joy, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, fear and thinking.
Example: ① Happiness: Du Fu's "The banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army": Jibei suddenly spread from the Great Wall to the beginning, and I couldn't stop crying on my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
2 Anger: Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong": Angry and rushing to the crown, leaning against the bar and raining. Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce.
Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon. Don't wait to see young people's heads turn white, empty and sad.
Jingkang shame, still not snow; When will the courtiers regret it? Driving a long car, Helan Mountain is neglected.
Eat pork when you are hungry, and drink Hun blood when you are thirsty. Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky.
3 mourning: △ Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice": looking for it, cold and clear, sad and miserable. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold.
How can you beat him when you talk about wine with three cups and two lamps? It's too late to worry! Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance. △ Li Ying's mourning in January: Dear Premier Zhou, I can't go to the hospital to see you, so I have to stand quietly in the twilight of Chang 'an Avenue with a cold newspaper.
Any month's wind has lifted my hair, and the dim street lamps are shining with cold tears ... ④ always in my heart's wife thought: △ Li Qingzhao's "Point your lower lip and miss your boudoir": "Lonely boudoir, one inch of sorrow.
6. After careful reading, you can find that the first sentence of many poems is the same. First, list the following prefixes. Please dial 1 respectively. Looking at the waterfall in Qianchuan from a distance, it is not snow from a distance. 2. The spring breeze is just like Yumen Pass. In the spring morning, I woke up easily. 3. A boat and a bamboo cloak. The lonely sail is far from the blue sky. The mountains cover the white sun. White hair three thousands of feet. 5. The apes on both sides of the strait kept crying. Two orioles sing green willows. 6. An old man was fishing in the cold river snow. Be a stranger in a foreign land. 7. Thousands of reds are always spring. In the poem we are writing, we find a complete ancient poem. The title of this poem is "(Jiang Xue)" and the author is (Liu Zongyuan). The first two sentences of this poem describe the background, in which the words (Qianshan) and (Wanjing) highlight the vastness of the background, and the words (Birds fly away) and (People disappear) are rendered.