(50 articles)
1. Analects of Confucius
2. I want what I want, and Mencius.
3. Born in sorrow, died in happiness "Mencius"
4. Cao Gui debated Zuo Zhuan.
5. Zou Ji satirized Wang Qi's Warring States policy.
6. Be a model.
7. Tao Qian in the Peach Blossom Garden
8. Three Gorges Li Daoyuan
9. Ma said Han Yu
10. Simple room Liu Ming Yuxi
1 1. Xiaoshitang remembers Liu Zongyuan.
12. Yueyang Tower: Fan Zhongyan
13. Zuiweng Pavilion: Ouyang Xiu
14. Ailian said Zhou Dunyi.
15. Su Shi visited Chengtian Temple at night.
16. Send Dongyang Horse (excerpt) to Song Lian.
17. The Book of Songs by Guan Ju (Guan Ju Ge)
18. The Book of Songs
19. Looking at the Sea (Oriental Jieshi) Cao Cao
20. Drinking (building a house is under human conditions) Tao Qian
2 1. Say goodbye to the viceroy and go to Shu for his post.
22. Wang Wan, the next berth of Beibao Mountain (winding under the castle peak)
23. Get to the frontier (Bike wants to ask) Wang Wei
24. I heard that Wang Changling left Longbiao kiln and gave this to Li Bai.
25. It's hard to go (pure wine, for a golden cup, a hip flask with 10 thousand coppers) Li Bai.
26. Wang Yue (the grandeur of Mount Tai! ) Du Fu
27. Wang Chun (the mountains and rivers last forever) Du Fu
28. The hut was broken by the autumn wind (the autumn wind roared in August) Du Fu
29 Bai Xuege farewell Tian Wu Gui (the north wind rolled white grass fold)
30. In early spring, he presented Han Yu, the minister of water resources.
3 1. Enjoy Lotte and present Liu Yuxi's first meeting in Yangzhou.
32. Look at cutting wheat (Tian Jiayu) Bai Juyi
33. Qian Tang Lake Spring Tour Bai Juyi
34. Yanmen Taishouhang (dark clouds crush the city) Li He
35. Red Cliff (broken halberd and heavy sand iron not sold) Du Mu
36. Bo Qinhuai (smoke cage cold water moon cage sand) Du Mu
37. A note to a friend in the north on a rainy night (your return date is undetermined) Li Shangyin
38. Untitled (I have known her for a long time, but it has been longer since we broke up) Li Shangyin.
39. Ying Huan (going to the West Wing alone) Li Yu
40. The pride of the fisherman (the scenery in Qiu Lai is different) Fan Zhongyan
4 1. Huanxisha (a new song and a glass of wine) Yan Shu
42. Deng Feilai Peak (Chihiro Tower on Feilai Peak) Wang Anshi
43. Jiang (the old man talks about juvenile madness) Su Shi
44. Shuidiao Song (When is the bright moon) Su Shi
45. Visit Shanxi Village (don't laugh at the farmer's wine and wine).
46. Broken array (drunk while watching the sword) Xin Qiji
47. Cross the ocean (once the hard work comes) Wen Tianxiang
48. Tianjingsha Qiu Si (dead vine old tree faint crow) Ma Zhiyuan
49. Goat Tongguan Huaigu Zhang
50. Gong Zizhen Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems
2
(14 articles)
