Hundred Family Surnames is a collection of Han surnames in China, which contains more than 400 surnames. There are more than 400 surnames. Why do you want to put "a thousand grandchildren Zhao Li" in the first place? It turns out. Hundred Family Names was compiled by an old Confucian in Qiantang in the early Song Dynasty. The surname of the Emperor in Song Dynasty is Zhao, and Zhao is a national surname. Qiantang belongs to Zhejiang. At that time, Uncle Qian of the King of Wu occupied Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and Sun was the surname of his princess. Li is the surname of Nantang. So the first sentence is "A Thousand Suns Zhao Li".
Hundred Family Names is a popular literacy textbook in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The author is unknown. This book was written in the early Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty textual research said: "Look at the hundreds of surnames printed on the street, as if they were written by Wang when Qian was in Zhejiang. What is this? The first cloud says:' Zhao, Qian, Sun, Li', Gai Qian's surname is Zhengshuo,' Zhao' is the surname of his country, so' Qian' is the second,' Sun' is the princess, and then' Li' is the surname of Jiangnan. The second sentence said, "Zhou, Wu, Zheng and Wang", and they all went down to the concubines with Wu Su. There are no suspicious people. " According to records, in 960 AD, the Northern Zhou regime was seized and renamed Song. At that time, the whole country was not unified, and the Song Dynasty was powerful, so separatist regimes in southern Tang Dynasty and wuyue paid tribute to the Song Dynasty in succession. Song adhered to the policy of reunifying China by force, and spent more than ten years eliminating separatist forces in various places, finally ending the situation of Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. Among them, Li Jianli's Nantang regime and Qian's wuyue regime perished in 975 and 978 respectively. From 960 AD to 978 AD, the book "Zheng Shuo Feng of Qian Family" lasted 18 years. The conclusion is that Hundred Family Names was written in this period by an unknown "Wang" in wuyue. "Hundred Family Names" begins with "Zhao, Qian, Sun and Li", with Song as the first name and Wu Yueguo as the second. "Sun" was the princess who finally surrendered to Qian (), the monarch of wuyue in the Song Dynasty, and "Li" was the monarch whose surname was Li in the Tang Dynasty. The second sentence "Zhou, Wu, Zheng and Wang" is the surname of the empresses of Qian Liu, the founding monarch of wuyue. Wang Mingqing, a native of Southern Song Dynasty, was close to the publication time of Hundred Family Names. It is reported that Hundred Family Names was popular in Song Dynasty. Therefore, there is no dispute that later generations agree with Wang's statement about the time when Hundred Family Names was written. For example, Zhu Guozhen, a scholar in the DPRK, said: "Today, hundreds of surnames think that they are based on the Song Dynasty, so they start with' Zhao, Qian, Sun and Li' and respect the surnames of the country." Tan Qian also said in Zaolin Art: "Hundreds of surnames are said to have been written by Song people, so they are the first Zhao." However, Tan Qian added: "Nan Yong Zhi has a volume of Tang Yu Shinan's Hundred Family Names." It can be seen that there were hundreds of surnames in the Tang Dynasty, but they were not handed down. Later, Zhao compiled Hundred Family Names in the early Song Dynasty.
Hundreds of Surnames is a book about the surnames of China, which was written in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960). The original surname was 4 1 1, which was later supplemented to 504, including 444 single surnames and 60 compound surnames. Later, it was said that there were 4,000 to 6,000, but only about 1000 was actually used.
The top ten surnames of China people are: Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Chen, Yang, Wu, Liu, Huang and Zhou. These ten surnames account for 40% of China's population, about 400 million people. The next ten surnames are: Xu, Zhu, Lin, Sun, Ma, Gao, Hu, Zheng, Guo and Xiao. It accounts for more than 10% of the population of China. The top ten surnames are Xie, He, Xu, Song, Shen, Luo, Han, Deng, Liang and Ye. It accounts for 10% of the population of China. The next 15 surnames are: Fang, Cui, Cheng, Pan, Cao, Feng, Wang, Cai, Yuan, Lu, Tang, Qian, Du, Peng and Lu, accounting for 10% of the total population.
