First of all, talk about textbooks.
1, teaching material analysis
Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection is a text in Unit 3, Compulsory 2 of the Curriculum Standard Experimental Textbook for Senior High Schools published by People's Education Press. This unit studies ancient landscape travel notes, mainly describing scenery and travel experiences. But in the objective description of natural scenery, lyric and reasoning are often combined; While recalling the success of the tour, I often pour my personal interests and feelings into the author. For example, Preface to Lanting Collection and A Journey to the Mountain of Baochan express the author's feelings about life and the world while describing the scenery; Fu on the Red Wall not only describes Jiang Yue, mountains and rivers, but also expresses feelings beyond things.
This preface is not only a treasure of calligraphy art, but also has unique value in thought and language. The two complement each other and establish the important position of * * * in the cultural history of China. As the preface of a book, the article describes the scenery and expresses the feelings of things in a narrative way. Talking about the author's view of life and death from an ordinary banquet criticizes the ideological tendency of the literati to advocate nothingness at that time, which makes the full text look extraordinary in conception.
2. Teaching objectives
The focus of this unit is to appreciate the natural beauty of mountains and rivers and the reasonable beauty of lyric friendship; The second is to taste beautiful sentences and feel the beauty of China's ancient language. Senior one students need to accumulate some knowledge of classical Chinese. According to the characteristics of this course and the actual situation of students, I have set the following teaching objectives:
(1) Knowledge goal: Understand the characteristics of the preface, master the meanings of notional words such as "Xiu, Qi, Lin and Ji", and the meanings of key function words such as "Zhi", "Yu", "Suo" and "Fu", and recite the full text.
(2) Ability goal: to experience the concise, beautiful, natural and fresh language of the article; With the help of annotations, we can dredge the meaning of the text, clarify the thinking structure of the article and improve the reading ability of classical Chinese;
(3) Emotional goal: to understand the emotional changes of the author from joy to sadness in the text, and to understand the positive emotions contained in the author's deep sigh.
3, said the teaching emphasis and difficulty.
Grasping the author's emotional changes, as well as understanding and mastering the common real words, function words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese, and reciting the full text are the teaching focuses of this paper.
In the third and fourth paragraphs of the text, the author's feelings change from joy to pain to sadness, and the discussion on human life and death is philosophical. Most students have not experienced life and death because of their shallow experience, so they can't understand the concept of life and death well. Therefore, it is a teaching difficulty to understand the emotional change from joy to sadness in the article and the positive emotion contained in the author's deep sigh.
Second, oral teaching methods
Teachers should carefully choose effective teaching methods based on the principles of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "teaching without distinction". Combining the teaching objectives, the characteristics of teaching materials and the actual situation of students, I am going to teach in two classes, using reading method and tutoring method.
1, reading method. Read it repeatedly on the basis of dredging the meaning of the text, so as to deeply understand the content of the article and understand the author's thoughts and feelings.
2. pointing method. The so-called "point" means to get to the point and grasp the point; The so-called "dialing" means dialing difficulties and removing obstacles. "Hugging" can inspire students' brains, think and learn independently, and give full play to teachers' guiding role and students' subjectivity. When studying this article, I mainly point out the difficult sentences and the clues of the author's emotional changes, so that students can better understand the text content.
Third, theoretical study.
The new curriculum standard of Chinese points out that "we should attach importance to students' practical activities and let students take the initiative to learn and explore in the teaching process." "Pay attention to language communication and spiritual communication between teachers and students. Attach importance to the study of students' thinking methods. "Based on this, I have determined the following learning methods and ability training:
1, circle, sketch and annotate, with the help of reference books and teaching material annotations, initially dredge the meaning of the text, strive for accurate and smooth translation, and cultivate students' ability to acquire knowledge independently;
2. Instruct students to read correctly. At the same time, in teaching, let students ask questions and ask each other difficult sentences in the form of group cooperation.
3. Summarize the special classical Chinese phenomena in the text by induction. Let students learn to systematically summarize the meaning and usage of common real words and function words, so that the knowledge they have learned is systematic and easy to remember and apply.
4. When reciting the text, students should be prompted to grasp the key words of emotional changes in the text, such as "music", "communication" and "sadness", so as to promote the understanding and recitation of the full text.
Fourth, the preparation of teaching AIDS.