5 1. Advise Xunzi
52. Wandering freely (fish in the north ... saints unknown) Zhuangzi.
53. The teacher said Han Yu
54. Epang Palace gave Du Mu.
55. Red Wall Fu Su Shi
56. Self-protection of the Book of Songs
57. Li Sao (I take a long breath to hide my tears ... how can I punish my heart) Qu Yuan.
58. It is difficult for Li Bai to get through the Shu Road.
59. Climb Du Fu
60. Pipa line Bai Juyi
6 1. Golden Li Shangyin
62. Yu Meiren (when is the spring flower and the autumn moon) Li Yu
63. "Nian Nujiao" Su Shi
64. Yong Yule (eternal Jiangshan) Xin Qiji
2. Improve the appreciation ability of classical Chinese poetry in senior high school. Some students in our class appreciate China's ancient poems. When they encounter classical Chinese, they first analyze the sentence, delimit the sentence components, and divide the subject, predicate, object and definite complement first, so that they can grasp the general idea of the sentence more accurately. Then, find out the key words according to experience. Generally speaking, there are two key words in a sentence. If there are only two points, there is only one keyword. Keywords are generally difficult to use in real words. It may also be a special use of function words. For example, "so" is two independent words in ancient Chinese. As the structure of a word, it also has a special usage: "Generally speaking, you won't make a big mistake by using the method of ……". There are some very detailed things, you have to sum them up yourself. You can come to me later if you need it. Although I seldom use Baidu hi, it will definitely help to see it. The usage of words in classical Chinese is generally regular, and the deduction of each question is not only the coherence of the overall meaning, but also a score for keyword translation. When you see the translation problems of classical Chinese sentences, analyze them first. Generally speaking, it is a verb or function word with special usage (such as "so"), which can be understood as "it is very important to understand the meaning of that sentence and find out the key sentences by means of ……". This is best achieved by exclusion. It is suggested that after reading the complete text, read the third multiple-choice question first, which is generally a topic with the general idea of the full text, which can help you understand. Classical Chinese actually focuses on the usual accumulation, accumulating the usage of some commonly used real words and function words, and summing up some rules, because many phrases were not used together in ancient times, such as "so" and "thought", which depend on your usual attention and summary. I suggest you buy an ancient Chinese dictionary and read more. When learning classical Chinese, if you have questions, don't listen to the teacher in a hurry. Look it up in the dictionary first, so that you will be more impressed and remember some other usages. If you buy a dictionary, you can buy one from People's Daily Publishing House, which is more suitable for students and has a more comprehensive meaning. Poetry appreciation, the first is to find images, and the third is to analyze thoughts and feelings. Images in poetry can often reflect the emotions contained in poetry, but many people like to mix them together and have different meanings. But if you get a poem, you must first determine whether it is a poem describing the object or history, or simply expressing your feelings. Most of the topics are lyrics. Secondly, just find out the images and words that express emotions in poetry. Then analyze the main expressive techniques or artistic techniques used in poetry. For example, direct expression of mind, symbol, metaphor, exaggeration, personification, seeing the big from the small, satirizing the present from the ancient, conveying feelings from things, etc. This requires you to memorize common expressions. Finally, thoughts and emotions are analyzed through the images that can reflect emotions found in the first step. When answering, you can use this format, "The poet/poet borrowed the artistic technique of ..."
3. There are generally two ways to appreciate classical Chinese in senior high school: (1) comprehensive analysis-express your views through the overall analysis of the whole poem.
In this style, the more complete writing is: a. Introduction to the author. B. brief introduction to the writing background of the work.
C image analysis of works (interpretation or translation of poems, emotions and thoughts expressed in poems, artistic conception expressed in poems). D. analysis of artistic techniques of works (usually combined with image analysis of works).
E. comprehensive evaluation of the artistic features of the work (often with the meaning of summary). If completeness is not required, the author's introduction and writing background can be omitted.
⑵ Theme analysis-analyze the most prominent aspects of poetry and express your own views. When using this writing method, we often only grasp one aspect, such as artistic conception, language expression, the beauty of expressing thoughts and feelings in some way and so on.
Other aspects are ignored, so its length is generally short and small. It must be pointed out that no matter which writing method is adopted, the appreciator should have his own understanding and analysis of the poem, and try to avoid imitating others or even copying it.
How to appreciate ancient poetry is one of the important purposes of our study of ancient literature, and it is also a basis for our further study. So how should we analyze classical poetry? First of all, we must understand poetry, which requires us to have a correct understanding of every word and sentence of a poem. If we don't even understand the original meaning of a poem, how can we analyze and appreciate it? When talking about poetry appreciation, Mr. Wu Xiaoru once put forward "general interpretation" and "clear allusions", which are the basis of understanding a poem.
For us, there are more or less language barriers in classical poetry. For some poems, we have to rely on the comments of our predecessors to understand them. Moreover, allusions are often used in classical poetry, and it is also very important to understand the meaning of allusions correctly.