The ranking order of hundreds of surnames is not according to the actual population of surnames, but because they are easy to read, learn and remember. Hundreds of surnames, together with San and Qian, are also called "three thousand", which is an enlightenment book for children in ancient China. "Qiansun" became the top four surnames among hundreds of surnames because hundreds of surnames were formed in Qiantang area of wuyue in Song Dynasty, so the emperors of Song Dynasty, Zhao, Qian of Wu Yueguo, Qian Chu of Wu Yueguo and Li of Southern Tang Dynasty became the top four surnames. Wang Mingqing's "New Records of Jade Photos" records: "If" Hundred Family Names "was printed in the market, (Wang) tasted it in detail in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it was written by Wang when Qian's family was in the country of Zhejiang. What? Its first cloud:' Qian Sun Zhao Li', Gai Qian's surname is Zhengshuo, and Zhao Ben's surname is Chao Guo, so money is second; Sun Naizhong Yi (money) is a princess; Secondly, Jiangnan is leeward. In the second sentence, the cloud' Wu Zhou Zheng Wang' all died. " The first kind: take the totem worship of ancestors as the surname. Some experts and scholars believe that some of China's hundreds of surnames have evolved from totems, such as bear, horse, ox, sheep, dragon, phoenix, mountain, water, flower and leaf. But unfortunately, this is just some speculation. Due to the age, there is no evidence to test in prehistoric times, and I don't know which surnames originated from totem worship. Because today's surnames such as "bear", "horse", "cow", "dragon" and "flower" can be found in history books and legends, but they have nothing to do with totems. The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in the land of Zhuolu, and once cited "bear, black, raccoon, raccoon and tiger". These "bears, scorpions, raccoons and tigers" may be the names of totem clans. However, it is difficult to find out which of these clan names have been handed down and become the surnames of their descendants.
According to the well-documented book Guoyu Yujin, "In the past, I married a surname and gave birth to Huangdi and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor was made of water, and the Yan Emperor was made of Jiang Shui. Cheng is different from virtue, so the Yellow Emperor is the discipline, Yan Emperor is the ginger, and the two emperors help each other with their teachers, so they are different from virtue. "
Emperor Yan (Shennong) is the son of Shaodian. Because he grew up on the bank of Weihe River, he took Jiang as his surname.
The Yellow Emperor (Xuanyuan) is the son of Shaodian, named Ji because he grew up on the bank of Jishui.
You Jiang (Cheba) and Qiang (Qiang) have different rhymes, but their pronunciation is similar. And both words have the prefix "sheep". A sheep from a woman and a sheep from a man. Judging from the composition of the word "Qiang", Qiang is a "sheep man". In the late ancient times, Qiang people lived in the north of China, and the totem of their tribe or clan might be sheep. Jiang nationality is a branch of Qiang nationality. Probably because of a phonetic error, the Qiang nationality was changed to the Jiang nationality. Perhaps because of the influence of matriarchal clan, the "person" under the sheep became the "woman" under the sheep. It is no accident that Emperor Yan took "Jiang" as his surname. Emperor Yan was the leader of the clan and tribe of the ancient Qiang nationality. Emperor Yan; A branch of the ancient Qiangrong tribe headed by the Yellow Emperor, originally living in Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai, merged with Dongyi and other tribes in the process of entering the Central Plains eastward and became the predecessor of the Han nationality-Huaxia.
The second type: take the words in the ancestors' names as surnames.
"Mandarin Today" says: "The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons and fourteen sons have surnames, making a total of twelve surnames." Later, many people thought that the descendants of the Yellow Emperor later branched into countless other surnames, which constituted the mainstream of the Chinese nation.
The surnames of the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor are twelve: Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Xun, Nuo, Yi and Yi.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Lingwang had a son named "Prince Nianfu" ("Nianfu" should be his name, while "Prince" indicates his identity, such as "Childe" and "Gongsun"). The descendants of Nian Fu took the word "Nian" in his name as their surname.
Bear, one of the five ancient emperors, has Zhuan Xu (Nao Xu, Ji surname). Later, when Li was rewarded by the emperor, he served as a fire official and was given the title of "Zhu Rong's" by the emperor. * * * Gong Shi insurrection, Zhu Rong was ordered to counter-insurgency. Although the rebellion was put down, Zhu Rong did not wipe out all the members of Gong Shi, and Zhu Rong was convicted and executed by Yu Di. After Zhu Rong's death, his brother Ng Wui served as a fire officer, still known as Zhu Rong's. Wu Hui has a son named Lv Zhong, who married the sister of the head of the haunted house family and gave birth to eight sons. The sixth one is Ji Lian.
