2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions: 8. C9.B 10。 D 1 1。 (1) Luo Hengxin scolded them and said, "Do you accept the great kindness of the imperial court and dare to get cold feet? How can you die like the enemy? " (2) the adviser only knows how to accumulate grain, but he doesn't know that people are unstable. Even with food, who will defend with him? Analysis 8. Analysis of test questions: This question examines students' sentence-breaking ability.
"Every year from winter to spring/Farewell to Warra envoys/Start farming in March/Cut grass again in July/After August/Repair traffic jams/Plan to have a rest in the middle of the year", which means "Farewell to Warra envoys every year from winter to the following spring, start farming in March and cut again in July. We can grasp the proper term "Wala envoy", and then grasp the continuous actions of "going to the fields", "mowing the grass" and "repairing the blockade". Punctuation is as follows: Every year from winter to spring, I greet Ambassador Valla. I started farming in March, mowed the grass in July, and repaired traffic jams after August, so I didn't rest for the first year.
The location of the test center is different from modern Chinese in sentence pattern and usage. The ability level is understanding B.
When making the finishing touch of classical Chinese sentences, famous teachers should pay attention to the determination of phrase words, modal particles and predicates at the end of sentences. In general, there should be a pause before the word is pronounced and after the modal particles at the end of the sentence, and there should also be a pause between the coordinate components.
Analyze predicates. If the predicate is an adjective, you can pause after it. If it is a verb, you can pause after the object.
At the same time, we should pay attention to rhetorical devices such as structural symmetry, ellipsis, duality and repetition. Pay special attention to some key words, such as: Yue, Hu, Yu, Zhe, Ye, Yi, Yan, Er and Ze.
9. Test analysis: To answer such questions, we must memorize the main contents of literary masterpieces, distinguish the concept of literary common sense, and carefully examine the restrictive elements of modification in stems. Zen position: the king ceded the throne to a saint or abdicated.
Refers to the emperor who passed the throne to his descendants before his death. It was not the emperor who ascended the throne.
C. Ancient imperial examinations were divided into imperial examinations, provincial examinations, general examinations and palace examination in hierarchical order. D. "Yingzong" is the temple number, not the year number. Locate the test center and remember the common sense of literature.
The ability level is memorizing A. When preparing for the exam, we should accumulate literary common sense such as famous books, famous authors, times, countries, literary images, and theme of works.
To solve this problem, you need to read one by one and judge whether the relevant content is correct according to your accumulated knowledge; Pay attention to whether the related works in each sentence are consistent with the author and year. 10. Test analysis: This question examines students' understanding of the text.
Item C, "Although the Ministry of War disagreed, it accepted his opinion", is wrong; The Ministry of War did not adopt Luo Hengxin's suggestion. The statement in the article is that "the Ministry of War discussed it, but no sleeping is allowed", which means that "after the Ministry of War discussed it, this opinion was shelved and not implemented".
The location of the test center summarizes the main points of the content and the central meaning. The ability level is analytical synthesis C.
The title of the famous teacher's finishing touch is a summary of the article. The methods to solve this kind of problem are as follows: ① Grasp the stem of the problem and read correctly.
When reading the topic, you must read it completely and accurately, and don't skim it. The so-called complete reading refers to the analysis of all the requirements in the stem of the question without omission and truthfully; The so-called accurate reading is to accurately grasp the requirements put forward by the stem and see whether it is right or wrong, whether it is to summarize the content or analyze the point of view.
Only by comprehensive and accurate analysis and understanding of the question can we answer the question accurately. (2) Put back the original and check whether it is right or wrong.
Especially in the aspects of time, place, official position, characters' behavior, actual effect, etc., we should carefully check the words and phrases of the original text, fully understand and analyze them comprehensively. The difference between them is the key to grasp the full text. For specious, we should have the consciousness of explaining the text by using the topic.