The ancients said that "a poem has nothing to say", and the understanding of a poem can naturally be different, but after all, there is still a relatively objective standard, that is, rationality. At least I think this understanding is reasonable, and the analysis of ideological content and artistic techniques on this basis can be convincing. On the basis of understanding poetry, we can analyze poetry from the following aspects: First, to understand the creative background and writing situation of poetry, and to deeply analyze poetry works, we must first understand the author.
Mencius once put forward the literary criticism method of "knowing people and discussing the world". The so-called "understanding people and discussing the world" is to deeply understand the poet's life, thought, morality, experience and the times in which he lived, which is very helpful for us to correctly understand his works. For example, after we understand the political situation in the middle Tang Dynasty and Liu Zongyuan's experience, we can better understand the attitude of avoiding the world and taking care of mountains and rivers in Fisherman.
The second is to analyze the ideological content and artistic characteristics of the work itself. For shorter works, such as metrical poems and quatrains, we can analyze them sentence by sentence, and for longer works, we can analyze problems or paragraphs. This is the main body of job analysis.
The works we analyze must have appreciation value. When we read a poem, we will have some feelings. We write an analysis article to show the value of the work and express our feelings. The analysis of works is also a process of re-creation, so we should pay attention to the choice of words and try our best to make the language beautiful and concise. Third, we can compare and analyze other works that are comparable to the works, and better grasp the ideological and artistic nature of poetry in comparison.
For example, Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower" and Meng Haoran's "To Dongting Lake" are both excellent works describing Dongting Lake, but we will find that "Climbing Yueyang Tower" shows Du Fu's concern for the fate of the country and the sufferings of people's livelihood, while "To Dongting Lake" is only limited to self-pity for personal sufferings. In contrast, the hearts and personalities of these two poets. Fourthly, we should know the status and influence of the works, which is also a way for us to better grasp the works. For example, if we know that Ode to an Orange is the first complete object-chanting poem in the history of China's poetry, we can better understand that the technique of "expressing one's will by supporting things" is the original creation of Ode to an Orange, which has had an immeasurable influence on later object-chanting poems.
4. Reading and answering methods of classical Chinese, modern Chinese and ancient poetry in senior high school; The answering skills of modern Chinese reading prose in senior high school: the classification of expression skills:1; Expression method ① Narrative skills: inserting pen: make necessary preparations for the central event to make the plot more complete and the content more abundant.
Flashback: Set suspense, stimulate readers' interest and achieve the effect of voice expression. (untested) 2 Description skills: the role of description: 1 Reproduce natural scenery.
② Describe the appearance and inner world of the characters. ③ Explain the natural and social environment of the characters' activities.
Profile description (contrast): Using another thing with similar or opposite characteristics as a positive and negative contrast can highlight the content to be expressed. Positive description: rendering: strong and colorful description can infect readers; Sketch: concise and vivid.
Description of scenery environment: highlight environmental characteristics, contrast characters, render atmosphere and contrast themes. Detail description and psychological description: let the characters plump up and enhance their appeal.
3 narrative person skills: first person: kind and natural, able to express feelings freely, giving readers a real and vivid feeling. The second person said: it can enhance lyricism and intimacy and facilitate emotional communication.
The third person: can directly show colorful life, not limited by time and space, and reflect reality flexibly and freely. (I used to take exams often, but now I hardly take exams) 4 Discuss skills.
At the beginning or end, it is often the main idea of the article; The middle often plays a transitional role and leads to the main idea. ⑤ Lyric skills: direct lyric and indirect lyric.
Can set the tone of the article at the beginning; Can sublimate the theme at the end. 2. Expression techniques use the described environment and atmosphere to set off the subject and things, express the center and express strong feelings.
Pave the way for the appearance of the main characters or the occurrence of major events, and create momentum for the description of the environment, artistic conception and atmosphere. Contrast, in the contrast of two opposite things, highlights the subject, highlights the front, and makes the image clear.
Rendering creates an atmosphere with colorful descriptions, paves the way for writing, highlights the character and enhances the appeal. Symbols express abstract things as concrete and perceptible images, and also make the meaning to be expressed implicit and profound.