Niu: After Zhengzi in the Western Zhou and Song Dynasties, there was a shepherd. Niu Wen. Niu Wen later took the word "Niu" as his surname.
Fish: It comes from the surname. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Song Xianggong's younger brother was "Sima Yuzi" (Sima was an official position and Yu Zi was a Chinese character). Later generations took their fish as their surname.
Jing: During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor named Jing Bo. Jing Bo takes his word "Jing" as his surname. After the fall of Jin, Jing Bo's descendant Jing fled to Thailand. Qin Mugong took Jingxi as a doctor, gave the city "Bailixi" and named Jingxi "Bailixi". I bought it in a hundred miles, and I still take "Jing" as my surname.
Grazing: In ancient times, the Yellow Emperor took "Li Mu" as the phase. Li Mu's descendants took the word "animal husbandry" as their surname.
Finally: In ancient times, the son of Zhu Rong's brother Ng Wui (later called Zhu Rong's family) was "Lu Zhong". Some of Lu Zhong's descendants took the word "final" as their surname.
Chang: In ancient times, the Yellow Emperor took "Chang Xian" as the phase. The descendants of Chang Xian take the word "Chang" as their surname.
Kong: Last name. Zhou Wuwang sealed the merchant Wei Zi in the Song Dynasty, and Wei Yu inherited the fief from his brother Zhong You after his death. After Zhongyan, there was a great-grandson named Jia, whose name was Confucius. Mu, his son, took the word "Kong" as his surname and settled in Shandong.
Lian: Zhuan Xu's great-grandson was named Lian, and later generations took Lian as their surname.
Le: I gave my son's surname. The son of the Song Dynasty took the word "Le" as his father, and later generations took the word "Le" as their surname.
Pi: There was a doctor named Fan Zhongpi in Zhou, and his descendants took the word "Pi" in their ancestors' names as their surnames.
G: Because of Jiang's surname. Qi Wengong is taller than his son. Later generations took the word "Gao" in Gongzi Gao as their surname.
The third type: take the name of the fief and the country name as the surname.
Song: From the surname of Zi. According to the Book of the Tang Dynasty, the Prime Minister's Lineage Table, after the Duke of Zhou put down the Wukang Rebellion in the 10th century BC, Wei, his flat brother, was sealed in the Song State, and his capital was Shangqiu (in the south of Shangqiu County, Henan Province). In 286 BC, the State of Song was destroyed by the State of Qi, and his son and grandson took the original country name "Song" as their surname.
Zhao: A descendant of Boyi, Zhao Fu trained a horse. Zhou Muwang often travels around in a carriage driven by Zhao Fu. If something happens to the DPRK, Zaofu will drive the horses and chariots back in time with skillful driving skills. Zhao Fu was sealed in Zhao (north of Zhao City, Hongtong County, Shanxi Province) for riding a horse, and later took "Zhao" as his surname.
Wu: Because of Ji's surname. Zhou Wuwang sealed Zhong Yong's great-grandson in Wu (Suzhou, Jiangsu) and established the State of Wu. Their descendants take the country name as their surname.
Zheng: Because of Ji's surname. Three letters in the weekly calendar were written by friends in Zheng (east of hua county, Shaanxi), and the State of Zheng was established. The descendants of friends take "Zheng" as their surname.
Chen: After the destruction of business, Sun Manchen (Huaiyang, Henan) pursued the wind and shunza. According to the rules of Ji Du Ming's family, his name is Chen, hence his name. He talks little and talks little. After his death, he was named the ancestor of the Chen family.
W: Because of Ji's surname. Take uncle Mo and uncle Sun as their surname.
Jiang: Because of Ji's surname. The son of Zhou Feng, Gan Boling, was Jiang (now northeast of Gushi County), who founded Jiang Guo and later took the country name as his surname.
Shen: Because of Ji's surname. His son was bribed to build a country in Shen (north of Pingyu County, Henan Province), and later took the country name as his surname.
H: Because of Ji's surname. Zhou Wuwang's youngest son was sealed in North Korea (northeast of Hejin County, Shanxi Province) and was destroyed by the State of Jin. Uncle Huan's son Wan was sealed in North Korea. Wan's descendants took the surname.
