Xiang Yu (232 BC - 202 BC), named Yu, was born in Xixian (now Suqian, Jiangsu Province). The grandson of Xiang Yan, the famous general of Chu State, a famous military strategist in ancient China and a hero of his generation. After the fall of Chu, he fled to Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) with his uncle Xiang Liang. When he was young, he failed to learn calligraphy. He also failed to learn swordsmanship. Determined to learn how to "defend ten thousand people" (the ability to withstand ten thousand people), he learned the art of war from his uncle. But he only "knew a little about its meaning, but refused to learn it." Xiang Yu was eight feet tall, capable of carrying a cauldron, and had great ambitions when he was young. Once when Qin Shihuang was on a patrol crossing Zhejiang (today's Qiantang River), Xiang Yu saw the majesty of his chariots and horses, and blurted out: "He can be replaced by him." In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were in Daze Township He raised his arms and raised his pole. Xiang Yu followed Xiang Liang and raised his troops in Wuzhong to respond. The 24-year-old Xiang Yu was pushed onto the stage of history by the violent storm of the people's uprising.
After Xiang Liang's uprising, he recruited 8,000 elite soldiers and Xiang Yu became the deputy general (deputy general). In order to facilitate the call, he adopted the suggestion of counselor Fan Zeng and established Xiong Xin, the grandson of the former King Huai of Chu, as king. He established his capital in Xuyi and was still called King Huai of Chu. Xiang Liang led the rebel army to victory one after another in battles with the Qin army, which gave rise to the idea of ??being arrogant and underestimating the enemy. As a result, he was defeated by the army commanded by Zhang Han of the Qin army in Dingtao (now northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong), and Xiang Liang died in the battle.
After the Battle of Dingtao, the Qin army crossed the Yellow River north to attack King Xie and Zhang Er of Zhao who had rebelled against Qin, and besieged the Zhao army in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). King Huai of Chu appointed Song Yi as general and Xiang Yu as second general to lead his troops to rescue. When Song Yi led his army to Anyang (now south of Anyang, Henan Province), he hesitated and stationed troops for forty-six days. At that time, it was raining continuously, and the rebel army was in dire straits due to lack of food and clothing. Xiang Yu made a decisive decision and killed Song Yi, forcing King Chu Huai to appoint him as general and order him to immediately send his troops north to rescue Zhao.
Xiang Yu led his chariots to the south bank of the Zhang River and confronted the Qin army across the bank. He first sent generals Yingbu and Pu to lead 20,000 elite troops across the river to cut off the Qin army's grain transportation channels. Then he personally led the main force to cross the river, scuttled the boats, destroyed the cooking utensils, and burned the camps. Each person only brought three days of rations. This is the origin of the famous idiom "The cauldron sinks the boat." As soon as they arrived at the battlefield, the Chu army surrounded the Qin army with thunderous momentum and lightning-fast movements. Xiang Yu took the lead and charged into the battle. Each Chu army bravely killed the enemy, one against ten, and won nine battles and nine victories. He defeated the Qin army, captured Qin general Wang Li, killed Qin deputy general Su Jiao, and forced Qin deputy general Shejian to commit suicide. The siege of giant deer. When Xiang Yu's army was fighting fiercely with the Qin army, the reinforcements from various princes huddled on the ramparts to watch and did not dare to join the battle. After the battle, Xiang Yu summoned the reinforcement generals. They "entered the camp gate and all walked forward on their knees, no one dared to look up." Xiang Yu became the commander-in-chief of the princes' armies.
After the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu took advantage of the victory to pursue the victory, but the Qin army retreated steadily and its morale was disorganized. Seeing that the situation was over, Zhang Han led 200,000 Qin troops to surrender to Xiang Yu. However, on his way to the west, Xiang Yu ordered all the 200,000 surrendered soldiers to be killed in Xin'an City (today's east of Shengchi, Henan). At this time, another rebel army, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, took advantage of the main force of the Qin army and was pinned down by Xiang Yu in Julu. Guanzhong was empty and occupied Xianyang.
Xiang Yu was greatly dissatisfied and led his army to break through the pass and stationed in Hongmen (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi Province). At that time, Xiang Yu's army was 400,000, and Han Gaozu's army was less than 100,000. There was a huge disparity in strength between the two sides. Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty realized that he was no longer able to defeat Xiang Yu, so he adopted Zhang Liang's strategy and won over Xiang Yu's uncle, Xiang Bo, and personally went to Hongmen to plead guilty. At the Hongmen Banquet, the glimmer of swords and lights flashed amidst the exchange of glasses of wine. Xiang Yu's counselor Fan Zeng raised the jade pieces he brought several times, implying that Xiang Yu would kill Han Gaozu, but Xiang Yu was cowardly and Han Gaozu made excuses to escape. This is the story of the famous "Hongmen Banquet" in history. Xiang Yu relied on his powerful troops to temporarily suppress Han Gaozu. He led troops into Xianyang, "killed Qin's descendant prince Ying, burned Qin's palace, and the fire lasted for three months, collected his goods, treasures, and women and headed east" (Historical Records? Xiang Yu's Anthology). Xiang Yu used his remaining military power to issue orders as a general to the princes. He established himself as the overlord of Western Chu, took over nine counties in the Liang and Chu lands (occupying parts of today's Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, and Henan), and made his capital Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). At the same time, he also ceded lands and enfeoffed kings, and divided eighteen princes into enfeoffments. The Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty was granted the title of King of Han, king of Hanzhong and Bashu, in an attempt to restrict the development of the Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty and prevent him from advancing eastward. As a result, raising tigers caused trouble and led to a comeback of the Han army in the future.