To express one's will by supporting things, one can express the deep meaning deeply and vividly by describing specific things. Associative imagination, association, is a psychological process from one thing to another; Imagination is the process of creating a new image on the basis of the original perceptual image.
It can enrich the content of the article and make the image more full and vivid. The combination of repression and encouragement, praise first, loss first, sharp contrast, strong contrast, has received special results.
Seeing the big from the small, that is, reflecting major themes from ordinary and subtle things, can highlight the center and has a strong shock. The combination of reality and fiction can grasp the key points and highlight the essential characteristics of things, thus highlighting the characteristics of things, scenery or people and revealing the main idea more intensively.
3. Rhetoric skills such as metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, antithesis, rhetorical questions, repetition and rhetorical questions. Metaphor, personification and parallelism are the most frequently examined.
Metaphor can make abstract things vivid and concrete, and profound truths easy to understand. Personification can make readers have strong feelings and cause * * *.
Parallelism can strongly express thoughts and feelings. Discussion can increase language potential and make reasoning more thorough; Lyric, can incisively and vividly.
4. Layout planning skills connect the preceding with the following → lead out the full text → cause the following → natural transition → echo before and after → foreshadowing care → create suspense → take care of the beginning → summarize the above → summarize the details. At the beginning of an article or paragraph-① always guide the whole text; 2 lead to the following or lead to the topic; (3) pave the way or compare for the following; (4) create an atmosphere and lay an emotional tone; ⑤ create suspense.
The middle of an article or paragraph-① plays a transitional role in connecting the preceding with the following; 2 echo before and after; (3) pave the way for the following, resulting in the following; Considering the above, change the topic. The end of an article or paragraph-① sublimate feelings; ② Deepen the theme; ③ Summarize the above; 4 Zhang Xianzhi, point out the theme; ⑤ Echoing the beginning makes the structure of the article round; ⑥ Incoherence makes the article euphemistic and implicit.
The role of the topic in the text-first, it plays a clue role and runs through the whole text; The second is to set suspense to stimulate readers' interest in reading; The third is to point out the theme. 5. Skills of expressing answers-cut, change, write 1, cut.
Interception means that the answer to the question is a sentence or a word in the original text. We just need to remove it or cut it out and write it on the answer sheet as required. 2. change.
Change means that after we find out the sentence where the answer to the question lies, because the sentence does not meet the writing requirements or contains messy information that does not meet the meaning of the question, we need to reform it. At this time, it is necessary to choose useful language information according to the meaning of the question for reorganization and expression. 3. write it.
The answers to some reading questions can't be found in the original sentence, so it is necessary to grasp the first paragraph as a whole or fully understand the context to realize the answers. Such a topic requires us to express the meaning of the answer in our own language.
To do this kind of questions, the answer writing should strictly abide by the three principles mentioned in the first point, thoroughly understand the main points of the answer, correctly understand the scope, angle and way of expression, and express it in standardized sentences. Answer the questions skillfully, narrate lyrical writing, discuss lyrical reasoning, and discuss the lyrical writing style, set the structure (clue, structure), set the center (theme of the article), set the characteristics, write the scenery, lyrical reasoning (borrowing things, borrowing people, and borrowing questions), answer the questions, locate the words, and focus on more associations. Step 1: Clear the content, browse the given reading materials as a whole, mainly read the title, the beginning and end of the article and the beginning of each paragraph.
Determine which aspect of social life the given material is about, whether it is about expressing life feelings or discussing literary and artistic issues; Is to pay attention to narrative and lyricism. It is still very important to discuss things rationally, trace the reasons and distinguish between true and false.
(2) Effective ways to read and understand quickly: clear your mind, summarize links and condense them into words. The first step: break the whole into parts, mark the natural paragraphs as a unit, mark the paragraphs and turning sentences, mark the time words of the event stage process, mark the semantic causality, turning and juxtaposition between paragraphs, mark the hierarchical total words, mark the demonstrative pronouns between paragraphs, and express the central sentence of the paragraphs. Step 2: Break the whole into parts, merge, extract and merge, and summarize.
