From the establishment of the Sui Dynasty by Emperor Wendi in 58 1 A.D. to the strangulation of the Emperor in 6 18 A.D., * * * existed for 37 years, which was a typical short-lived dynasty. The greatest contributions of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty are as follows: First, the official system was abolished, and the six official systems in Northern Zhou Dynasty were established. Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty also made new laws, and the punishment was no longer as cruel as in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In addition, the imperial examination system was established and the way of selecting officials was innovated. Apart from building the Grand Canal (the other half is for recreation), Yang Di left no good impression on future generations. Emperor Yang Di's cruelty is also famous in history. Because of its exorbitant taxes, it aroused people's resentment and finally hanged in Jiangdu, and the Sui Dynasty declared its demise.
The Tang Dynasty lasted for 289 years from its establishment in 6 18 to the demise of Zhu Wen in 907. The Tang Dynasty was divided into early and late periods, with the Anshi Rebellion as the boundary. Prosperity in the early stage and decline in the later stage. Tang Gaozu established the Tang Dynasty, and Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin led the troops to complete the great cause of reunification in ten years. After the change of Xuanwumen and Li Shimin's accession to the throne, the Tang Dynasty was unprecedentedly prosperous in the feudal society of China, and "Zhenguan rule" appeared, which was ahead of the world in politics, economy and culture. Since then, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" appeared again, and the powerful country, the people and the world appeared again. However, it was also during the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty that the Anshi Rebellion took place and the Tang Dynasty went into decline.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were many achievements in laws and regulations, such as the system of three provinces and six departments, the imperial examination system and the two tax laws, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Sui and Tang Dynasties adopted a relatively open policy and frequent economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Tang poetry is the greatest achievement in literature. Chen Ziang in the early Tang Dynasty, Li Bai and Du Fu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen in the middle Tang Dynasty, and Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty are outstanding representatives. The ancient prose movement advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan had a great influence on later generations. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy, Yan, Wu Daozi, Wang Wei's paintings, music and dances such as "Dancing in Dress and Feather", and numerous grotto arts are all passed down to later generations. In terms of science and technology, printing and gunpowder, two of China's four great inventions, appeared in this period.
In the late Tang Dynasty, there was political chaos, from the struggle between Niu and Li to the eunuch's autocracy. During this period, peasant uprisings continued, and finally the Huang Chao Uprising broke out. Zhu Wen was one of the leaders of the uprising. He began to rebel against the Tang Dynasty, and later replaced the Tang Dynasty as emperor, and established the first dynasty of the Five Dynasties-Hou Liang.
Traditional drama
Sui and Tang Dynasties
China's traditional plays. The story of Sui and Tang Dynasties has been circulated among the people for a long time. This book takes the Sui and Tang Dynasties as the background, and records the rise and fall of 180 years from the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty to Tang Daizong. This book is interspersed with many stories of folklore and peasant uprising. It takes the causal cycle of Emperor Tang Ming and Yang Di as the main plot, and describes the power struggle and extravagant life in the court in detail, which has a strong exposure. What is commendable is that a large number of heroes of peasant rebels, such as Cheng and Dan, have been created, which are lifelike and deeply loved by the people. This book was followed by a series of sequels, such as Biography of the Tang Dynasty, Biography of the Later Tang Dynasty and Biography of the Tang Dynasty, but the achievements were not as good as those of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Liu Jingting in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties was good at saying wonderful plots such as "Qin meets a girl". Deng, a famous storyteller in Gan Yong, and Shuang Houping in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties all emphasized Sui and Tang Dynasties. Southern songs, such as Suzhou Pinghua, and ethnic songs, such as Haolaibao and Dongbula, also have this track, which shows that it has far-reaching influence.
Tang Taizong's anti-corruption story
In the second year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 628), Emperor Taizong said to the ministers around him, I said that corrupt officials all love money, but in fact they don't know how to love money. Take Beijing officials and local officials above level 5 as examples. Their salaries are generous and their annual income is large. If someone takes bribes, but tens of thousands, once exposed, all official positions and salaries will be deprived. Is this knowing how to love money? Does it count? Emperor Taizong was good at putting himself in the position of officials, and from their immediate interests, he taught them not to do things that would lead to ruin and ruin. Emperor Taizong did not object to officials' "love for money", but opposed them to be greedy because they loved money too much, and opposed "being bribed by money" and doing things that violated the law and discipline. He told the ministers around him that officials should love money properly and get it through legal channels. You can live well by legal income-salary; If you have wild ideas, if you are insatiable, you may eventually become "once exposed, you will lose your ranking." From the perspective of officials' own interests, it is also very uneconomical. He wants officials to learn how to calculate this account.