Qin: I won my last name. After Boyi, there is a winner. Zhou is not good at breeding good horses. Filial piety is a vassal state for its meritorious service in raising horses. Qin Zhong, the grandson of Fei Zi, was promoted to a vassal for his meritorious service. Qin unified the world and established the Qin Dynasty. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, his grandson changed his surname to Qin Wei.
Xu: Because of Jiang's surname, he is a descendant of Shennong. Zhou Wuwang conferred the title of Uncle Seo Woo and established Guo Xu. Later, he took the country name as his surname.
Lu: Because of Jiang's surname, he is a descendant of Shennong. Being the master and the post-doctrine, he helped Dayu to control the water, and was sealed in Lu for his merits. Later, he took the country name as his surname.
Qi: Qi City (now the site of Qi City in Puyang City, Henan Province) was the fief of Sun Lin, the father of the great patriotic doctor. Sun Lin's father's grandson takes the city name as his surname.
Xie: Xie (south of Tangxian County, Henan Province) was named Shen Hou, and one of Shen Hou's descendants took his fief as his surname.
Zou: Cao had a fief in Zhu in the Zhou Dynasty and was named Zou in the Warring States Period. One of his descendants took the country name as his surname.
Bai: Yes. Bai Zhao is the master of Emperor Yan, and the other is the master of Di Ku. His son and grandson took Bai (southeast of Wuyang County, Henan Province) as their surname, and later took the name of fief.
Zhang: Jiang's surname. Name the illegitimate child Guo (East of Dongping County, Shandong Province). The descendants of Qi Huangong's illegitimate child were sealed in the state of Yan and went to town as their surname.
Su: Fan, the youngest son of Zhuan Xu's descendants, was sealed in Kunwu, and Fan's illegitimate son was sealed in Su (wen county, Henan). Later, he took the country name as his surname.
Pam: My fifteenth son is named Gao. He was named Bi and Bi Gaogong. Hua was sealed in Pan, and later took the fief as his surname.
G: I can't win. Zhuan Xu was later sealed in Ge (northeast of Ningling County, Henan Province). Later, the fief was taken as the surname.
Fan: There was a doctor named Du Bo. His son Du was demoted to the State of Jin and was named Tai Wei. He takes the official name as his surname.
Peng: Qian keng, the third son of Zhuan Xu descendant Lv Zhong, was given the surname by Peng (a native of Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and later generations took Peng as their surname.
Lu: Because of Ji's surname. Zhou Gongdan's Er Gambo bird was sealed in Lu State (Qufu, Shandong Province) and established Lu State. Children who are afraid of eating take the country name as their surname.
W: From Levi's. Xia lived in the southeast of hua county, Henan, and was a vassal all the way, also known as the founding of the People's Republic of China. Wei Jun's descendants take the country as their surname.
Miao: The King of Chu ordered Yin to confront the pursuit of Jin. The blocked Miao Yi (southwest of Jiyuan City, Henan Province). Huang Wenbin, also known as Miao Huang Wenbin,
Later generations took Miao as their surname.
Ren: Out of Xiong's house. The son of the Yellow Emperor was appointed as the surname.
Liu: The son of the public is exhibiting, and the grandson of the son's exhibition is fearless in the name of his grandfather. Zhan Wu's son is an exhibitor. The fief of the exhibition bird is Liu Xia. After his death, he won the honor. Therefore, they were all called Liu Xiahui, and their descendants took the first word "Liu Xia" as their surname.
The fourth type: take occupation or official position as the surname.
Situ: In ancient times, it was said that the official name had been established in the Yao and Shun period and lasted until the Qin and Han Dynasties. Anyone who takes this official position as the surname is the compound surname "Situ".
Sikong: It is said that this is an official position in ancient times, specializing in water conservancy projects all over the world. Dayu's official position was common during the reign of Emperor Yao. Among the descendants of Dayu, some people take this as their surname.
Sima: The official post established in ancient times was a military commander. Once a descendant of the official Sima, some took this official as their surname.
The fifth type: take the name of mountains and rivers as the surname.
Joe: Because of the bear family. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, he was buried in Qiao Shan. Among the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, there is a tomb guard named Lingshan. "Bridge" is the surname, and later generations take wood as "Joe".