5. What ancient prose titles are helpful to improve the reading of ancient prose in senior high school? In fact, if reading only a few texts can improve the reading level of ancient Chinese, in my opinion, I am afraid it is biased.
However, if you are eager for success, in my opinion, the following articles are the most suitable: 1, Preface to Lanting Collection 2, Encourage Learning 3, Teacher's Remarks 4, Ten Apologies of Emperor Taizong 5, Preface to Ji Xiang's Xuanzhi Lanting Collection is Wang Xizhi's masterpiece, and both calligraphy and writing are first-class. Persuasion is a famous work of Xunzi, among which epigrams are the most thought-provoking.
Han can be called a master of ancient Chinese prose, and the chapters in textbooks are one in a million. Ten thoughts on admonishing Taizong represents the literature of the early Tang Dynasty and the literature of admonition. Its prose is parallel prose, but it is not artificial, and it is really a good product.
And "The Mystery of Jixiang" is Gui Youguang's work of looking at and thinking about people. The whole article is full of affection and makes people cry. Some people may say that Teng's preface is good, but this film is a work for teenagers. Although the article is good, it is only limited to the age. Teenagers are articles, and it is inevitable that they are arrogant and flashy, among which emotions are mostly embarrassing.
6. Who has the answers to 60 ancient poems and classical Chinese reading training in senior high school? Reference answer for reading training of ancient poems 1. Feel (7) (1) disturbance (2) cold, and then know that pine and cypress are dying (3) you plant your peach trees and your plums, and you forget the shade of this other tree. The kind of pillow and bowl (1) that I went all the way down to Nanshan went to the door made of vines to have a rest (Luo Fu dressed or chatted with me, and I was glad to have a chance to have a rest. 3. Through Hucheng County (1), Zeng (2) and Zhu Gu (3), the crime of the feudal rulers harming the people was deeply exposed.
4. Drinking the bright moon alone (1) (1) is close to me. I understand that only Tianhe (2) was not invited. I sang. The moon encourages me and I dance. My shadow fell after meeting in a fairyland in the distant sky. 5. Chunsi (1) "The grass in your north is as blue as jade". (2) personification.
6. Mi Yue (1) leaped over nature (2) Six Scenery II (3) Expressed the poet's ambition of not being afraid of difficulties and daring to climb, and showed his indomitable character and lofty political ambition; 7. Gift for Wei Ba Chu Shi (1) When did you happily order to return the wine glasses, which were arranged in succession and filled with wine? (2)*** This candle is lit by it, and it is almost as difficult for friends to meet. Just like your love will always be in my heart? Entertain him warmly. (1) Where did you go to see him off? (2) Not satisfied. (3) Ease and envy of fame and fortune. (3) The torrent buzzes on the piled rocks, but the light becomes dim in the dense pine trees, or the nut horns shake on the surface of the entrance, and weeds flourish along the river bank.
(Analysis omitted) 10. The fisherman's proud words "the flower bottom suddenly smells and knocks two oars", "smell" and "knock", without writing people, people show themselves, and the word "paddle" does not write about the boat, and the boat is comfortable, and the word "flower bottom" is used to set off the paddlers. The second sentence, "wandering around looking for a visit with a female companion", only points out the gender of people and people.
"Wandering around" instantly shows the skillful boating skills of women in water towns and their desire to meet each other, and the characters are written with great momentum. The phrase "wine lamp" describes girls drinking and having fun.
The word "Xuan", together with the words "Hu" and "Wandering" above, combined into a series of fast-paced movements, which showed the girls' youthful and lively manners vividly and charmingly. The sentence "Lotus Boat" writes lotus leaves into cups.
It is said that the lotus leaf was picked from the stem, pierced the hollow of the leaf heart with a needle, held the lotus leaf in one hand, poured the wine into the hollow heart as a wine glass, and sucked it at the end of the stem. Between the lotus fragrance and the swaying canoe, several naive girls made cups with lotus leaves, and everyone scrambled to suck the alcohol in the lotus cup. What a vivid and simple picture of a happy daughter! Then gently swinging the lotus boat, clear water microwave, the wine in the lotus cup also slightly shaking, reflecting the red face of the lotus and the wine red on the girl's cheek, like a red wave.
