Tian 'en Temple, formerly known as Guohai Changyuan, was built by Buddhist monks in the Tang Dynasty according to Dong Zhiji's Records of Tianen Temple in Haichang in the Ming Dynasty. Because he saw "the lotus flower gushed out of the ground, and he built a Zen residence in the abandoned site of the release pond and stayed in the main courtyard of Qitian tutor". In the fifth year of Huichang (845), Tang Wuzong ordered the extinction of Buddhism, which destroyed more than 4,600 monasteries and forced more than 240,000 monks and nuns to return to secular life. Haichang Hospital in Zhenguo was also burned down at this time. Half a year later, Wu Zong died of back sores. Li Chen, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, acceded to the throne in March of the sixth year of Huichang, changed his name to Dazhong and revived Buddhism. Haichang Hospital in the town was restored in the fourth year of Dazhong (850) and renamed Jifeng Hospital. In the first year of Xiangfu in Song Dynasty (1008), Tianen Temple was given the name of the temple, and was later named as the temple. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the temple has been rebuilt and expanded many times, and the incense is endless. Due to the long history, especially since the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period and the fall of Zhenyuan, the temples were in disrepair and gradually collapsed. By the autumn of 197 1 (winter of 1978), all the rest were demolished, leaving only three stone buildings built in the Tang Dynasty.
The original building of Tianen Temple is grand and solemn. According to old books, in addition to the main hall and the mountain gate, there are four halls of heavenly kings, Qiantang, Nirvana Terrace, Compassion Pavilion, Ancestral Pavilion, Jianyuntang, Lunzang, Bell Tower, Miaozhi Pavilion and Five Hundred Arhats Hall. In addition, there is the Wukong Tower where the Qi 'an mage relic is buried, as well as two ancient pagodas and three classic stone buildings in the Tang Dynasty in front of the tower. There is a release pond in front of the mountain and a stone dragon pool behind the temple. In the fourth year of Song Jianyan (1 130), the Tianen Temple Tibetan Academy was built in the west of the temple, namely the Temple Scripture Pavilion. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1086- 1093), Yan 'en Temple, commonly known as the "West Temple", was also destroyed. The landscape around the temple was once called "Eight Scenes of Tianen Temple" in ancient times. These eight scenic spots are: the clear clouds on the high pavilion, the sunset glow in the corridor, the moonlight in Berlin, the golden sound of wheels, the trace of Fang Guangling, the remains of Wukong, the night roar of Chinese whales, and the autumn red in lotus marsh. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, many famous people have inscribed poems to preside over monasteries, and most of them are well-educated monks, which can be said to complement this ancient poem. Since Hongwu was established as a jungle in the early Ming Dynasty, it has entered an unprecedented period of great development. By the Qing Dynasty, it had been known as "Three Bridges (Dalai Bridge, Baitu Bridge and Xingchun Bridge) and Two Temples (North Temple and West Temple) □ Thousand Monks", which shows the prosperity of temples.
Temple historical materials
Tianen Temple enjoys a long reputation for the following reasons:
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was a monk here.
Li Chen (8 10-859), formerly known as Li Yi, was the thirteenth son (fourth son) of Chun-Li, Tang Xianzong. In the sixth year of Changqing (82 1), he was named "the king of light" and "the prince of scenery" on earth. He has both ability and political integrity, and is also very insightful. He is usually silent. After Xianzong's death, after Mu Zong, Jing Zong, san huang, a scholar, and Li Yan, a eunuch since Wu Zong, won the throne under the control of Chou Shiliang and others, he regarded Li Yi as a thorn in his side, and even beat him half to death and sank into the palace toilet. Chou Shiliang and other eunuchs helped Li Yi escape from the palace. Since then, Li Yi has become a monk and traveled all over China, including the Shuixi Temple in Jiaxing. Among them, the Tianen Temple in Zhenyuan is the most unforgettable place for him and the longest stay. Li Yi lived incognito and worked as a novice monk in Tianen Temple, alias Qiongjun ... He was highly valued by Huang Berberi, a Buddhist monk. Qi 'an, a famous monk, kept him as a valet, gave lectures to him every day, trusted him very much and took good care of him. On March 1st, the sixth year of Huichang (846), Wu Zong was critically ill, and the eunuchs secretly decided to make King Guang emperor's granduncle and renamed him Li Chen, a hundred ministers. Therefore, he has deep feelings for Tianen Temple, Master Zhi 'an and Buddhism. Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in the poem "The Jueju of Zhenyuan" that "Heaven and Man only know God" refers to the communication between Qi 'an and Li Yi in this period.