For example, option c "accepted his suggestion" in this question is wrong, and the expression in the article is "the Ministry of War will discuss it, but sleeping is not allowed". 1 1. Test analysis: This question examines students' ability to translate classical Chinese sentences.
In the first sentence, "Jean" is translated as "strange", "Nabi" or "Bi", and "Death by law, death by enemy" or "Death by law, death by enemy". The second sentence "Dan" is translated into "only", "although" is translated into "even if" and "who and who" is translated into "and who".
The test center locates the sentences in the translated text. The ability level is understanding B.
Skills to solve this problem, we must first find proper nouns, that is, names, places, official positions and so on. Then see if there are any special sentence patterns. Finally, the key words of translation are determined, usually literal translation.
The basic translation methods of classical Chinese are substitution, word formation, reservation and ellipsis. Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times should be "replaced"; Words with roughly the same meaning in ancient and modern times are grouped; Special place names and names should be "reserved"; You can "omit" a synonym in ancient Chinese, and you can also "omit" some function words that are unnecessary or difficult to translate properly.
Reference: Luo Hengxin, a native of Dongguan. In the second year of Yongle, he was admitted to Jinshi and awarded engineering to Zhong Shi.
He was promoted to an official position, but was demoted to a petty official because of his participation. Nine years later, Injong acceded to the throne and was called into the DPRK as an imperial adviser.
In the third month after Emperor Yingzong ascended the throne, he was promoted to Youdu and trained in Pingliang and Xining. Orthodox two years, Gui Jiang to Artest, Dole for help, Luo Hengxin into military affairs.
When they arrived in Yuhai, Gui Jiang and others returned at the rate of 10 day because of the failure to ask for salary. Luo Hengxin scolded them and said, "Do you accept the great kindness of the imperial court and dare to get cold feet? How can you die like the enemy? " Gui Jiang wouldn't listen.
Luo Hengxin wrote a letter about his stay in Gui Jiang. The emperor showed his throne to Shang Shujian Wang Ji and others.
The next year, we joined the army and smashed the enemy. Luo Hengxin was promoted to the first class with the contribution of the counselor.
After his father died, he went home to attend the funeral. He returned to the imperial court and was appointed Governor of Fu Xuan and Datong.
After ten years of orthodoxy, he was promoted to the right deputy capital, and the governor remained unchanged. At that time, the emperor sent officials to measure the military fields in two towns, all of which were taxed at five liters, 80 acres away.
Luo Hengxin said: "When Emperor Wendi was in power, he ordered the border guards to cultivate the land as much as possible without taxation. His Majesty reiterated this order. Why did you suddenly take this measure today? Armed with the army, guarding the frontier and working hard, there is no other livelihood but farming. Every year, from winter to the next spring, we welcome Ambassador Valla, start farming in March, and mow the grass again in July. After August, there is almost no leisure time in a year.
3. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (1)D: shelve; Stop. After discussion by the Ministry of War, this opinion was shelved and not implemented. (2) Luo Hengxin was rewarded; (2) Good faith performance; 3 Expose Gui Jiang; 4. Be sympathetic to the military and civilians; ⑤ hyperopia; 6 hyperopia. Therefore, the wrong A.(3)D "Yang Hong and Zhu Qian * * *" should be "Hengxin and Zhu Qian * * *" guarding Xuancheng. The original text is "Hengxin and the company commander Yang Hong bear the brunt of the isolated city, defending the enemy from outside and screening the capital from inside." (4)① Dare, how dare; Death, death in violation of national laws; Deadly enemy, die against the enemy. How dare you flinch before the enemy when the country is generous to each other? It is more worthwhile to die because of breaking the national law or fighting the enemy. Service, focus; Solid and stable; Even though, even though. Ji Chen only concentrates on collecting grain, but he doesn't know that people are unstable. Even if there is food, who will guard the border? Answer: (1) D (2) A (3) D (4) How dare you flinch in the face of the enemy because you are treated well by the country? It is more worthwhile to die because of breaking the national law or fighting the enemy. (2) The planners only focus