1. This article is selected from "Wang Zi'an Ji" ("Four Bu Series" edition). 2. Shaofu: official name. 3. It: arrive, go. 4. Shuzhou: now Chongzhou, Sichuan. Also known as Sichuan. 5. Chengque (què): The watchtower in front of the imperial palace is often used to represent Kyoto. This refers to Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. The calligraphy work "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou"
6. Supplementary: supplemented by..., here it means to defend. 7. Sanqin: This generally refers to the vast area north of the Qinling Mountains and west of Hangu Pass. This refers to the Guanzhong area around Chang'an. After the death of Qin, Xiang Yu divided the Qin's hometown of Guanzhong into the three kingdoms of Yong, Sai, and Zhai, and granted the title of three surrendered generals of the Qin Dynasty, so Guanzhong was also called "Three Qin". 8. Wind smoke looks at Wujin: The two-character noun "wind smoke" is used as an adverbial to express the place of action, which is translated as: in the wind and smoke. The whole sentence is about looking at Shuzhou in the distance amid the wind and smoke. 9. Wujin: refers to the five ferry crossings of the Minjiang River: Baihuajin, Wanlijin, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin and Jiangnanjin. This generally refers to Sichuan. 10. Jun: a respectful title for a person, here refers to "you" 11. Huan (huàn) travel: to go out to serve as an official. 12. Within the sea: within the four seas, that is, all over the country. The ancients believed that the land was surrounded by the sea, so they called the world within the four seas. 13. Tianya: The horizon, here is a metaphor for a very far place. 14. Bi Neighbor: Neighbor, close neighbor. 15. Wuwei: Don’t. 16. Fork in the road: fork in the road. The ancients often said goodbye at the fork in the road. 17. Damp towel: Tears wet clothes. It means saying goodbye with tears. 18. Wuwei: No need, no need.
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In the land of the Three Qin Dynasties in ancient times, the city walls and palaces of Chang'an were protected. It seems that the five major ferry crossings of Bashu can be seen through the misty wind and smoke. The reason why I feel reluctant to say goodbye is because you and I are both people who are far away from our hometown and go to work as officials. As long as we have close friends within the four seas, we feel like we are together no matter how far apart we are. Don't linger in sadness when you break up. Like passionate children, let your clothes be wet with tears.
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This poem is a masterpiece of farewell poems. The poetic comfort is not to be sad when parting. The first sentence is a strict antithesis, the third and fourth sentences are connected with each other in a loose tone, and the truth turns to emptiness, and the mood of the poem is ups and downs. The third couplet, "There are bosom friends in the sea, and we are neighbors as far as the end of the world." The strange peaks protrude, which highly summarizes the scene of "deep friendship, and mountains and rivers are unstoppable." It has been passed down through the ages and is well-known. The last couplet points out the theme of "send". The whole poem opens and closes with pauses and fluctuations, the energy flows smoothly, and the artistic conception is broad-minded. It washes away the sadness and melancholy in ancient farewell poems. The tone is hearty, fresh and far-reaching, and there is a single tree monument. This poem washes away the sorrowful and lingering mood in the farewell poems of the past, and reflects the lofty aspirations and broad-mindedness. "A bosom friend is as close as a friend in the world." These two sentences have become immortal words to express the deep friendship between friends separated by thousands of miles and thousands of rivers.