Due to the unfairness of Xiang Yu's enfeoffment, the princes and heroes were dissatisfied. First, Tian Rong occupied Qi and rebelled against Chu. Xiang Yu hurriedly led his army to attack, and Han Emperor Gaozu took advantage of the opportunity to advance eastward. In August 208 BC, the Han army sneaked out of Hanzhong and defeated the three kings of Qin who were entrusted by Xiang Yu. They quickly marched eastward and reached Yangxia (now Taikang, Henan).
Then, while Xiang Yu was fighting with the Qi army, he attacked Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, in one fell swoop. Yu hurriedly led 30,000 elite troops to rescue Pengcheng.
At this time, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty relied on his large number of soldiers and generals, paralyzing and underestimating the enemy. Xiang Yujun was eager to regain the lost ground and had high fighting spirit. Thirty thousand Chu troops, led by Xiang Yu, left Shandong, passed through Huling (southeast of today's Yutai, Shandong) and approached Xiao (now northwest of Xiaoxian, Jiangsu), reaching the flank of the Han army in Pengcheng. The battle started at dawn. The Chu army was brave and tenacious, fighting and charging at the same time. By noon, the Han army had been defeated. The Chu army pursued them to Sishui, northeast of Pengcheng, and the Han army fell into the water one after another, killing more than 100,000 people. The Han army fled to the mountains to the south, and the Chu army pursued it to the Suishui River east of Lingbi (in today's Anhui Province) and annihilated hundreds of thousands more. Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty only escaped with a few dozen cavalry, and even his wife Lu Fei and his father Taigong became Xiang Yu's prisoners. In the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu made a decisive decision and quickly led his elite troops back to rescue Pengcheng. He caught the enemy unawares and defeated hundreds of thousands of Han troops. This was an example in the history of war of defeating more with less.
After the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu took advantage of his victory to advance and fought a battle with Han Gaozu between Jingyi and Suoting (west and south of Xingyang), but was blocked east of Xingyang. The two sides had a stalemate in the Chenggao area for two years. During this period, Han Gaozu adopted correct combat guidance, guarding Cheng Gao, consuming the opponent's strength in a protracted battle, and waiting for opportunities to counterattack; Xiang Yu approached Han Gaozu for a decisive battle, but he was unable to attack in a hurry. The forces of both sides have undergone fundamental changes. The Han army has changed from weak to strong, and Xiang Yu has changed from strong to weak.
In the fifth year of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty launched a general attack on Xiang Yu and surrounded Xiang Yu's legions at Gaixia. At this time, the 100,000 Chu troops were exhausted and their morale was low. At night, I heard the Han army singing Chu songs on all sides again. Xiang Yu was so hungry that he drowned his sorrows with wine, and sang generously and sadly: "Strengthening the mountain, the world is overwhelming, the times are not good, but the time is not gone. What can be done if the time is not going away, what can be done if the time is running out?" After singing, He jumped on his horse and led eight hundred cavalry to break through and go south. When they arrived in Dongcheng (now southeast of Dingyuan, Anhui), there were only 28 people left. He wanted to cross the Wujiang River eastward to regroup, but he felt too embarrassed to see his elders east of the river. He fought hard for a while, then committed suicide with a sword. He was only 31 years old.
Xiang Yu is an outstanding military commander. He is good at fighting, and he is heroic and powerful on the battlefield. In the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu destroyed the cauldron and the boat, defeated the many with a small number, and completely annihilated the main force of the Qin army. Objectively, it created conditions for the Han emperor to enter Xianyang and overthrow the Qin Dynasty. In the Chu-Han War, he defeated Tianrong, rescued Peng Cheng, saved Xingyang, and captured Chenggao. He fought dozens of battles in his life and won many victories. Therefore, the ancients called him "a talent capable of winning every battle" (Su Xun Jiayou Collection? Xiang Ji).
However, Xiang Yu is also a tragic figure. After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, he claimed to be an overlord and was busy dividing the feudal lords and supporting the remnants of the nobles of the six countries. He violated the people's desire for unification and created a chaotic and separatist situation. He behaved cruelly and killed more than 200,000 Qin soldiers. After entering the Pass, the Qin Palace was burned down, and the fire continued for three months. His atrocities of burning, killing and looting went against the will of the people and were the fundamental reason for his defeat. Xiang Yu relied on his martial arts to intimidate the princes, but lacked foresight and did not win alliances. He is also jealous of talents and talents, and cannot use people, which leads to rebellion and alienation from relatives, and the morale of the army is weakened. Militarily, he lacks the vision of a strategist, is headstrong, and does not accept good advice. As a result, they repeatedly lost battle opportunities, had no solid rear base, and did not have sufficient food, pay, and troops. Although they won many battles, they went from prosperity to decline. Therefore, although Xiang Yu has outstanding military commanding talents, it is inevitable to fail in the end.
Xiang Yu is a very legendary hero in the history of our country, and many deeds related to him gradually evolved into idioms. It is unprecedented and unprecedented for so many idiom stories to happen to one person.
Replaced
In 210 BC, Qin Shihuang passed by Kuaiji (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) on a parade, and Xiang Yu also went with everyone to watch. While watching, Xiang Yu couldn't help blurting out: "He can take his place." Just this sentence showed Xiang Yu's grand ambition and heroic spirit.