In order to deepen the impression of ministers, Emperor Taizong also said that during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a prime minister named Gong Yixiu in Lu, who loved to eat fish and became a hobby, but he never accepted other people's fish. In this way, he can eat fish for a long time. Because he doesn't accept bribes from others, he doesn't have to worry about going to jail one day and not eating fish. Neither monarchs nor officials can be greedy. If the monarch is greedy, he will inevitably die; If officials are greedy, they will fail. The Book of Songs wrote: "There are tunnels in strong winds, and greedy people are scum." (See the Book of Songs? Daya？ Sang Rou "means that the wind is very strong, and greedy people corrupt the race. ) that's true. Emperor Taizong warned officials that only by standing up straight can they stand firm. If there is greed, it is not just greedy individuals who are unlucky: the Lord (monarch) is greedy for the country and the minister is greedy for death. "Greedy people are scum", and a greedy person will harm many people. In a big way, it will affect a country; In a small way, it will hurt the family and hurt the family.
Then, Emperor Taizong told two stories.
The first story is contained in Zhu? Mianshui was about the Warring States Period. King Hui of Qin wanted to attack Shu, but he didn't know how to get there. So I came up with a plan to carve five heads of Shi Niu and hang gold on the back of Shi Niu's ass. People in Shu saw it and thought that cow dung could pull out gold. King Shu was greedy for money and sent five Hercules to pull Shi Niu to Shu. Gal, opened up a channel from qin to shu, which is exactly what qin wanted. Qin's army followed closely and attacked Shu, which was soon wiped out.
The second story is contained in Ban Gu's Han Shu? Biography of cruel officials? Biography of Tian Yannian. It is said that Tian Yannian, who served as a big sinon in the Han Dynasty, requisitioned 30,000 folk ox carts for rent for profit. The rent for each car was originally 1000 yuan, but Tian Yannian cheated and increased it to 2,000 yuan. * * * got 60 million yuan and swallowed half of it, which is 30 million yuan. When he did this, his enemies were staring at him and secretly collecting information about his violation of law and discipline. His every move is in the hands of the enemy. So Tian Yannian's corruption of 30 million yuan was soon exposed. General Huo Guang said, "Put him in prison first, and then let the ministers discuss what to do with him." Tian Yannian knew that he was guilty and was afraid of being punished. He said, "How dare I go to jail!" Then he killed himself.
After telling these two stories, Emperor Taizong was deeply touched and sighed: There are countless people like Shu Wang and Tian Yannian in history! Now I want to learn from King Shu, and you should also learn from Tian Yannian, not from them. The above two stories are not fiction, but true stories recorded in historical books. With these two events in history, Emperor Taizong strongly confirmed the truth that the Lord was greedy for the country and the minister was greedy for death. After listening to this, ministers will break out in a cold sweat, think deeply, and believe in what Emperor Taizong said.
The combination of education and legal system. When Tang Taizong gave "anti-corruption lessons" to ministers, he not only regarded himself as an educator, but also put himself in the position of an educated person. He said that not only officials can't be greedy, but as the king of a country, he can't be greedy himself; Not only should officials learn the lesson that Tian Yannian died of greed, but he should also learn the lesson that Shu Wang died of greed. He warned the ministers not in a condescending manner, but in an equal manner. It is rare for an emperor to do this in China's ancient feudal society.
In the second year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong's "anti-corruption course" was about historical lessons. In the four years of Zhenguan, he gave a lesson to princes and ministers, and talked about anti-corruption from a psychological point of view. Emperor Taizong said that people should know fear, know what they can and can't do. I have been working hard all day, not only to pity the people and worry about them, but also to hope that you can be prosperous for a long time. The sky is neither too high nor too thick. I always work hard because I am afraid of heaven and earth (afraid of being punished by the god of heaven and earth for doing something wrong). If you can be as cautious and law-abiding as I am afraid of heaven and earth, not only will the people be safe, but you will also be happy forever. The ancients said, "A wise man's wealth impairs his ambition, while a fool's wealth leads to his mistakes." More money is not necessarily a good thing (Tang Taizong said in the early years of Zhenguan that treasures are "things outside the body"), which can be a profound warning. If you are greedy for self-interest, it will not only corrupt the law and discipline, but also harm people. Don't you often feel uneasy even if things don't come to light? People are always in a state of fear and will get sick after a long time. Fear of accepting bribes and death is not uncommon. Can a gentleman endanger his life because he is greedy for money for a while, and let future generations hold their heads in front of others? You should consider my words carefully.
Emperor Taizong took the pulse of corrupt officials well. He knew what corrupt officials were thinking. The psychology of corrupt officials in ancient and modern times is the same. Didn't we hear that some exposed corrupt officials were like frightened birds before being arrested by "double regulations"? They were terrified at the sound of the police car and turned pale at the sight of the people in the procuratorate? Corrupt officials can never face the world calmly as long as they extend their greedy hands, and they will live in fear when there is no peace. This is true of corrupt officials in ancient and modern times. What Tang Taizong said above will shock the princes and ministers present-whether they are honest or greedy. For officials, anti-corruption education is essential and extremely important. There is no anti-corruption education, only anti-corruption education can not be broken.
I hope it helps you.