Tang Xuanzong had an unusual experience when he was in trouble.
Because Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had this extraordinary experience when he was in trouble, he opposed Wuzong's "harmony to destroy Buddhism" and revived Buddhism as soon as he acceded to the throne. Therefore, it can also be said that the revival of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty was also related to the influence of Master Qi 'an of Tianen Temple in the Tang Dynasty to a certain extent.
Three Japanese came to China to spread Zen, and they were first found here.
According to the First Biography of Zen in Japan, during the Wende period in Japan (85 1-857 AD), that is, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (from the fifth year to the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong), Huie received the imperial edict from Empress Orange, entered the Tang Dynasty and spread Zen in Japan. Hui 'e found the Tianen Temple in Zhenyuan (known in the fashion world as the Haichang Courtyard in Zhenguo) as a gift. This is China's first trip to Japan to spread Zen. Queen Mother Orange specially built the zenrinji for Yikong. Japan did not have the conditions to spread Zen at that time, but Yi Kong laid the foundation for the popularity of Zen in Song Dynasty in Japan. This is a stroke that cannot be ignored in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.
Fourth, Su Shi donated money to the Tianen Temple in Zhenyuan to build the Great Compassion Pavilion.
Su Shi (Dongpo), a great writer and famous poet in the Song Dynasty, donated money to build the Great Compassion Pavilion in Tianen Temple in Zhenyuan in the eighth year of JaeHee (1075), and wrote the Great Compassion Pavilion in Song Tianen Temple in person. This great compassion pavilion was built by monks who have lived in Tianen Temple for more than 30 years, and it is dedicated to the sounds and images of thousands of hands and eyes. According to Su Dongpo's inscription, the whole building is "nine stories high, four times as high as a big house", which shows its magnificent regulation and extraordinary momentum. This inscription has been recorded in many ancient books, and the inscription reads: "On June 12, 2008, I would rather accept Dr. Lang Shou Taichang's direct history museum, in order to decrypt the deeds of Su Shi, the commander of the state cavalry." Su Dongpo's Mo Bao was valued by the world at that time, but the first moment was lost. According to the analysis of Ruan Yuan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, it is believed that "this must be banned by the party or buried elsewhere". Jiajing was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, and the inscription was written by Chen and Jiao, which has not existed so far.
Huang Wuzong Xi has given lectures here many times.
Huang Zongxi (pear island, 16 10- 1695), a great scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, gave lectures here many times. According to various historical records and local chronicles, he started from Kangxi X of the Qing Dynasty.
From March to 19th five years (1676- 1680), at the invitation of the county magistrate, Huang Zongxi took pains to cross the Qiantang River from his hometown Yuyao at the age of 67 and set up an altar to give lectures. He has been to many places nearby, mainly the Tianen Temple in Zhenyuan. According to Cha, in a poem, "There are fifteen students in the same town, all of whom are educated by Mr. Lizhou." Actually, that's not all. Professor Jin Linxiang of East China Normal University has made a special textual research on this. According to his search for various classics, there are more than 20 people in total, including Cha, Cha, Chen, Chen Hong, Chen E, Chen Yichang, Chen, Zhang Zengzuo and Zhang Zengzuo. Huang Zongxi was China in the17th century. A great enlightenment thinker, a well-read scholar and an outstanding educator, he once devoted himself to the anti-Qing struggle. In his later years, besides writing, he mainly engaged in teaching activities in Shaoxing, Ningbo, Haining, Shimen and other places, which were important bases for him to spread his teachings and had a great influence on his style of study. Therefore, in China's ancient ideological and cultural history, Tianen Temple is also a memorable place. Zhang Yuanxiu, a scholar who was praised by Huang Zongxi as one of the "six old men on land and sea", has been living in Yan 'en Temple in the west of the temple since his death in the Ming Dynasty, that is, the day before yesterday's Temple, reading and writing behind closed doors.