Chengque assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke looks to the Five Tianjins
"The city towers assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke looks to the Five Tianjins." "Que" is the watchtower in front of the palace. "Chengque" refers to Chang'an City, the imperial capital of the Tang Dynasty. "Sanqin" refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang'an. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu divided this area into the Three Kingdoms, so later generations called it the Three Qin Dynasty. "Auxiliary" means auxiliary, which can be understood as guarding. "Assisting Sanqin" means "supplementing Sanqin". The vast wilderness in the Guanzhong area protects the city of Chang'an. This sentence refers to the place of farewell. "The wind and smoke look at Wujin". "Wujin" refers to the five ferry crossings of the Minjiang River in Sichuan Province from Guanxian County below to the Qianwei section. Looking from a distance, I can see the vast expanse of wind, dust, and mist in Sichuan. This sentence talks about where Du Shaofu is going. Because the friend was going to Sichuan from Chang'an, the two places naturally became emotionally connected to the poet. The beginning of the poem does not say goodbye, but only describes the situation and style of these two places. Looking thousands of miles away, I can still rely on you infinitely, and my feelings of farewell can be felt freely. The poet is in Chang'an and can't even see the land of the Three Qin Dynasties at a glance. As for Wujin, which is thousands of miles away, he can't see it at all. Writing poetry is often beyond the reach of ordinary people's vision. Looking at the world with the eyes of imagination, one can place thousands of mountains in a few seats and see thousands of springs in a blink of an eye. "The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return." You can see directly from the source of the river to the East China Sea. "The Qutang Gorge is at the mouth of the Qujiang River, and thousands of miles of wind and smoke meet the plain autumn." You can see Chang'an directly from the Three Gorges. This poem uses this technique to unfold a magnificent realm at the beginning, which is different from ordinary farewell poems that only focus on swallow feathers, poplar branches, tears, and wine cups.
I mean to say goodbye to you, both are official travelers
"I mean to say goodbye to you, both are official travelers."
What does it mean to say goodbye to each other? We are both seeking official positions and wandering away from home. There is already a feeling of farewell when we leave our hometown. When we say goodbye to each other in the guest house, there is an added layer of feeling of farewell: there is really infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences have a high tone and are precise and precise. These two sentences have a deep charm. They do not seek to be neat and neat, but are relatively loose. Although this was due to the fact that there was no strict set of rules for rhythmic poetry at that time, it also had its own unique beauty. The beginning is like a thousand-foot hanging waterfall, rushing down from the clouds, and then it falls into a deep pool, gurgling and flying in the distance, forming a big ups and downs and a strong ups and downs, which makes people feel that the changes are so dramatic that they cannot be ignored. .
A bosom friend in the sea is like a neighbor at the end of the world
Continuing on, in the fifth and sixth sentences, the realm changes from small to grand, and the mood changes from sad to heroic. “There are close friends in the sea, and we are like neighbors across the world.” A true confidant cannot be separated from one another. As long as they are within the four seas, they are as close as neighbors to each other even if they are far away from each other. Qin and Shu are nothing. Broad-minded and lofty, it shows that true friendship is not limited by time and space. It is both eternal and omnipresent. The emotions expressed are optimistic and open-minded.
Inaction is on the wrong road, and the children are wet with towels
The last two lines are "Inaction is on the wrong road, and the children are wet with towels!" These two lines of poems are connected in one sentence, It means: At this fork in the road where we are about to break up, don’t say goodbye with tears like that little son or daughter! It is an exhortation to friends, and it is also a confession of your own feelings. Immediately following the first two sentences, it suddenly falls into relief at a very high point, and then ends. Take music as an example; some of the endings of music end abruptly at the most exciting point, while others drag on to the end. The poem ends using the second technique. Appreciating ancient poetry, especially poetry that is both rigorous and short like Wulu, requires not only reciting some of its wonderful sentences, but also comprehending its composition, the ups and downs, jumps, changes and development of its train of thought. Literature seems to dislike the plainness of mountains, and so does poetry.