on collecting grain, but they don't know that people are unstable. Even if there is food, who will guard the border? Luo Hengxin, a native of Dongguan, was admitted to the court in the second year of Yongle. Injong acceded to the throne and was called an imperial envoy. He supervised the granary in Tongzhou and toured the capital. In the third month after Emperor Yingzong ascended the throne, he was promoted to the right capital, and trained in Pingliang and Xining. In the second year of orthodoxy, Jiang Guizheng begged Artest and Duo Er, and Luo Hengxin. Which is more worthwhile, to die in violation of national laws or to fight the enemy to death? "Gui Jiang didn't listen. Luo Hengxin wrote a letter about his stay in Gui Jiang. The emperor showed this letter to Shang Shujian Wang Ji and others. The next year, he invaded and defeated the enemy. With the help of the counselor, Luo Hengxin raised his salary by one level. After his father died, he went home to attend the funeral. He returned to the imperial court and was appointed Governor of Fu Xuan and Datong. Shi Heng asked to select one third of Datong to join the army, but Hengxin wrote to stop it. Ten years of orthodoxy. He is still the governor of Fu Xuan and Datong. At that time, the imperial court sent officials to measure the military fields in these two places, and each army was 80 mu, and all those who exceeded one mu were subject to five liters of tax. Luo Hengxin said, "When Emperor Wen was in power, he ordered the border guards to do their best to open up wasteland without taxation, and your majesty reiterated this order. Why is this sudden move now? It is very hard for border guards to guard the frontier. They have no other means of making a living except farming. Every year, from winter to the following spring, they greet Ambassador Valla, then start farming in March and mow the grass in July. After August, they have little leisure time in a year. Besides, the frontier land is barren, first frost dews early, and the income is meager. If taxes are levied again, people will not farm any more, which will inevitably lead to flight. The emperor adopted his words and stopped this practice. At the beginning, Luo Hengxin once said: "We will wait for the right time to make waves again in order to invade. We should increase the guards of the north fortress in advance to guard against it. Otherwise, I'm afraid it will be a disaster for Luo Heng to look at the answer in classical Chinese. He is from Dongguan. " After the Ministry of War deliberated, this opinion was shelved and not implemented. Officials, soldiers and civilians scrambled to escape from the city. Luo Hengxin sat at the city gate with a sword and ordered: "Go out of the city with your head beheaded." He also made the generals swear to defend the court before the people settled down. He also took the emperor's father to the south of the city and ordered the door to open. Luo Hengxin went into town and told him: "I was ordered to guard the city and dared not open it without authorization." He also hesitated first, and then left with the troops. Chicheng, diaosi, The enemy cavalry day * * * is near the city, and the door is surrounded by battlefields. With this isolated city, Hengxin and Yang Hong, the company commander, guard the traffic arteries, guarding the capital outside and the capital inside. After Yang Hong went to Beijing to guard Xuancheng, Hengxin and Zhu Qian * * * guarded Xuancheng and made remarkable contributions. Jingdi acceded to the throne and was promoted to the left vice capital. In the second year, Hengxin was 74 years old and asked to resign. ..
4. Xia Yuanji read the original translation of Xia Yuanji, a classical Chinese, and his ancestors were Dexing.
His father Xia Shimin worked as an Oracle in Xiangyin, so he settled here. Xia Yuanji was orphaned a long time ago. He studies hard and takes care of his mother.
He entered imperial academy under the recommendation of local officials in prefectures and counties, and was later elected to write imperial edicts in the palace. Several students laughed loudly, and Xia Yuanji sat upright and serious.
Ming Taizu secretly observed that he was different and promoted him to be the director of the family department. Ming Chengzu acceded to the throne and transferred him to the position of left assistant minister.
There was a flood in western Zhejiang, but the officials in charge of water control could do nothing. In the first year of Yongle, Xia Yuanji was ordered to control water. Xia Yuanji walked on foot wrapped in cloth, planning day and night. At the hottest time, there is no umbrella cover. He said, "The people are working hard. How can I bear to be comfortable alone?"