"The sanhua is fragrant and the cheeks are red." It is a cross description of flowers, wine and people. The fragrance of flowers and wine is mixed with each other, and the blush of flowers and the blush of face reflect each other.
Flowers, people and wine are all immersed in a kind of "fragrance" and "red". This is the lively atmosphere, to * * *.
The phrase "drunk in the shade of a tree, sleeping in the bank" changed from lively to quiet. Choose the word "green" to make people have a strong contrast between color and sound in vision and hearing, thus forming an extraordinary aesthetic feeling.
The following two sentences have made another turning point, from "sleeping" to "waking", from "static" to "moving", with the word "surprised" as the link of the turning point. Especially the word "Jing" is the following link.
The girls were drunk and fell asleep under the shade of lotus leaves, but the boat drifted with the wind because no one paddled and finally ran aground on the beach. "Startled up" means waking up to see this embarrassing scene, which not only makes you feel drunk, but also hides the word "awake".
1 1. Qiu Deng Wanshan sends Zhang Wu (1). My hometown folks and I looked at the riverbank at the crossing of Pingsha. There were trees like a row of grass on the horizon and islands like a full moon by the river. (2) Send loneliness (loneliness) and melancholy (blank). (3) Spend the Double Ninth Festival with old friends. * */ Summer Nanting Sixin (65438) "Wind sends lotus fragrance, and bamboo leaves drip"; "I will pick up my lute and play, but, alas, who here will understand?" And so on. You can appreciate it from the perspectives of part of speech, emotion, state of matter and melody. ) 13. A boat on Ruoya Lake in spring (1) Fanchunjiang moonlit flower path (2) Entertainment (3) Love to live alone, indulge in self-adaptation; I am willing to be a hermit with a fishing rod and pursue a "quiet" life.
14. Retreat in Wang Changlin (1) Lonely Cloud (2) The former: accommodation; The latter: a metaphor for a quiet night. (3) It can be analyzed from the perspective of duality.
15.( 1) Daozhou, Yongzhou and Shao, thieves of Xiyuan, advised officials not to suffer hardships and not to levy taxes. (2) Living comfortably and peacefully. (3) The performance of "thief" is: but the town is so small, the thief is spared, and the people are so poor and pitiful; The expression of "emissary" is: like a creature fried on a fire, a person collected today. (4) I would rather abandon my official position than be a so-called loyal minister or a virtuous minister.
I'd rather retire from the Jianghu and lead a clean life than do harm for the people. 16. Park in Yuyi District at dusk (1) and park in the city (2) The wind is rising and sinking (3) Loneliness (4) Sinking where waves are aroused by sudden breeze.
The dark people in the city all went home to rest, and the Moon Bay also lived there. 17. Xiju (1) dragged herself into exile. (2) I was troubled by the official hat and robe for so long. (3) It's okay. 18. Weicheng Qu (1) has soaked the old friends in the hotel (2) Weicheng is sunny in spring, and full of green (3) willow trees (19).
Intertextuality (3) hopes to calm the chaos and stabilize the border defense.
20. Farewell to friends in the Spring Festival Evening (1) makes people who want to leave relatively speechless, just staring at the smoke of silver candles. (2) From the room in the previous sentence to the outside, the high shadow covered the bright moon in the west, and the long river was submerged in the morning light.
A word "hide" and a word "no" indicate that time urges people to leave, and the inseparable moment has finally arrived. 2 1. Liangzhou Ci (1) Willow in Wan Ren Mountain, the ancient city of the Yellow River and Baiyun (2) Slightly (3) There was a custom of breaking willow to bid farewell in the Tang Dynasty, so I was sad to see willow and even resented listening to the song "Breaking willow".
The spring breeze outside the customs is not strong, and the willows are not green, so you can't fold the willows to express your feelings. Listening to Qu Gengsheng's resentment: "freezing to death", "fighting indefinitely" and "hopeless to go home". However, "complaining" and "worrying" are futile, so we say "why complain".
22. Always in my heart (1) I don't know how to worry. (2) When my husband has not returned, time passes and youth is fleeting.