Pre-emptive strike
After Chen Sheng's uprising, Yin Tong, the prefect of Kuaiji, also wanted to take the opportunity to rebel against Qin. When he summoned Xiang Yu in September 209 BC, he said: "Now is a good time to destroy Qin. . I heard that if you strike first, you will be controlled by others. I want to fight with you as soon as possible." How could Xiang Yu, who was born in a noble family, be willing to surrender to others? According to the plan, Xiang Yu killed Yin who claimed to "strike first". Tong, gathered his men, and openly raised the banner of rebellion.
One against ten
In 208 BC, Qin general Zhang Han commanded the main force of the Qin army to encircle Julu, and Xiang Yu led his troops to rescue him.
In order to show his determination to risk his life and survive, Xiang Yu led all the troops across the Zhang River. "They all sank their ships, broke their cauldrons and steamers, burned their huts, and held only three days of rations to show that the soldiers were bound to die and none of them would return the favor." Xiang Yu led his army to cut off the Qin army's food routes and fought nine fierce battles with the Qin army. "The Chu soldiers were all equal to ten." Qin lost troops and generals, and Xiang Yu took advantage of the victory to pursue him, forcing Zhang Han and his remaining troops to surrender.
Xiang Zhuang's sword dance was intended for Pei Gong
After the Qin Dynasty was overthrown, Xiang Yu held a banquet in Hongmen (near today's Lintong, Shaanxi Province) to entertain the emperor of the Han Dynasty. At the banquet, Xiang Yu's adviser, Yafu Fan Zeng, signaled Xiang Yu several times to kill Han Gaozu, but Xiang Yu ignored him because he couldn't bear it. Therefore, Fan Zeng asked Xiang Zhuang to perform sword dancing for fun, hoping to take the opportunity to assassinate Han Gaozu. Seeing the urgency of the situation, Zhang Liang, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, went out to summon Fan Kuai and said, "Now that Xiang Zhuang draws his sword and dances, his intention is always with Pei Gong." So Fan Kuai entered the banquet hall with his sword and shield and accused Xiang Yu of not keeping his faith. Xiang Yu was imprisoned. Impressed by Fan Kuai's momentum, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty took the opportunity to escape from danger.
Based on Monkeys and Crowned
After destroying the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu led his troops into Xianyang and burned and killed Xianyang. The fire in Xianyang continued for three days. Advisers advised Xiang Yu: "The mountains and rivers in Guanzhong are surrounded by dangerous obstacles and the land is fertile. It can be the capital of an overlord." However, Xiang Yu refused on the excuse that "if wealth does not return to its hometown, it is like walking on brocade at night, no one will know". The person who advised him sighed: "People say that Chu people are crowned by monkeys, and it is true." Xiang Yu heard this and killed the person who said this.
Besieged on all sides
Due to his stubbornness and cruel temper, he lost the support of his advisers and the people. Xiang Yu was finally defeated in the "Chu-Han War" and died in Gaixia (now Lingbi, Anhui). South) was surrounded by Han Emperor Gaozu's army. At night, the military camp was besieged on all sides. Xiang Yu was shocked. Seeing that the situation was over, he led his troops to break out of the siege and fled to the Wujiang River. Because he felt that he "had no face to see his elders from the east of the Yangtze River", Xiang Yu had a boat and refused to cross, so he committed suicide.
Appendix:
Historical Records of Xiang Yu, The Seventh Han Dynasty·Sima Qian
Historical Records·Volume 7·The Chronicles of Xiang Yu
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Sima Qian
The person with Xiang Ji is a person with the title of Xia Xiang. feather. When I first started, I was twenty-four years old. Ji's father, Xiang Liang, was the Chu general Xiang Yan, who was killed by the Qin general Wang Jian. The Xiang family was a general of Chu for generations and was granted the title of Xiang, hence the surname Xiang.
When Xiang Ji was young, he failed to learn calligraphy, so he went away; he failed to learn swordsmanship, so Xiang Liang was angry. Ji said: "Books are enough to record names and surnames. One person can be defeated with a sword, but learning is not enough. Learning to defeat ten thousand people is not enough." So Xiang Liang taught Ji the art of war. Ji was overjoyed and knew a little about what it meant, but he refused to learn it. Xiang Liang heard that someone was arrested in Yueyang, so he asked Cao Jiu, the prison governor of Qi, to send a letter to Sima Xin, the prison governor of Yueyang. He got it by telling a story. Xiang Liang killed people and fled to Wuzhong with his relatives. All the wise men and officials in Wuzhong came under Xiang Liang. Whenever there was a big corvee or funeral in Wuzhong, Xiang Liang would often take charge of it, and he would use the Military Art Department to restrain the guests and his children, so that he could know his abilities. When the First Emperor of Qin visited Kuaiji and crossed Zhejiang, Liang and his family visited him. The book said: "He can be replaced." Liang covered his mouth and said: "Don't lie, the clan is here!" Liang used this as a strange book. He is more than eight feet long, has the strength to carry a cauldron, and is extremely talented. Even the children of Wuzhong are afraid of his status.
