What is the meaning of "sharp front, center, hidden front, exposed front, forward, counter-front, folded front and belt front" in calligraphy?

These are all brushwork. There are also two good explanations, the tip is written in the tip of the pen and the center is written in the middle of the brush. For example, "Wild Grass" basically uses these two brushstrokes. Other brushwork must be combined with diagrams to make it clear. There are some teaching videos on the Internet for reference.

Press and hide dew.

Raising pressure with a pen is a concrete way to disperse the weight of stippling. Lift lightly, and press heavily. Pointing changes from light to heavy, and the pen changes from lifting to pressing; Dot from heavy to light, and then press and lift with a pen. There is no fixed law between lifting and pressing, and they are all relative. The size of the pen is different, the thickness of stippling is different, and the range of lifting is different. Pressure is not reflected in simple pen-lifting, but only in mutual comparison or tangible stippling. Soft pressure is a lifting relative to heavy pressure, and low pressure is a pressing relative to high pressure. Some stippling is performed before pressing, and some stippling is performed after pressing. Some words are mentioned less and less, while others are mentioned more and more. Lifting and pressing is the basic method of using a pen. What needs to be further explained is that lifting is more important and more difficult than pressing. If you can bear it, you can use the pen more flexibly and adjust the front more conveniently and accurately.

Hiding dew is also two basic ways to use a pen. Hiding is a brushwork in which there is no sharp point at the beginning or end of stippling (the pen tip is hidden in stippling by rewinding), or it is called "hiding the head to protect the tail". Such stippling looks dignified and subtle. The exposed front is opposite to the hidden front, which makes the stippling straight in and out. This kind of painting with a pen is straightforward, bold and elegant. Tibetan front is the beginning and end of stippling, mostly the reverse peak and the back peak; The dew peak goes in and out with the front.

Center and winger

The center and flank refer to the position where the pen tip walks in stippling when writing. The center is near the pen tip, and the side is on the side of stippling. The pen used in the center is sent in the opposite direction of the pen movement direction, that is, the back of the pen holder. In this way, strokes can be used together, and the pen center can be at the center line (or near the center line) of stippling. Pens with side strokes are sent out on one side of the pen container and travel in the same direction at the same time, some of which are like brooms sweeping the floor.

The stippling effect written by center and winger is different. The central stippling is thick, round and full of three-dimensional sense; The side stippling is thin, smooth and flat. This is because the center spreads the paper with the pen tip, and the ink injection is solid and fast, and the ink color on both sides of the stippling is uniform (relative). Also, due to the use of the cone and the front, the center line of stippling is stressed and more ink is injected, so stippling is round and has a three-dimensional effect with slightly shallow middle sides. Hold the paper with the belly of the pen before the side, and the pen tip falls to one side. The ink content of the pen tip is different from that of the pen belly, and the stress on both sides of stippling is also different, so there is a feeling of floating flat.

The center is the basic principle of using a pen, which is not easy through the ages. Gong Xian said: "The pen should be centered first, but being centered can learn from everyone." Du Qian said: "Writing a book is more expensive than being a center." Of course, we must inherit it. However, this is not a dead end. In writing, the role of flank should not be underestimated. As long as it is used well, it will add color to the text and even have a crisp and neat effect. As Feng Fang said: "The pen must be positive and not too embarrassed. The spirit of the Tibetan front and the spirit of the Tibetan front are the secrets of the ages. "