Jiang: It belongs to Shennong. Emperor Yan Shennong lived in Jiang Shui, a tributary of Weihe River, so he took Weihe River as his surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the feudal countries such as Qi, Shen, Lu and Xu all took Jiang as their surname.
Sixth: take the place of residence as the surname.
Dong Guo: Because of Jiang's surname. Guo, the city wall built by ancient people on the outskirts of the city, Dongguo, is near the east wall of the outer city. Some descendants of Qi Huangong lived in the east and west of Linzi, and were called Doctor Dongguo. Later generations took Dong as their surname.
East gate: Chu Ji's surname. Duke Zhuang of Lu was named Gongzi Sui and Xiang Zhong. He lives next to the East Gate of Qufu City, and is called East Gate Xiang Zhong. After that, take Dongmen as the surname.
Simon: During the Spring and Autumn Period, both the State of Qi and the State of Zheng had public doctors who lived near the west gate of the capital, and some descendants took Simon as their surname.
Seventh: take the name of the tribe as the surname.
Huyan: During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huyan Department of Xiongnu entered the Central Plains; Later, his descendants in China took Huyan, the name of the original tribe, as their surname.
Murong: During the Three Kingdoms period, Mo, the leader of Xianbei nationality, led his troops to move to the west of Liaoning, and then moved to the north of Changli County, Hebei Province. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Mohubao took Murong as his family name. People in the post-Murong tribe take Murong as their surname.
Yuwen: Xianbei people call heaven "Yu", and Yuwen means "Tianzi". Yuwen is a Xianbei tribe. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wen Zi tribes entered the Central Plains and took Yuwen as their surname.
Wei Chi: Wei Chi Department is also a tribe of Xianbei nationality, and people in Wei Chi Department later took the tribe name as their surname.
Wanxian: Wanxian was originally the name of Xianbei tribe. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wan Yi tribes entered the Central Plains and were named after them.
Eighth: Take the eyesight at birth as the surname.
Wu: When Zhou's son was born, his palm print was "Wu". Therefore, the word is named Wu Wei.
Ninth: Take posthumous title as the surname.
For example, hou zhuang was originally Kang's younger brother Kang Shu. The so-called "new moon" is the title given to emperors, nobles and ministers after their death according to their deeds before their death.
The tenth type: change the surname because of avoiding disaster, taboo and suspicion.
G: Out of Yang's house. There were four sons in the Han Dynasty. When the family fortune fell, the four sons fled, and one of them took refuge in Youzhou. Change the surname to Gui.
Tian: My son has a fake surname. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Chen Wan, the son of Chen Li, fled from disaster, unwilling to take the country name as his surname and changed his surname to "Tian". In the Ming Dynasty, Judy, the prince of Yan, rose up and overthrew Wen Jian in the name of pleasing Huang Zicheng and others. Huang Zicheng's descendants changed their surname to Tian in order to avoid disaster.
Tong: Out of Sima's house. In the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian was convicted for his words, and his second son fled to avoid disaster. The eldest son takes "horse" plus two points as "feng", and the second son takes "si" plus one vertical as "tong".
Eleventh: the emperor gives the surname.
Jin: Those who are honored as the "Western Emperor" are called "Jin" because the West belongs to Jin in the Five Elements Theory. Later generations took Jin as their surname. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Xiongnu King Hugh Dun surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave him the surname Jin and named him Jinrishan.
Liu: I left home. After Yao, Liu Lei became Tang Dou's surname of Zhou Dynasty. She Ji was an official in the state of Jin: a scholar, that is, the Shi family, and later changed from the Shang family to the Liu family. Because Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty, Liu became the most popular name in China. Emperor Gaozu named Xiang Bo Liu because Xiang Bo had helped him in the past.
Zheng: Because of Ji's surname. Zhou Liwang's youngest son is named JUNG WOO, and some of his descendants take the country as their surname. Ma, the eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, was given the surname Zheng by Emperor Yongle, so Ma changed his surname to "Zheng He".
Twelfth: Numerals, ranks and heavenly stems and earthly branches are surnames.
Wan surnamed Ji. Gao, his son, was later called Bi Wan, and some descendants of Bi Wan took the word "Wan" in their ancestors' names as their surnames.
C: I wrote Tai again. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the doctor of the State of Jin was sent to Yu Tai (east of Chengwu, Henan); Later, he took Tai (c) as his surname.