Overview
Appreciating this poem from the perspective of literary history, it is not difficult to feel that it has a fresh breath. The early Tang Dynasty was the beginning of a powerful dynasty in ancient my country. The poetry of the Tang Dynasty reached its peak in the history of Chinese literature. The great innovation and development of poetry that lasted for about two hundred years began in the early Tang Dynasty. Wang, Yang, Lu, Luo and other great poets at that time were the early pioneers. First, they opposed the flashy poetic style inherited from the Six Dynasties in the early Tang Dynasty. Yang Jiong said that Wang Bo "taste the early years of Longshuo, and the literary scene is transformed: competing for delicate structures, competing for carvings; blending gold, jade, dragon and phoenix, chaos of vermillion, green and yellow; using shadows to show off their merits, and pretending to be beautiful. . The strength is gone, the strength is not heard, the shortcomings are eliminated, and the ambition is exhausted." It can be seen that he consciously reformed the shortcomings of the poetry world and promoted a strong poetry style. Take this poem by Wang Bo as an example. The poem was cleansed of the beauty and beauty, and was simple, powerful, and unrestrained. It once refreshed the readers at that time. This style of poetry developed greatly thereafter and became a dominant style in the poetry world of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Secondly, they made their own contributions to the formation of new poetry styles. Take five-character verse as an example. This new poetic style that gradually matured and became popular in the Tang Dynasty has already begun to be tried and formed in the writings of Wang Bo and others. These poems by Wang Bo are two very mature five-character poems. If you read the Wulu of Wang and Meng, and then the Wulu of Li and Du, you will find that the development of this new poetry style in the Tang Dynasty is like a river flowing in the same vein, and the further it goes, the more magnificent the waves become.
Central idea
A friend is about to take office, and the poet advises him not to be sad about the separation: Although they are far apart, their friendship will not weaken because of the distance; their hearts are connected together. Although it is a farewell poem, the whole poem is not sentimental. The poet is open-minded, his sentences are bold and fresh, and he is euphemistic and kind, expressing the sincere and deep friendship between friends.
Appreciation 2
The first couplet "The city is assisting the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke are looking at the Wujin". The first sentence writes that Chang'an, the place of farewell, is "auxiliary" by the vast San Qin area, which highlights It has a majestic and majestic momentum. The second sentence points out the place where the friend is "responsible" - the misty and windy Shu land. The poet skillfully uses the word "look" to connect Qin and Shu, as if the poet is standing in Chang'an under the protection of the Three Qin Dynasties, looking at Shu thousands of miles away, which implicitly expresses the feeling of farewell. The word "Wang" not only broadens the artistic conception of the poem and broadens the reader's horizons, but also psychologically narrows the distance between the two places, making people feel that since "Wujin" is expected, there is no need to worry about separation. sad. This opening creates a majestic and majestic atmosphere, giving people a feeling of a vast sky and lofty artistic conception, and locks in the heroic emotional tone of the whole poem.
The couplet (hàn) on the chin (hàn) means "parting from you, we are both official travelers". The poet comforts his friends: You and I are both people who are far away from our homeland and traveling in foreign lands. Parting is common, why should we be sad? This time, my friend went to Shu alone. He was far away from home, and he felt even more melancholy. The author comforted his friend by saying that they were in the same situation and had the same feelings, so as to alleviate his sadness and loneliness. The poet's broad mind is revealed in the farewell. The neck couplet "There are close friends in the sea, and we are neighbors as far apart as the world", which wipes away the faint emotions of sadness and separation in front of it. The poet imagines after farewell: As long as our voices are connected, even if we are far apart, it will still feel like we are close at hand. This poem is different from ordinary farewell poems in mood and has extremely profound meaning. It not only expresses the poet's optimism and broad mind and sincere friendship for his friends, but also expresses the philosophy that sincere friendship can transcend the boundaries of time and space, giving people great comfort and encouragement. , thus becoming a popular saying throughout the ages. The last couplet is "Inaction leads to the wrong road, and children are wet with towels." It comforts friends not to wet their clothes and towels with tears of farewell like young men and women, but to be open-minded and face it calmly. It shows the deep love and long-term meaning. At the same time, the atmosphere of the whole poem changes from sadness to boldness. The four couplets of this poem are closely linked to the succession and transition of "parting". The meaning of separation and friendship in the poem are not only displayed, but also have profound philosophy, broad artistic conception, and high style. It is worthy of being the best among ancient farewell poems.