In July of the first year of Qin II, Chen She and others set out from Dazezhong. In the ninth month of the month, Kuaiji Shouting told Liang: "Everyone in Jiangxi is rebelling. This is also the time when the Qin Dynasty will be destroyed. I heard that the people will be controlled first, and they will be controlled by others later. I want to send troops to send the Duke and Huan Chu generals." At that time, Huan Chu died in Zezhong. Liang said: "Huan Chu died, and no one knew where he was. Only Ji knew it." When Liang Nai left, he ordered Ji to stay outside with his sword. Liang Fu came back, sat down with Shou, and said, "Please call me, and I will summon Huan Chu." Shou said, "No." Liang called him in. After a moment, Liang Shun said: "It can be done!" So he drew his sword and beheaded the guard. Xiang Liang holds his head and wears his seal ribbon. The disciples were frightened and disturbed, and dozens of people were killed at home. Everyone in the mansion is in awe, and no one dares to rise. Liang Nai summoned the powerful officials he knew and told them to cause great events, so he raised troops from Wuzhong. He sent people to take over the county and obtained 8,000 elite soldiers. Liang deployed the heroes of Wuzhong as school captains, marquises, and Sima. There was a man who couldn't use it, so he talked to Liang. Liang said: "Some time ago, the princess who was mourning was unable to do something, so I did not appoint the Duke." Everyone fell down. So Liang was appointed as the guardian of Kuaiji, and he was appointed as a general and served in the lower county.
Zhaoping, a native of Guangling, favored Guangling for King Chen and failed to surrender. When he heard that King Chen was defeated and left, Qin soldiers arrived again, so he crossed the river to fulfill King Chen's order and worshiped Liang as the king of Chu's Shangzhu Kingdom.
He said: "The east of the Yangtze River has been decided, so we urgently led our troops to the west to attack Qin." Xiang Liang crossed the river to the west with 8,000 men. Hearing that Chen Ying had gone to Dongyang, he wanted to join Lian He in the west. Chen Ying, the former Dongyang Lingshi, lived in the county and was known as the elder. A young man from Dongyang killed his order and gathered thousands of people. He wanted to appoint a senior official, but it was not suitable, so he invited Chen Ying. Ying Ying was unable to thank him, so he was forced to make Ying the chief, and the followers in the county gained 20,000 people. The young man wanted to make Chen Ying king, but a new army rose up. Chen Ying's mother said to her: "I am your wife, and I have never heard of any of your nobles in ancient times. It is unlucky to gain a great name now. It is better to belong to something. If you succeed, you will be granted a title. If you fail, you will easily die. It is not the world." The name is also given. "Ying Nai dare not be the king. He told his military officer: "The Xiang family has been famous in Chu for generations. If we want to do great things now, it cannot be done without the general. I rely on the famous family, and Qin will surely fall." So everyone followed his words and sent troops to Xiang. Liang. Xiang Liang crossed the Huaihe River, and generals Yingbu and Pu also sent troops to Yan. Sixty or seventy thousand soldiers marched down to Pi.
At that time, Qin Jia had established Jingju as the king of Chu, and his army was in the east of Pengcheng, hoping to get away from Xiang Liang. Xiang Liang said to the military officials: "King Chen is the first to attack. The battle is unfavorable and we have not heard where he is. Now Qin Jia has defeated King Chen and established Jingju, which is unethical." He then marched to attack Qin Jia. Qin Jiajun was defeated and chased him to Huling. Jia fought for one day, Jia died, and the army surrendered. Jingju died in Liangdi. Xiang Liang has merged with Qin Jia's army and marched to Huling, and will lead his army to the west. Zhang Han's army arrived at Li, and Xiang Liang sent other generals Zhujishi and Yu Fanjun to fight. Yu Fanjun died, Zhujishi's army was defeated, and he fled to Huling. Xiang Liang then led troops into Xue and killed Ji Shi. Xiang Liang sent Xiang Yu to attack Xiangcheng, but Xiangcheng could not hold on. It has been pulled out, and they are all trapped. Also report Xiang Liang. When Xiang Liang heard that King Chen was dead, he summoned other generals to tell Xue Jishi. At this time, Pei Gong also got up and went to Yan.
Fan Zeng, a ③ man in Juchao, was seventy years old. He had always lived at home and was curious about his plans. He went to Xiang Liang and said: "Chen's victory is certain. Qin destroyed the six countries, and Chu was the most innocent. Since the king of Huai entered, Qin did not rebel, but Chu people still pity him, so Chu Nan Gong said: "Although Chu has three households, if Qin is destroyed, Chu will definitely die." Now Chen Sheng, the leader, does not establish a Chu queen but stands on his own. His power will not last long when he rises to the east of the Yangtze River. The generals who have risen up are all vying to join the king, so that the king of Chu will be able to restore the queen of Chu." So Xiang Liang asked Sun Xin, the king of Chu Huai, to become a shepherd among the people, and established him as king Huai of Chu. From what the people want. Chen Ying became the Shangzhu State of Chu, granted five counties, and made Xutai the capital of King Huai. Xiang Liang named himself Lord Wu Xin.
After staying for a few months, he led troops to attack Kangfu, and together with Qi Tianrong and Sima Long, he rescued Dong'a and defeated the Qin army in Dong'a. Tian Rong immediately led his troops back and drove away his king. Fake death and go to Chu. It turns out that Tianjiao escaped from Zhao. Jiao's younger brother Tian Jian was an old Qi general who lived in Zhao and did not dare to return. Tian Rong established Tiandanzi City as the king of Qi. Xiang Liang had defeated Dong'a's army and then pursued the Qin army. Several envoys asked the troops to join forces and wanted to join them to the west. Tian Rong said: "Chu killed Tianjia, and Zhao killed Tianjiao and Tianjian before sending troops." Xiang Liang said: "Tianjia is the king of our country. He has no choice but to follow me and cannot bear to kill him." Zhao Yi did not kill Tianjiao and Tianjian. The city is in Qi. Qi then refused to send troops to help Chu. Xiang Liang sent Pei Gong and Xiang Yu to attack Chengyang and massacre them. The Qin army broke through Puyang in the west and entered Puyang in the east. Pei Gong and Xiang Yu then attacked Dingtao. Before Dingtao was conquered, he went westward to Yongqiu, defeated the Qin army, killed Li You, and also attacked Waihuang, but Waihuang had not yet been conquered.