He returned to Beijing after the flood fighting. In the seventh year of Yongle, the emperor toured the north, and ordered Xia Yuanji to act as the agent of does, ministry of war and Douchayuan.
There are two guards who advocate a monthly salary, and the emperor wants to behead them. Xia Yuanji said: "This is illegal. If they really steal it, what punishment will they receive? " So the emperor stopped beheading their imperial edicts.
In the third year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he accompanied the emperor to the north. The emperor tasted the dry food in Xia Yuanji's bag and said with a smile, "Why is it so bad?" Xia Yuanji replied: "There are still hungry people in the army." The emperor ordered that the meals of senior officials be given to him and that the soldiers be rewarded.
Xia Yuanji is so generous that it is impossible to measure its margin. Officials at the same level have advantages and he will adopt them; Some people have small problems, and he must cover them up.
Once, an official soiled the gold woven clothes given by the emperor. Xia Yuanji said, "Don't be afraid, the dirty things can be washed away." On another occasion, an official soiled subtle documents and kowtowed for his life.
Xia Yuanji also don't ask, into the remorse. The emperor ordered these documents to be changed. Lv Zhen once pushed out Xia Yuanji.
Lu Zhen asked for an official position for his son. Xia Yuanji believed that Lu Zhen had the merit of guarding the city during the period of "Jingnan" and pleaded with the court for him. At first, people at Pingjiang hated Xia Yuanji, but Xia Yuanji often praised Chen Youcai.
Someone asked Xia Yuanji, "Can you learn to be generous?" He said, "When I was young, I was not angry when someone offended me. I began to have patience on my face and patience in my heart for a while. After a long time, there is nothing to be patient with. "
He is used to reviewing the documents recording the confessions of criminals at night, patting the table and sighing, and his pen never drops. When his wife asked him, he said, "This is the execution book at the end of the year."
Once he and his classmates went out for a drink and came back in the evening to catch up with the snow. After the palace gate, some people try not to dismount. Xia Yuanji said: "A gentleman should not degenerate his character because he wants darkness."
He is so cautious.
5. Hao Han Bug classical Chinese original reading answer:
There is a bird called Hao Han Bug in Wutai Mountain. Four legs with fleshy wings. Its feces are trogopterori. In midsummer, the literary talent is gorgeous, so I said, "Phoenix is not as good as me!" " Compared with the deep winter, when it is cold, the feathers fall off and look like a wilted chicken, so he said to himself, "muddle along!" " (Yuan Tao Zong Yi's "Drop out of school to farm")
There is a bird named Hao Hanchong on Wutai Mountain. It has four feet and a pair of wings, but it can't fly Its excrement is the "five feces" used to remove blood stasis in ancient times. In the hot summer, it wears colorful sweaters and cries happily, "Phoenix can't compare with me!" " "In the cold season of deep winter, all the feathers fell off and looked like a chicken, so he cried to himself and said," If you can live, live like this. "
Moral: This fable warns people that those who don't know much are either blindly optimistic about themselves as instructors; When I hit a wall, I lacked confidence in myself and was blindly pessimistic.
6.( 1) Reading in Classical Chinese (19) Read the following classical Chinese and complete questions 4 to 7. (recently: secretly) 5. Tongzhi Bamboo Slips is a chronicle, while Twenty-four History of King James is a biographical history book based on Historical Records. Therefore, the son sees the same rule.
There are different opinions about whether Zi Tong Zhi Jian is the official history. The official history of Chinese Dictionary (electronic version) is 1. It refers to biographical history books such as Historical Records and Hanshu, which mainly focus on the biographical history of emperors.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the twenty-fourth history was declared as the official history. 192 1 year, the northern warlords * * added a new yuan history, collectively known as the twenty-five histories. 2. Biographies and chronicles are called official history.
