Category: calligraphy and painting
Time: Eastern Jin Dynasty
Original ownership of cultural relics: originally collected in Yuanmingyuan.
Present situation of cultural relics:
1860 "Burning Yuanmingyuan" was plundered and lost overseas, and is now in the British Museum.
Introduction:
Painting in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China. By Gu Kaizhi. The original has been lost, and there is a copy of the Tang Dynasty, paragraph 12. Due to the long history, there are only 9 paragraphs in the existing Illustrated History of Women, which is a (partial) silk version of Illustrated History of Women, with a vertical color of 24.8 cm and a horizontal color of 348.2 cm. This picture is based on Zhang Hua's article Women's History Proverbs in the Western Jin Dynasty. The original text is in 12 paragraph, and it is also painted in 12 paragraph, from "Feng Yuan blocked the bear" to "The secretary of female history dares to sue Ji Shu". The works pay attention to the expression of characters' demeanor, with fine and powerful pens and beautiful colors. In addition, the Palace Museum also has a copy of the Song Dynasty, which is slightly inferior in level, and there are also two sections of Fan Ji and Wei Nv, which are also of research value.
Related information:
Brief description of painting name
"Women's history" is the official title of women, and later became the honorific title of intellectual women. "Proverbs" means exhortation and admonition. Sima Zhong, the Hui emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, was mentally retarded. His queen Jia monopolized the state power, and he was jealous, controlling and extravagant. Zhang Hua, the minister of the DPRK, collected the deeds of sages in history and wrote nine paragraphs of Proverbs of Women's History, which was regarded as a famous work at that time and widely circulated. Later, Gu Kaizhi according to the history of literate women (partial)
The chapters are divided into pictures, and each paragraph has instructions (except the first paragraph). Each picture vividly reveals the meaning of exhortation, so it is called "illustration of women's history" China's famous masterpiece A History of Women came out.
Present situation of painting
There are two silk books in A Picture of Women's History, one of which is now in the Palace Museum. Experts believe that it was copied in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its artistry is poor. Another book is more artistic, which can better reflect Gu Kaizhi's painting style and the original appearance of A Woman's History. Experts think it may be a copy of the Tang Dynasty, and it is collected by the British Museum.
The Picture of Women's History in the British Museum is a copy of China in the Tang Dynasty, and its charm is closest to Gu Kaizhi's original painting, so it is regarded as a classic copy by later generations. Collected by many (some) literati. On the screen, we can see the inscription of Xiangzi Jing in the Tang Museum and the words 1 1 in the book of women's history. The painting itself and the mounting part are stamped with the seals of the inner government of Song, Jin, Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as the private seals of collectors in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
/kloc-in 0/900, when Eight-Nation Alliance burned the Yuanmingyuan, a picture of a woman's history was stolen to Britain by the British captain Ji and kept in the British Museum.
Paintings and anecdotes
During the Second World War, in order to thank the China army for lifting the Japanese siege in Myanmar, the British government intended to return Gu Kaizhi's A Woman's History to China and give it to China as a thank-you gift (in part). The China government chose submarines.
Brief introduction of the author
Gu Kaizhi (346-407) was born in Jinling (now Wuxi, Jiangsu), the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In his early years (405-4 18), Yixi was a regular servant who rode straight and scattered, was knowledgeable, versatile and good at writing and painting. Immersed in art, tireless, known as "talent, painting, infatuation". Painting is taught by teachers and health association, and he is good at making Buddha statues, figures, landscapes, animals and birds. They are particularly good at making the finishing point, claiming that "four-body beauty has nothing to do with beauty and vivid portrayal, and is being banned." Its brushwork, such as silkworms spinning silk, is easy at first glance, but it has six methods on closer inspection; Color decoration is rich in color, not dizzy, subtle, unpredictable and erratic. In Xingning Middle School, a portrait of Vimola was painted on the wall of Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) crock temple, with a clear face and forgetful expression. The finishing touch in public, the whole audience was blocked, and the charity money instantly exceeded one million, which was a sensation. Taste Pei Kai's portrait, add three points to your cheek, and you will feel refreshed. It creatively made a statue for Xie Kun and spread it among the rocks. It said to itself, "This child should be put in a ravine." . It's wonderful to draw portraits of the emperor one after another. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaiguan spoke highly of his paintings, saying, "Zhang Sengyou gets his flesh, Lu Tanwei gets his bones, and Gu Kaizhi gets his spirit." History calls Cao Buxing, Gu Kaizhi, Lu Tanwei and Zhang Sengyou "four great masters in the Six Dynasties". He also studied painting theory and wrote an article about painting, which was quite enlightening to later generations. There are many paintings, including Sima Xuan, Xie An, Liu Laozhi, Wang An period, Ruan You, Ruan Xian, Jin Wudi, Sima Xuan and Wang Wei, Guiyang Wang Meiren, boat, tiger and leopard and birds. There are two volumes handed down from generation to generation, namely, Lienv Renzhi Tu and Luoshen Fu Tu (manuscripts of Song people), which are now in the Palace Museum.
"Women's history" refers to court women, and "persuasion" refers to persuasion. At the beginning of Jin Dynasty, when Hui Di was in power, his family was very jealous and treacherous. Zhang Hua, a scholar, took the stories of the sages of past dynasties as a warning, and was regarded as a famous piece at that time. Gu Kaizhi, a talented painter, divided this famous piece into several paragraphs, painted it paragraph by paragraph, and inscribed it on the edge of the painting, thus producing a famous piece in the history of China, The Picture Scroll of Women's History.
There are two silk books in A Picture of Women's History, one of which is now in the Palace Museum. Experts believe that it was copied in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its artistry is poor. Another book is more artistic, which can better reflect Gu Kaizhi's painting style and the original appearance of a woman's history. Experts think it may be a copy of the Tang Dynasty.
/kloc-in 0/900, when Eight-Nation Alliance burned the Yuanmingyuan, a picture of a woman's history was stolen to Britain by the British captain Ji and kept in the British Museum.
The map of women's history here is 24.8 cm high and 348.2 cm long, and it is horizontally rolled. In the original paragraph 12, due to the long history, there are only 9 paragraphs left in the existing Proverbs of Women's History.