Xiang Liang marched from Dong'a to the west, and reached Dingtao, where he defeated the Qin army again. Xiang Yu and others also killed Li You, making Qin lighter and more arrogant. Song Yi admonished Xiang Liang and said: "Victory will defeat the arrogant and lazy soldiers. Today's soldiers are few and lazy, Qin's soldiers are getting worse, and I am afraid of them." Xiang Liang did not listen. So Song Yi was sent to Qi. Dao met Qi envoy Gaoling Junxian and asked, "Have you met Mr. Wu Xin, sir?" He said, "Yes." He said, "I said that Mr. Wu Xin's army will be defeated. If you go Xu, you will avoid death, but if you go quickly, you will be in trouble." Qin Guo Xiang Liang was killed after Xiang Liang was killed. Pei Gong and Xiang Yu went to Waihuang to attack Chenliu, but Chenliu held on and could not move. Pei Gong and Xiang Yu conspired with each other and said: "Now Xiang Liang's army has been defeated, and the soldiers are afraid." So they led troops to the east together with Lu Chen's army, Lu Chen's army to the east of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu's army to the west of Pengcheng, and Pei Gong's army to Dang.
Zhang Han had already defeated Xiang Liang's army, so he thought that Chu's troops had nothing to worry about, so he crossed the river to attack Zhao and defeated it. At this time, Zhao Xie was the king, Chen Yu was the general, and Zhang Er was the prime minister, and they all entered Julu City. Zhang Han ordered Wang Li and Shejian to surround the giant deer. Zhang Han's army went to the south and built a corridor to lose grain. Chen Yu was the general, with tens of thousands of soldiers marching to the north of Julu. This was the so-called Hebei army.
The Chu army had already defeated Dingtao, and King Huai was afraid, so he marched from Xutai to Pengcheng and joined forces with Xiang Yu and Lu Chen to take control of them. Lu Chen was appointed as Situ, his father Lu Qing was appointed as Ling Yin, Pei Gong was appointed as the head of Dang County, he was granted the title of Marquis of Wu'an, and he commanded the soldiers of Dang County.
At the beginning, Song Yi met Gao Lingjun, the Qi envoy, who showed up to the Chu army. When he saw the King of Chu, he said: "Song Yi said that Wu Xinjun's army will be defeated. After staying for several days, the army was defeated. The soldiers did not fight. But seeing the defeat in advance can be said to know the troops.
"The king summoned Song Yi to talk about the plan, because he appointed him as the superior general; Xiang Yu was the Duke of Lu, the second general, and Fan Zeng was the last general to save Zhao. All other generals belonged to Song Yi, and they were called Qingzi Champion. Went to Anyang and stayed for forty-six days without advancing. Xiang Yu said: "I heard that the Qin army surrounded Zhao King Julu and quickly led his troops across the river. Chu attacked outside and Zhao responded inside. The Qin army was bound to be defeated. Song Yi said: "No." A man who beats an ox's fly cannot defeat a lice. Now Qin is attacking Zhao. If they win, they will stop and I will take over. If they fail to win, I will lead my troops to the west with drums and march to the west, and I will surely capture Qin. Therefore, it is better to fight Qin and Zhao first. When a husband is strong and sharp, righteousness is not as good as justice; when he sits down and makes plans, justice is not as good as righteousness. So he ordered the army to say: "As fierce as a tiger, as weak as a sheep, as greedy as a wolf, and as strong as a wolf, kill them all!" "So he sent his son Song Xiang to join him, and sent him to Wuyan, where they had a drinking party. It was cold and rainy, and the soldiers were freezing and hungry. Xiang Yu said: "I will attack Qin with all my strength, but I can't stay for a long time. This year, the people are hungry and poor. The soldiers eat taro and sweet potato. The army has no food, so they drink and have a party. They do not lead the troops across the river because Zhao is eating. They attack Qin together with Zhao, so they say: "Inherit the Qin". If I use the strength of Qin to attack the newly created Zhao, I will definitely capture Zhao. If Zhao is lifted up and Qin is strong, how can we inherit it? Moreover, the country's army is newly defeated and the king is restless. The territory of Xi belongs exclusively to the general. The country's security is at stake. Today, if you do not care about the soldiers and favor your own interests, you are not a minister of the country! "Xiang Yuchen went to the general Song Yi and beheaded Song Yi in his tent. He sent an order to the army and said: "Song Yi conspired with Qi to rebel against Chu, and the king of Chu secretly ordered Yu to kill him. "At that time, all the generals were frightened and subdued. No one dared to stand up to Zhiwu. They all said: "The first person to establish Chu is the general's family. Today, the general will put an end to the chaos. "Nai Xiang and Li Yu made him a false general. He sent people to chase Song Yizi, get together and kill him. He sent Huan Chu to report his orders to King Huai. King Huai made Xiang Yu a false general. Lord Dangyang and General Pu They all belong to Xiang Yu.