Thirteenth: Ethnic minorities change their surnames in Chinese.
Yuan: During the Spring and Autumn Period, after Yuan Gen, the doctor of Weiguo took Yuan as his surname. In addition, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty promoted the sinicization of Xianbei people, which made Xianbei people speak Chinese with different eyes and changed "Tuoba's family" to "yuanshi county County".
Among the ethnic minorities of the Han nationality, there are also famous Li Keyong and Li. Li Keyong, the son of the leader of Shatuo clan, led Shatuo to help Tang break Chang 'an in Huang Chao, appointed me as the ambassador to Hedong, and made him King of Jin. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, his surname was Li, and he set out to establish the post-Tang Dynasty.
Fourteenth: Han people change their surnames to ethnic minorities.
During the Liao, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, many Han people also became ethnic minorities.
Fifteenth: the surnames of some ethnic minorities.
Manchu has Mukun organization, which was born in surname society and is the basic blood organization that constitutes Manchu society. Mukun is made up of one or several families. Tongmukun has only one surname; Several Mu Kun of the same clan were given several Han surnames. For example, Wu Mukun in Wu Yashi takes Wu, Mu, Bao, Huang and Shao as surnames respectively; Four Mukun of Ningguta family took Liu and Ning as their surnames; Tu is the surname of a branch of the Xitala family (now Yongling Town, Xinbin County), and Zhu is the surname of Mu Kun who lives in Shengjing.
The lineage of Zhuang nationality is calculated according to the paternal line, and the children take the father's surname. A daughter must have a double surname after marriage, that is, the husband's surname comes first and the father's surname comes last. For example, if the husband's surname is Mo and the father's surname is Luo, it is called "Mo Roche". This term is the same as the old customs of the Han nationality (Zhang, Li, etc. ).
Sixteenth: easy to pronounce the wrong surname.
Some surnames are easy to mispronounce because there are many polyphonic words and ancient sounds in Chinese characters. For example, Wan Yi's pronunciation is Moqi, which is often misunderstood as "longevity".
Zone: the sound is not u (ou), often pronounced as "zone" (q ū).
Black: The sound is hè (he), which is often misunderstood as "hēi".
Gai: pronounced as gě (Ge), often pronounced as "Gai".
Check: It means inspection and inspection. It's pronounced chá, but as a surname, it's pronounced zhā. The real name of Mr. Jin Yong, a famous martial arts novelist, is Cha.
When teaching, you should send jiāo when you teach and teach, and Ji ao when you are surnamed.
Renben means trust, commitment, and anything. Read the post. As a surname, read é n, and the representative is Comrade Ren, a revolutionary of the older generation.
I used to say that I didn't mean to read Zeng before, but I should read Zeng when I was a surname. In ancient times, there were Ceng Gong, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", Zeng Guofan, a famous minister in Qing Dynasty, and now there is Donald Tsang, the chief executive of Hong Kong.
Miao's original intention is to repair, for example, when it is used for "saving for a rainy day" and when it is used as a surname, it is pronounced miào, and the representative figure is Miao, a famous court female painter in the late Qing Dynasty.
Sheng means light, reading sheng, for example, there is a large enterprise Guangsheng Group in Guangdong Province. But pronounce chéng as a last name.
Zen is not complicated or unique. It means dān, but when it is used as a surname, it means shàn. Xu Shu, a famous counselor in the Three Kingdoms period, changed his name to Khan.
"Le" is a polyphonic word, pronounced as lè or yuè, and pronounced as a surname. The representative is Le Yi, a famous strategist at the end of the Warring States Period.
Member is also written as "qi", which means member. It's pronounced yuán, but it's pronounced yùn as a surname, and Zheng's code name is ZSLO, U: 8D20,: DA4F.
Number of strokes: 6, radical: Bei, stroke sequence number: 542534. When predecessors wrote the word "mouth" in running script and cursive script, it was often written in one stroke (of course, it was slightly round when handwritten) because it was faster. When these characters are squared by different printing houses, such as "Yan, Yan", "Juan, Juan", "sentence Jian, Gou Jian". The same is true of "cloud" and "member", and the "mouth" of the "rhyme" prefix is actually the "mouth" of the "member" prefix. First, it is based on place names.
