Prime Minister Zhang in the Dongting Palace
[Meng Haoran]
The level of the August Lake is mixed with the clear water.
The steam is rising over Yunmengze, and the waves are shaking Yueyang City.
If you want to help without a boat, you will live in a shameful sage.
Sitting and watching the fishermen only envy the fish.
[Note]
(1) Prime Minister Zhang: refers to Jiuling. The title of the poem is "Looking at Dongting Lake and presenting it to Prime Minister Zhang". (2) Lake level: It means that the water in Dongting Lake rises in August and is level with the shore. (3) Hanxu: refers to the clear and empty lake water. Hun: mixed, meaning integrated. Taiqing: Sky. This sentence means that the water and sky are one color, and the blue sky and clear lake water are integrated into one. (4) Steaming: refers to the water vapor on the lake that is transpiration and diffused. Yunmengze: The name of the water lake. In ancient times, it was originally the north bank of Dongting Lake, Erzeshun, and is now in the provinces of Hunan and Hubei. Yunze is in the north of the Yangtze River, and Mengze is in the south of the Yangtze River. They are collectively called Yunmengze. Most of them are now land. (5) Shake: shake. Yueyang City: Today's Yueyang City, Hunan Province, is located on the east bank of Dongting Lake. (6) Ji: crossing. 楫(jiji): oar for rowing. (7) Duanju: live in peace, live leisurely, here refers to living in seclusion. Shame on Shengming: I feel ashamed of the world of today’s saints. This sentence means that I am ashamed of being born in today's peaceful and prosperous age but doing nothing. (8) Angler: A person who fishes, here is used as a metaphor for an official. (9) Xianyuqing: It is a metaphor for one’s desire to become an official. This means that I hope to be cited by Zhang Jiuling. "Huainanzi·Shuo Lin Xun": "If you are envious of fish in the deep waters, it is better to go home and weave a net." "Hanshu Biography of Dong Zhongshu" says: "The ancients said, "If you are envious of fish in the deep waters, it is better to retreat and build a net."
[Brief analysis]
This is because the author received a cold reception in Chang'an. After returning to Xiangyang, when he traveled south to Dongting, he faced the magnificent lake and could not help but arouse his own desire. He had great ambitions to be an official, so he wrote this recommendation poem to Zhang Jiuling. Therefore, this is a poem full of Bixing meaning. In the Tang Dynasty, this had become a necessary means for ordinary intellectuals at that time to become officials. Meng Haoran also served this purpose. The first four sentences of the poem are magnificent and full of atmosphere, reflecting the vibrant atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and laying the foundation for the metaphor of the second half of the poem about the lack of opportunities to seek official positions. Starting from the vast Dongting Lake in front of us, the writing is vigorous and the scenery is magnificent. This is the most exciting part of the whole poem, especially the second couplet, which is majestic and thrilling. In Dongting Lake in August, the water is so swollen that it is almost level with the shore; the sky and water are as one as a whole. The steaming clouds on the lake were diffuse and enveloped the entire Yunmeng Juze; the boundless waves were so surging that the majestic Yueyang City was shaken. What momentum and power it had. The last four sentences are based on the scenery and emotions. They use "I want to help but there is no boat" to express the scenery and express my melancholy of failure. Because he became an official not for personal gain, but because he felt that it was shameful to live idle in this peaceful world, and he wanted to make a difference, so he said that "it is a shame to live in a sage". The last couplet of the poem expresses the situation that although he is eager to seek an official position, he cannot "fish" and make a career like a "fisherman", so he deeply feels the depression of "only envy of fish" and hesitation. This means that I hope to be appreciated and quoted by Zhang Jiuling so that I can contribute to the country and not die in the mountains and do nothing. This is a positive thought of seeking to be useful in the world. The last couplet quotes allusions to further express his faint resentment of not being able to display his talents because he has no official position, and further expresses his eagerness to seek an official position. The whole poem is magnificent and clever. Although it has the meaning of greeting, it is written appropriately, the wording is neither humble nor arrogant, there is no hint of begging, the language is implicit and euphemistic, the scene is harmonious, and the emotion is high.
Crossing Nanyue and entering Dongting Lake
Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Du Fu Genre: Five Rows
Hongbo suddenly competes for the road, and the shore turns to different rivers and lakes. Hubei is divided into cloud trees, and Hengshan is used to draw boats.
The green teeth are worn through the paddles, and the cold cattails are on the green festival. Where can I go if I am sick and thirsty? I have no energy for spring.
The soil boy plowed the rain and snow, and the fishing house was covered with mud. The wind is full on the side of the boat, and the water station is lonely in the dark.
Back to Chibi leisurely, the scenery is vast and vast. The emperor's son left behind a legacy of hatred, and Cao Gong suffered a great defeat.
The holy dynasty is full of light, but the evil people are in danger. The talented lady is raised by her servants, and the famous virtuous person is hidden in the forge.
Shao Pingyuan entered the Han Dynasty, and Zhang Han returned to Wu. Don't blame the number of cries, the dangerous Qiang chases the night crow.