Xiang Yu has killed the champion of Qingzi, who is famous among the princes. He left Dangyang Jun and General Pu to cross the river with 20,000 soldiers to save Julu, and Chen Yu recovered. Xiang Yu then led his troops across the river, but all the ships were sunk, the cauldrons were broken, and the huts were burned. He took three days of food to show that the soldiers would die and none of them would return, so he surrounded Wang Li and met the Qin army. They fought nine times. Cut off the tunnel, destroy it, kill Su Jiao, and capture Wang Li. At that time, the soldiers of Chu were the best among the princes, and no one dared to attack the giant deer. When Chu attacked Qin, all the generals of Chu were watching from the wall. The shouts of the Chu soldiers moved the sky, and everyone in the army was frightened. So Xiang Yu summoned the generals of the princes and marched on their knees at the camp gate. No one dared to look up at the front. From then on, Xiang Yu became the general of the princes, and all the princes belonged to Yan.
Zhang Han's army was in Jiyuan, and Xiang Yu's army in Zhangnan were in a stalemate, but the Qin army retreated. Zhang Han was frightened and sent Chief Shi Xin to ask for help. He stayed at Simamen for three days, but Zhao Gao was not convinced. He sent people to chase him, but he failed. Xin arrived at the army and reported: "Zhao Gao is busy in the middle, but there is nothing he can do in the lower ranks." If you can win this battle, you will be jealous of my merits if you are high up; if you cannot win this battle, you will inevitably die. I hope the general can figure it out. "Chen Yu also left a note in Hanshu, saying: "Bai Qi was a general of the Qin Dynasty, and he conquered Yan and Ying in the south, and pitted his horse and uniform in the north, and attacked the city and captured the territory. It was impossible to win, and he was actually given death. Meng Tian was a general of Qin, and he drove the Rong people from the north. He opened up Yuzhong for thousands of miles and actually killed Yangzhou. Which one? If there were too many attacks, Qin could not encircle them completely, so he used the law to punish them. Now the general is three years old as the general of Qin. He has lost hundreds of thousands of people, and the princes have gained more by joining together. Zhao Gaosu had been flattering him for a long time. Now the matter was urgent, and he was afraid that the next generation would punish him. Therefore, he wanted to punish the general by law to put an end to his responsibilities, and let someone replace the general to escape his misfortune. My husband, the general, has been living outside for a long time, and there are many internal gaps. He will be punished if he has meritorious service, and he will be punished if he has no merit. Moreover, when the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, everyone knew it, no matter how stupid or wise it was. Nowadays, the general cannot give direct advice internally, and externally he is a general who has destroyed his country. He is lonely and independent but wants to survive forever. Isn't it sad! General, why don't you return your troops and join the feudal lords, make an appointment with Qin to attack Qin, divide the king's territory, and claim it as a solitary country in the south? Who is a hostage with an ax lying on his body, and his wife is killed? "Zhang Han was suspicious and sent Xiang Yu to make an appointment. But before the agreement was made, Xiang Yu sent General Pu to lead troops across Sanhu day and night to the south of Zhangnan to fight Qin and then defeat it. Xiang Yu then led troops to attack Qin's army. On the water, they were greatly defeated.
Zhang Han sent people to see Xiang Yu and wanted to make an appointment. Xiang Yu summoned the army officials and said, "There is little food, so I want to make an appointment." "The soldiers all said, "Good. "Xiang Yu went to the Yin Ruins in the south of Qi Huan River. After forming an alliance, Zhang Han burst into tears when he saw Xiang Yu and told Zhao Gao. Xiang Yu then appointed Zhang Han as King Yong and placed him in the Chu army. Shi Xin, the envoy commander, was appointed as the general, and the general The Qin army marched forward.
When they arrived at Xin'an, the officials and soldiers from the princes came to garrison in the middle of the Qin Dynasty. The soldiers in the Qin Dynasty met many of the princes, and the soldiers from the princes and officials took advantage of them. He defeated many slaves and sent them to the Qin Dynasty. Many of the Qin officials and soldiers whispered: "General Zhang and others tricked my subordinates into surrendering to the princes." Now if I can enter the pass and defeat Qin, it will be a great good; if I can't, the princes will capture my subjects and go east, and Qin will kill my parents and wife. "The generals heard about his plan and reported it to Xiang Yu.
Xiang Yu then summoned Generals Yingbu and Pu to make a plan and said: "The Qin officials are still dissatisfied with the generals, and will not listen to them at the pass, and things will be in danger. It is better to kill them, and then enter Qin alone with Zhang Han, Chang Shixin, and Duwei Yi." ." So the Chu army attacked and trapped more than 200,000 Qin soldiers in the south of Xin'an City at night.