For example, Zilan, the youngest son of Chu Zhuangwang, was appointed as a Shangguan doctor. Shangguan, a place name, is in the southeast of Hua County, Henan Province. The descendants of Zilan have lived here for generations, so they take the official surname. Another example is Ouyang, after Ben Yu Wang. Qi, the son of Yu, founded the Xia Dynasty, went to Shao Kang, sealed an illegitimate child in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and established Yue State. In 306 BC, the State of Yue was destroyed by the State of Chu, and the son of the king of national subjugation, named hoof, was sealed in Wucheng (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang Province) to the south of Shan Zhi. In ancient times, it was called the south of the mountain, and the south of the mountain was cloudy, so the hoof was also called Ouyang Houting. Then take Ouyang as his surname. Other surnames in this category are Helan (mountain name), Yangtongge, Baili (city name) and Dan Tai (lake name).
The second is based on official titles.
Before 445 BC, Qi died in Chu, and Qi Jian's younger brother fled to Lu. It turned out that the Xia royal family received preferential treatment and was named Hou, known as Xiahou. Later, the descendants of Tuoba took Xiahou as their surname. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the imperial court has set up the posts of Stuart, Sima and so on. Si Tuleideng is in charge of land and population, engineering construction, and Sima is in charge of military affairs and taxes. These officials are so important and prominent that their people are proud of them and take their official positions as their surnames. Also in this category are a surname, Scott, Lezheng, Shaozheng and Zong Zheng.
Third, the surname has tolerance.
The surname of the East comes from Fu in ancient times. According to the Eight Letters of Zhouyi, Fuxi was the Lord of the East because of the "shock" divination, so a descendant of Fuxi took "the East" as his surname. Gong Bei, East Palace, South Gate and West Gate have the same surnames. After Zhou Wenwang, Ji Kuo was attacked as a secretary of family protection for generations, and lived outside Bei Gong, Kyoto, so he took Beigong as his surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a doctor Zheng in Ximen, and later people took Ximen as their surname.
Fourth, it is based on blood relationship.
During the Xia, Zhou and Zhou dynasties, Lu Jue's positions were divided into five categories: public, Hou, Bo, Zi and public. The duke ranks first in the fifth class, which is extremely glorious. Their descendants call themselves "Gongsun" to show their noble blood. Therefore, "Guang Yun" records: "After the ancient seal, they all called themselves Gongsun, so they had many surnames and were not of the same clan."
Fifth, it is the second surname.
After the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to eliminate the powerful local forces, the descendants of the Tian family in Qi moved, and each branch took the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth surnames in the order of residence.
First, the origin of the fifth surname
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang once moved more than 100,000 descendants of the kings of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei and aristocratic families to live in Fangling, Guanzhong (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province). In the process of migration, due to the large number of people, the original surname was changed and divided into the first surname to the eighth surname. The first name is the first name when the forerunner arrives at the first door; Tian's Sun Tiandeng moved to the second door as his second surname; Tian Guang's grandson Tian Gui is the third surname, and so on. Tian Guang's Tian Ying finally moved to live in Bamen, which is the eighth surname. The fifth family is one of them. This branch later produced many celebrities, so it was accepted as a prominent surname in the continuous hundred surnames.
Wang Jun
Longxi County: During the Warring States Period, Qin was the county. It is equivalent to the area east of Dongxiang and Longxi in Gansu Province today.
Great names in history
The fifth Yuan Xian: a scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who was once the teacher of Zheng Kangcheng, was familiar with Jing Shi Yi, Gong Yang Chun Qiu, San Li and Jiu Zhang Arithmetic.
Fifth Qi: Fufeng County Duke in Tang Dynasty. If you can say that you can strengthen the country and enrich the people, you can use it as a backup. When he was in the Yuan Dynasty, he was promoted to be a member of the same family. After the secretariat, there is a policy of benefiting the people.
Fifth, the secretariat of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which took prefectures and counties as officials, devoted his life to competent and lofty officials, punishing greed and evil, and being upright and upright.
Fifth Lun: Common in Eastern Han Dynasty. Honest and frank. During the Jianwu period, he raised filial piety and served as the magistrate of Huiji, known for his chastity. Being an official in North Korea means serving the public with one heart and keeping clean at all times.