There are many historical sites in and around Liu Tianen Temple.
For example, in the second year of Huichang (842), the fourth year of Huichang (844) and the sixth year of Xian Tong (865) in the Tang Dynasty, the three stone sutra buildings were all octagonal in plan and engraved with the inscription "The Buddha's top is superior to the big compass". According to the research of scholars in Qing Dynasty, such as Ruan Yuan, Qian Taiji, Liu Zhou and Chen Tan, there are still some residual characters and the names of the engravers. Among them, Xian Tong's six-year-old classic building, with carved scriptures on eight sides and imitation wood structure on the waist eaves, is the earliest existing ancient classic building, with exquisite Buddhist stories and lion reliefs, and is now a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. There is also a double-eye well nearby, which was built in the second year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1507). Up to now, the water quality is clear and still drinkable. Tian 'en Temple has many original scenic spots, such as the Wukong Tower where Emperor Xuanzong wrote poems in memory of his teacher and buried the relics of Master Qi 'an (after Qi 'an's death, Xuanzong was awarded the title of Wukong National Teacher). And in the Tang Dynasty, Lu Jian asked the memorial tablet of Zen master Wukong. There are two Cooper trees in front of the tower, which were planted by Wukong. In the Song Dynasty, Xuanhe was removed by Zhu CuO for seeking flowers, but it sank into the sea due to wind and waves during transportation. Su Shi, a poet, once wrote a poem "Mi Tuo in front of the ancient pagoda": "Mi Tuo was a pair of children, who were relatively silent and respected each other. The snow in the court can't be buried to the waist, and now it has become two black dragons. " At this moment, the rest of the stone was unearthed in Wu Shan, Hangzhou during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, which was purchased by local citizen Chen Tan. After the stone was carved, it was placed on the back of the original stone of Tianen Temple, where Jiang Luohua was hidden. I don't know where today and the carved stone are.
Since the Song Dynasty, people have been paying attention to the establishment of imperial dynasty and Tianen Temple. Song Lizong (1225- 1227) once wrote a book, Miaozhi Pavilion, and erected a stone tablet for a temple. According to the records of visiting historical sites in various places, the word "pavilion" still existed from Jiaqing to Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. On the second day of March in the twenty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong, when Qianlong went to Haining, he went to the temple twice to burn incense. For the first time, he also gave the imperial book "Fa Hai 'an Zen" to the Hua Dian in equal amount, and wrote the column couplet: "Incense protects sumeru, and merits are always reflected in the mirror. Wonderful flowers are now excellent pots, and three rounds are solemn. " Since then, he has been given 520 platinum, the imperial pen Huanglong stone Buddha ink carving, and the imperial plum graphite. With the destruction of Tianen Temple and its nearby areas, most of the original inscriptions since the Tang and Song Dynasties have disappeared into oblivion, but they will never be lost. If you can search hard, you will probably find something in the future. In the early 1980s, the author found that the famous historic site "Luohantang Temple in Tianen Temple" (inscribed by Fan Xiang (Bai Wen), a scholar and calligrapher in Haining in the early Qing Dynasty) was unearthed and mistakenly used as a paving stone, which was properly collected by the relevant cultural protection departments. The monument was erected in the 13th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1674). When Qian Taiji of Daoguang compiled Records of Haichang, he visited this stone all over the world, but he quietly knew its location, and neither did the monks who inquired. I didn't expect it to reappear today. In addition, Dashou (a native of Liuzhou), a "stone monk" of the Yi nationality in the Qing Dynasty, once found the epitaph of Mrs. Tang Ma here, and soon buried it in its original place, and it is estimated that it will still be in its original place. Around the temple, many ancient bricks have been unearthed since the Han and Jin Dynasties. According to local records, there are Wen Zhuan in Hanquan, Wudang Brick in Dadang, Wujiahe Brick in the Third Year, Brick in the First Year of Five-day Policy, Brick in the Fourth Year of Jin Yuankang, Brick in the Seventh Year of Jin Yuankang, Brick in Shuining-Nian and so on. Shi Zhecun, a famous contemporary scholar, once said before his death, "You can pay attention to this bricklaying place", which mainly refers to Zhenyuan, Shi Xia and other places. This also proves the profound cultural accumulation here.