The land of Qin was determined through a strategy. There are soldiers guarding Hangu Pass and no one is allowed to enter. When he heard that Pei Gong had defeated Xianyang, Xiang Yu was furious and ordered Dangyang Lord and others to attack the pass. Xiang Yu then entered and went to Xixi. Pei Gong's army was overlorded, but he was unable to meet Xiang Yu. Cao Wushang, Sima Cao Wushang, the left commander of Pei Gong, sent word to Xiang Yu: "Pei Gong wants to be the king of Guanzhong and make his son and infant his prime minister, and he will have all the treasures." Xiang Yu was furious and said, "I am going to feast on the soldiers today to defeat Pei Gong's army!" At that time, Xiang Yu had 400,000 troops at Xinfenghong Gate, and Pei Gong had 100,000 troops at Ba Shang. Fan Zeng said about Xiang Yu: "When Pei Gong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for wealth and loved beautiful concubines. Now that he has entered the pass, he has gained nothing. Women have no luck, and their ambitions are not small. I hope that their Qi will be like that of dragons and tigers. This is the Qi of the emperor, so don’t miss it.” Ji's father, Su Shan, stayed with Hou Zhang Liang. Zhang Liang followed Pei Gong at that time, and Xiang Bo, who was riding with Pei Gong's army at night, met Zhang Liang privately and reported the matter. He wanted to call Zhang Liang to go with him, but said: "Don't follow me and die together." Zhang Liang said: "I am sending Pei Gong to the king of Han. Pei Gong is in urgent need. It is unjust to die, so we must not say anything." Report to Pei Gong. Pei Gong was shocked and asked: "What can be done?" Zhang Liang asked: "Who is the king who planned this?" He said: "Kun Sheng said to me: 'If you are far away from the pass and have no princes in the country, the land of Qin can be conquered by the king. "So listen to it." Liang said, "Do you think the king's soldiers are worthy of being king of Xiang?" Pei Gong was silent and said, "It's not as good as that." Zhang Liang said, "Please go and tell Xiang Bo." Dare to carry King Xiang's back?" Pei Gong asked, "Is there something between you and Xiang Bo?" Zhang Liang said, "When Qin was traveling with me, Xiang Bo killed someone, and I was lucky to come to sue Liang. Pei Gong said: "Who is better than you?" Liang said: "You are better than your minister." Xiang Bo immediately went to see Pei Gong. The Duke of Pei offered wine as a blessing to his life and made a marriage agreement. He said: "When I entered the pass, I did not dare to come near in the autumn. I was a civil servant and sealed the treasury, waiting for the general. Therefore, I sent generals to guard the pass to prepare for thieves to come in and out. It's extraordinary. I've been waiting for the general to arrive day and night, so I dare not do anything wrong!" Xiang Bo promised and said to Pei Gong, "Don't come to thank King Xiang." "No." So Xiang Bo went back to the army at night and reported to King Xiang with the words of Pei Gong, saying: "If Pei Gong doesn't break the pass first, how can I dare to attack him now? It's unjust." It's better to meet him out of kindness." King Xiang promised.
Pei Gong came to see King Xiang from more than a hundred horses on the first day. When he arrived at Hongmen, he thanked him and said, "I and the general are fighting with all their strength to attack Qin. The general is fighting in Hebei and the minister is fighting in Henan. However, I don't think I can be the first." After entering the pass and defeating the Qin Dynasty, I saw the general here again. The villain's words caused a rift between the general and his ministers. "King Xiang said, "This is Pei Gongzuo Sima Cao. Otherwise, why do you want to do this?" King Xiang stayed with Pei Gong to drink with him that day. King Xiang and Xiang Bo sat to the east, and Yafu sat to the south. The sub-father is Fan Zeng. Pei Gong sat facing north, and Zhang Liang waited on him facing west. Fan Zeng counted the number of kings of Xiang and held up the jade ornaments he wore to show three of them. King Xiang responded silently. Fan Zeng rose up, summoned Xiangzhuang, and said: "The king is intolerable. If you come forward to express your longevity, if your longevity is over, please use your sword to dance, because you will strike Pei Gong sitting down and kill him. If you don't, all of you will be captured." "Zhuang Ze entered for longevity. At the end of his life, he said: "The king is drinking with Pei Gong. There is no joy in the army. Please dance with your sword." King Xiang said: "No." Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and danced. Xiang Bo also drew his sword and danced, often covering Pei Gong with his wings. , the villager cannot attack. So Zhang Liang went to the army gate to see Fan Kuai. Fan Kuai said, "How are things going today?" Liang said, "It's very urgent! Now Xiang Zhuang draws his sword and dances, and his intention is always with Pei Gong." Kuai said, "This is urgent. I invite you to come in and share your orders." Kuai immediately entered the army gate with his sword and shield. The guard who was crossing the sword wanted to stop, but Fan Kuai sided his shield to hit him. The guard fell to the ground, and Kuai then entered. He put on the curtain and stood facing west. He looked at King Xiang with anger, his hair pointed upward, and the canthus of his eye was cracked. King Xiang rested his sword and said, "Who is this guest?" Zhang Liang said, "The Duke of Pei is riding Fan Kuai." King Xiang said, "Strong man, give me some wine." Then they fought with him. Kuai thanks, stand up, and drink. King Xiang said: "Give me a pig shoulder." Then he will have a pig shoulder for life. Fan Kuai laid his shield on the ground, put it on his shoulder, drew his sword, cut it into pieces and ate it. King Xiang said: "A strong man, can you drink again?" Fan Kuai said: "If I die, I will not avoid it. I will drink wine and say goodbye! My husband, the King of Qin, has the heart of a tiger and a wolf. If you can't kill people, if you don't punish people, you can't win. All the people in the world will do it." Rebellion. King Huai made an appointment with the generals: "The one who breaks Qin first and enters Xianyang will be the king." Now Pei Gong breaks Qin first and enters Xianyang. He doesn't dare to get any closer. He seals the palace and returns to the army to wait for the king to come. Therefore, the generals are sent to guard the gate to prepare for possible thefts and emergencies.
For hard work and high achievements, there is no reward of being a prince, but if you listen to the details, you want to kill those who have made meritorious service. This is the continuation of the Qin Dynasty, and the stolen king will not take it. King Xiang didn't respond and said, "Sit down!" "Fan Kuai sat down from Liang. After sitting for a while, Pei Gong got up to go to the toilet, and Fan Kuai came out.