1, tape recorder, text reading tape; 2. The calligraphy pictures of Lan Ting and Wang Xizhi.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) talks about teaching procedure.
(A) the story import
In the history of China's calligraphy, there is a mysterious treasure, which is the Preface to Lanting Collection written by Wang Xizhi. There are many legends about the whereabouts of this peerless treasure. The unified view is that it was brought into the mausoleum by Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. While accusing this selfish emperor, we can feel a little relieved, because there are still Lanting posts copied by Ou Yangxun and Chu Suiliang in the Tang Dynasty. While appreciating the beauty of calligraphy, we should not forget to appreciate the Lanting scenery described in his article, and savor the author's philosophy of life in the scenery. Let's learn the Preface to Lanting Collection, a masterpiece of the ages.
(2) Introduction of the author
After enjoying the illustration, show Wang Xizhi's other calligraphy works, so that students can intuitively feel the characteristics of his calligraphy. At the same time, introduce the characteristics of the author and the genre of the article, expand students' relevant knowledge, and complete the understanding of the preface characteristics in the teaching goal (1).
(C) overall perception, read the full text
Let the students pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation by playing the tape of text recitation, and get a preliminary feeling of the language characteristics of Preface to Lanting Collection. After listening to the tape, ask the students to read it again in chorus. The teacher will take the camera as a reading guide. This link is the implementation of teaching methods and learning methods.
(D) Group cooperation, paragraph by paragraph clear meaning.
By the four students * * * team cooperation, combined with the notes and reference books under the text independently dredge the meaning of the text, the teacher patrol instructions, such as the first paragraph:
1, "Yonghe is nine years old, and he was born in Guichou. In early spring, he will study in Lanting in Huiji Mountain." You should master the following notional words:
Hugh: Do it. Material: material, a kind of sacrifice. In ancient times, the "Si" Day in early March was regarded as the restoration day. In ancient times, it was a custom to go to the water's edge to wash and swim, and to hold a ceremony to pray for the disaster.
2. "A group of sages are complete, and a little salt gathers. There are mountains and mountains here, bamboo forests and Qingxi, reflecting the left and right. "
Bi: Both. Salt: Both. Repair: length and height. Tape: set off, surround.
3. "I think water is flowing, ranking second. Although there is no prosperity of silk and bamboo orchestras, it is enough to talk about love. "
Take it for granted: lead and guide. Quote (zhi), omit the object "zhi", and the clean stream is surging. Flow, float the cup on the water, follow the water, whoever flows in front will have wine to drink. Bend the water, and the diversion ring will be bent into a canal. Show pictures of winding water.
Sheng, grand. Jackal, an ancient drinking utensil, is interpreted as drinking here. (Nouns as verbs)
To praise or narrate with poetry, of poetry. Come, come.
4. "Today the weather is fine, the sky is clear and calm." Yes, the demonstrative pronoun, this. Huifeng, gentle wind.
5. "Looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the richness of categories is entertaining enough. I believe in Coke."
Category: refers to everything in nature. So for. Extremely tired. Entertainment, fun. Believe it, really.
The remaining paragraphs will not be repeated one by one. This class also allows students to find difficult sentences and discuss them with each other. Recommend a student to point out difficult sentences with questionable words, and the teacher will concentrate on explaining them. In this way, teachers focus on saving time and effort, and students actively participate and use their brains. In addition, it may be difficult for students to understand the word "flowing water" in the text, so show the pictures and materials about the Lanting gathering situation prepared before class, so that students can intuitively feel the natural beauty in the text, make the originally boring classroom lively and interesting through the combination of pictures and texts, and make the abstract background knowledge more intuitive and easy to understand. In the process of appreciation, students easily mastered the knowledge of classical Chinese. This not only achieved the teaching goal (1)(2)(3), but also broke through the key and difficult points, which is also the implementation of learning method.
(5) Summarize the assignment.
Summarize the situation of group cooperation to dredge the meaning of the text and assign homework: (1) Read the text carefully to find out the clues of the author's emotional changes; (2) Summarize the knowledge of classical Chinese in the text and finish exercise 2 after class. The accumulation of homework in the first class is essential for students with poor foundation, and it also cultivates students' ability to summarize and sort out knowledge; At the same time, through repeated reading, let students try to figure out the beauty of the article and lay the foundation for appreciation and evaluation in the next class.