See Ming History. Artistic and literary records. ) 6.c (the original text is "those who hate its name don't take it", that is, they hate the name of "essence" and don't take it. )
7 .( 1) The reason why I swaggered through the palace was to suggest to everyone that it is not time for Your Majesty not to go upstairs. (Translation gives 2 points, 1 point means "so", "guide" and "go too far", * * 5 points) (2) Emperor Taizong was very sad and asked the prime minister to talk about him (Liu Wei), saying that the current ministers were rarely comparable to him (Liu Wenqi).
(Translated to the general idea of 2 points, "suddenly", "language" and "than" each 1 point, *** 5 points) Refer to the translation of Liu Wencuo. Yonglingzi, from Luoyang, Henan.
He is thick and square. I can write articles at the age of seven, and I am good at regular script and official script calligraphy.
In the early years of Xiande, he was promoted to assistant minister of rites and presided over the imperial examination. Sixteen scholars were admitted.
Someone framed him to the emperor, and the emperor was furious, dismissing twelve of them and calling them Prince Zhan. Wen is actually very selfless. In the next few years, people who were rejected were admitted one after another.
In the early Song Dynasty, he served as assistant minister of punishments. For nine years, he served as an imperial adviser.
After his mother's funeral, he retired to Xiluo and soon resumed his post. Stegosaurus served as a judge in the official department for three years.
One night, I passed the palace on my way home. Mao accidentally boarded the west building of Mingdemen with several people from Zhonghuangmen. The attendant riding in front of Wencuo secretly knew and told him. Sister Wen went to the palace and ordered a pager as usual.
See you the next day, and you will talk in detail; "When the master is not on the stairs, ministers want to be forgiven and the guards want to be rewarded. The reason why I make a hullabaloo about and walk around the palace is to suggest to everyone that now is not the time for your majesty not to go upstairs. "
Mao thinks he did the right thing. According to the old practice of Yushifu, public tea and Yushicheng are rewarded with 10,000 yuan per month, which is not enough to make up the fine.
Sister-in-law hates the name of fine, so she doesn't have to use it. Ren Taicheng was in office for twelve years and asked for help many times.
Mao couldn't find a suitable candidate, and he didn't allow it. Kaibao was ill for four years. Mao knew he was poor and gave him gifts and jade articles. A few months later, he died at the age of 63.
When Emperor Taizong was appointed King of Jin, he heard that he was honest and clean, and sent someone to give him 5000 yuan, which was accepted by Wencuo and stored in the west room of the main hall. He ordered the officials to seal and stamp it before leaving. The following year, during the Dragon Boat Festival, Tai Sect people gave zongzi and held fans, and the people who gave them were the same people who gave money last year.
I saw that the seal of Xishe was still there, so I told Taizong when I came back. Taizong said, "He doesn't need my money yet, let alone other people's money. I didn't want to refuse me when I accepted it before; Now that it has not been unsealed for one year, his Tomb-Sweeping Day has become more and more obvious. "
Order officials to transport the goods back. This autumn, Taizong gave a banquet in Hou Yuan to entertain Taizong. When talking about celebrities in the Qing Dynasty, he described in detail what happened before Liu Wencuo, and Mao repeatedly praised him.
In the early years of Yongxi, his son Liu Bi was demoted to Xuzhou as an observer, waiting for the official election. Because of his poor family, he went to the court (Deng Wengu) to ask for a review of his qualifications and merits. The emperor summoned him, and Emperor Taizong asked him whose son he was.
The answer is Liu Wencuo (his son). Emperor Taizong was very sad, so he called the Prime Minister to talk about him (Liu Biao) and said that few ministers could match him (Liu Wenkui) today.
So I asked him, "What kind of official should Liu Ying be?" The Prime Minister said, "Avoid being elected as a great benefactor." Taizong said, "His father is honest and clean, and he hired his son to be an official in the DPRK. I hope to encourage him."
Liu Ying was promoted to the right doctor of the prince. Liu Wencuo's other two sons, Liu Bing and Liu Ye, were admitted to Jinshi.