Sixth, it is based on social influence.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, scholars from the State of Lu gathered to give lectures, which made "the door of Confucius has three advantages and three disadvantages" and became famous all over the world. His descendants took Wen Ren as their surname.
Seventh, surnames are special names of ethnic minorities.
Such as hector, Khan, Huyan (Xiongnu); Tuoba, Yuwen, Murong, Dugu (Xianbei), etc. Anling Anping Anping Anyang
B Baima, Baili, Baihou, Baoyi, Gongbei Northland, Beimen, Beishan, Beitang, running water, forced Yang Binmou to be thin and thin.
C Cao Mou, Cao Qiu, Chang Tao, long fish cart, unsuccessful Chengyang, riding on horses, riding on the door of Lu Chou, wearing seals, hibiscus emerged in the spring rain.
D Answer No.5, Deng Ling, Xidantai, Luda Boda Buda, Liandilun Dongfang Dongli Southeast East Palace Dongmen Dongxiang Dongdan Dongguo Dongling Dongdong Guandong Ludong Dongye Donglaidou Ludu Duanmu Duan Duo Zi.
Eastern Jules
F Fang Leifeng will be awarded the titles of father, husband, husband and floating mountain.
G Gan Gaotang Levin Gao Shu Geng Sanggeng Liang Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Xi Gonggong Gonglian Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gonggong Gong
Huangfuhuang's father wrote to Han Yu, Han Jing, to be happy. Ge Guge, Xi Ge Yu, He Dile, Helan Helou, He Lian, black pen, Hougang Huyan Huqiu Huyan Hulu, Hu Fei Humuhuwu.
J wuguan Jimo Ji Gua Ji Sun Qiujiang Jinya Jingcheng Jingyang 990 Fang Sui Jiu Ju Canal Giant Mother
K can be used to quench thirst, chronic thirst, Danhan, Kongtongkongkunwu.
L Lao Yang, Yang Le, Li Fei, Liyang, Liang Qiu, Liangyou, Liangyuanling, Yangling State, Lenglun, Hu Ling, Liu Wang, Xia Longqiu Road, Fei Lu Lu Bu Road, Fei Li Luqiu
M Maya Maiqiu Maoyi Mi Mou Mig Mimao Mo Yi Motaiwan Commander Dun Murong Wooden Door Mu Yi
N Nangong Nanguo South Gate Nanrong
Ou Hou Ouyang.
The P-Gate Basin has become Peng Zu, Pingling, Pingning, Ugly Servant and Solid Puyang.
Q Qi Diao's strange intermediary, mother, mother, and even Qilian's begging for help, Qili's thousand generations of diligent lodging, Qingyang Qiuli's hilly land, Quhou, Qutu, Qulu, Qutong, Qumen and Quyin.
R Tu Si Rao Long entered Ru Yan.
S Sagu thrived in San Lv, Sancho, Shangqu, Shangguan, Shao Shi, Shao Shi, Shao Shi, Shao Shu, Shao Zhengshe, Nanshe, Shentu, Shenyousheng, Tu served as a gentleman in Shi Niu, a gentleman in a weak country, an uncle in Sun Shizhen, a gentleman in Shuiqiu promoted by Sun Shuxian, Si Kou Sihong, Sima Situ, and a gentleman in Susha Sun Yang.
T Lu Da Taishi Shu Tai Sun Dantai Tangshan Hall West Tao Qiu Perfect Tong Xi Bald Hair Tuqin Tuhuotu Hetu Wantuluo Tumen Tutuo Huntu Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo Tuotuo
W Sun Wang Ren Shao Weiwen Ren Wu Hu Wu Ma Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu
X Xifu Xiling West Begging West Key Xixiang West Gate Western Zhou West Guo Xiye Xigong Play Yang Xulou Xiahou Xian Danger in Xi 'an Yang Xianqiu Xie Qiu Xu Yu Qiu E Shi Xiahou.
Y Yanling Lead Claw Yelu Yiyou Yinfang Yongmen Youyou Lian Yuling Yu Qiuyuqiu Yuwenwei Chile Yangyue Zheng Yunyun Yunyun Period.
Z Zhang Changer Zhen E is working as the head of the Central Committee, member the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, secretary of the Central Secretariat, and secretary of the Central Secretariat.
Liu Wen Er Da Li Cai Si Hao Shang Hu Si Jiagu Jieyang