Pei Gong had already left, and King Xiang sent the captain Chen Ping to summon Pei Gong. Pei Gong said: "Now that he has come out, he has not said goodbye, so why? What can I do? Fan Kuai said: "The great conduct does not care about the meticulousness, and the great courtesy does not hesitate to make small concessions." Nowadays, people are like swordsmen, and I am like fish and meat, so why should I say that! So he left. He asked Zhang Liang to stay and thank him. Liang asked, "Why is the king here?" He said, "I have a pair of white jade stones that I would like to present to King Xiang, and a pair of jade jade stones that I would like to offer to my father." I will be angry and dare not offer it. Give it to me. Zhang Liang said: "I promise." "At that time, King Xiang's army was at the foot of Hongmen, and Pei Gong's army was at Bashang, forty miles away from each other. Pei Gong set up his chariot and rode alone, and together with Fan Kuai, Xia Houying, Jin Qiang, Ji Xin and other four men held swords and shields. Walking. From the foot of Mount Li, we walked to Zhiyang. Peigong said to Zhang Liang, "The road from here to our army is only twenty miles away." He took me to the army, and he entered. "Pei Gong has left, and he arrived in the army. Zhang Liang went to thank him and said, "Pei Gong is too rich to handle cups and ladles, so I can't say goodbye. I would like to entrust you with a pair of white jade, and then offer it to the king. I would like to offer you a pair of jade jade, and then offer it to the general. King Xiang asked, "Where is the Pei Public Security Bureau?" "Liang said: "I heard that the king wanted to supervise it, so I got away and went alone. I have already reached the army. King Xiang received the jade and sat on it. Yafu received the jade bucket and placed it on the ground. He drew his sword and struck it, breaking it, saying, "Alas!" The vertical part is insufficient and resourceful. The one who seizes the item to rule the world must be Pei Gong. I am now a prisoner of it. "Pei Gong arrived at the army and ordered to kill Cao Wushang.
After staying for a few days, Xiang Yu led his troops to the west to massacre Xianyang, killed Qin Jiang's prince Ying, burned Qin's palace, and the fire was not extinguished for three months, so he collected his goods and treasures. Women go east. People may say that King Xiang said: "The mountains and rivers in Guanzhong are blocked by obstacles. The land is fertile, and we can dominate it all." King Xiang saw that all the Qin palaces were burnt and dilapidated, and he longed to return eastward. He said, "Wealth and honor will not return to their hometown, but they will travel at night like embroidered clothes. Who knows?" The speaker said: "People say that people in Chu wear monkeys and crown their ears. It's true." "When King Xiang heard about it, he cooked it and said it.
King Xiang sent people to kill King Huai. King Huai said: "As promised. " He respected King Huai as the Righteous Emperor. King Xiang wanted to become king, and the previous kings and generals said: "When the world was in trouble for the first time, I pretended to establish princes and then attack Qin. However, he was exposed to the wild for three years by Jian Zhijue, who destroyed the Qin Dynasty and established the world. It will be with the help of all the kings. Although the Righteous Emperor has no merit, he should divide his territory and rule over it. "All the generals said: "Good! "Then the world was divided and the generals were established as lords and kings. King Xiang and Fan Zeng suspected that Pei Gong owned the world. They had already explained it, but they refused to break the agreement and feared that the princes would rebel. They conspired and said: "The road between Ba and Shu is dangerous, and Qin will move people there. They all live in Shu. Nai said: "Ba and Shu are also in Guanzhong." "Therefore, he established Pei Gong as the king of Han, and the kings of Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong were all in Nanzheng. In the third part of Guanzhong, the king of Qin surrendered and the king of Han was separated from the king of Han. King Xiang then made Zhang Han the king of Yong, and the king west of Xianyang abolished Qiu. The long history Xin was appointed as the prison governor of Yueyang, and he was as virtuous as Xiang Liang. The captain Dong Yi originally advised Zhang Han to surrender to Chu, so he appointed Sima Xin as the king of Se, and established his capital in Yueyang from the east of Xianyang to the river. Dong Yi was the king of Zhai, the king of Shangjun, and his capital was Gaonu. He moved to Wei Wangbao and became the king of the Western Wei Dynasty. He was the king of Hedong and his capital was Pingyang. , the capital was Luoyang. The king of Han made his capital, Duyang Zhai. Zhao general Sima Ang made great achievements, so he established Ang as the king of Yin. He moved to Zhao Dynasty and became the king of Zhao. Zhang Er was a virtuous man, and he entered the Pass, so Li Er was made king of Changshan, king of Zhaodi, and Du Xiangguo. Dangyang Jun Yingbu was the general of Chu, and Chang champion, so Li Bu was made king of Jiujiang, and Wu Rui was the king of Po. He led Baiyue to assist the princes and entered the pass, so he made Rui the king of Hengshan and made his capital Zhu. Ao, the leader of the Yi Emperor Zhu Kingdom, attacked Nanjun and made many achievements. He made Ao the king of Linjiang and moved his capital to Jiangling. King of Liaodong. Yan general Zang Tu rescued Zhao from Chu and entered the Pass, so he made Tu the king of Yan and moved his capital to Ji. Guan, so the capital was established as the King of Qi, and the capital was Linzi. Therefore, the Qin Dynasty destroyed the king and built Sun Tian'an. Yang. Tian Rong defeated Xiang Liang several times and refused to send troops from Chu to attack Qin, so he was not sealed. Chen Yu, the king of Cheng'an, abandoned his seal and refused to enter the pass. However, he had always heard of his merits and achievements in Zhao. It was located in Nanpi, so because of Fanjun's great achievements in general Meijuan, King Xiang established himself as the overlord of Western Chu. In the fourth year of the first year of Han Dynasty, he made his capital Pengcheng. At the end of the month, the princes stopped playing and went to their own country. King Xiang left the country.