Agree.
1. Science and Technology
1. Architecture:
(1) Characteristics of Sui and Tang Dynasty architecture: grand scale, majestic spirit, neat but not rigid, gorgeous and beautiful. Not slim.
(2) Representative building: Zhaozhou Bridge. Designed and constructed by Li Chun, a craftsman of the Sui Dynasty, it is the oldest existing stone arch bridge in the world, more than 700 years earlier than in Europe. Chang'an City (Tang Dynasty) was the largest city in the world at that time. The Hanyuan Hall of the Daming Palace is magnificent and magnificent.
2. Printing:
(1) Printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient my country.
(2) Development: During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhist scriptures, calendars and poems were printed with engravings. The Diamond Sutra printed in the Tang Dynasty is the earliest extant woodblock print with an exact date in the world. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing.
(3) Communication and significance: Economical and time-saving, it greatly promotes the spread of culture. Movable type printing later spread to all parts of the world. Movable type printing did not appear in Europe until the 15th century, about 400 years later than in my country.
3. Medicine:
"King of Medicine" - Sun Simiao. He has excellent medical skills and noble medical ethics. He wrote "A Thousand Gold Prescriptions".
4. Compass and gunpowder:
(1) Compass: During the Warring States Period, "Sinan" was made, which is the earliest compass instrument in the world. During the Northern Song Dynasty, compasses were made and began to be used in navigation. Overseas trade developed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the compass was widely used in navigation. It was spread to Europe by Arab merchants, creating conditions for navigation activities in European countries.
(2) Gunpowder: First invented by ancient Chinese alchemists. In the late Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in military applications. During the Song Dynasty, gunpowder weapons were widely used in warfare, and gunpowder weapons such as muskets, rockets, and artillery mainly appeared.
(3) The compass, gunpowder, printing and papermaking are known as my country’s “four great inventions” and are the Chinese nation’s major contributions to the development of world civilization.
5. Astronomical Calendar:
(1) "Twelve Qi Calendar": Created by Shen Kuo, a scientist in my country's Northern Song Dynasty, in his "Mengxi Bi Tan". It was an advanced and reasonable calendar at that time. It took more than 800 years for a similar calendar to appear in Britain. In addition, Shen Kuo also predicted that oil "will be popular in the world" in the future. He started using the name petroleum.
(2) "Time Calendar": compiled by Guo Shoujing, a famous astronomer and hydraulic scientist in the Yuan Dynasty. It is basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but it was established about 300 years earlier than the current Gregorian calendar. Guo Shoujing also presided over the construction of Tonghui River, one end of the Grand Canal.
2. Literature
1. Tang Poetry
(1) The Tang Dynasty was the golden period of poetry creation in my country, with more than 2,000 poets’ works handed down to this day. Nearly 50,000 poems.
(2) Representative poet: Li Bai, known as the "Poetry Immortal". His poetry features: bold and unrestrained, fresh and elegant, rich in imagination, wonderful artistic conception, and brisk language. His representative works include "Early Departure from Baidi City" and "The Difficult Road to Shu". Du Fu is known as the "Sage of Poetry" and his poetry is called the "History of Poetry". The characteristics of his poems are: either vigorous or melancholy, with concise and dignified language and superb artistic skills. His representative works are "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Bai Juyi, he advocated that poetry should reflect more real life and achieve the purpose of education. Characteristics of his poetry: straightforward and easy to understand. His representative works include "Qin Zhongyin" and "New Yuefu".
2. Song Ci
(1) Ci had appeared in the Tang Dynasty and became the main literary form in the Song Dynasty.
(2) Outstanding poet: Su Shi, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. Characteristics of his poetry: heroic, vigorous and unrestrained. His representative work: "Niannujiao." "Chibi Nostalgia" and so on. Li Qingzhao, a female poet at the turn of the Song Dynasty. Characteristics of her words: euphemistic style, sincere feelings, fresh and natural. Xin Qiji was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He carried forward the bold style of poetry, and often expressed his sorrow for the division of the mountains and rivers of the motherland in his poetry.
3. Yuan Opera, including opera and Sanqu, was called Zaju at that time. Representative figures: Guan Hanqing, the most outstanding masterpiece "The Injustice of Dou E" and so on.
3. Art
1. Calligraphy
(1) Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty created a new style of calligraphy that was vigorous and honest, called "Yan style". He is the most accomplished calligrapher in the history of Chinese calligraphy after Wang Xizhi.
Liu Gongquan learned from the strengths of others and came up with new ideas, which became "Liu style". The characteristics of his calligraphy are: square and majestic, and strong bones.
(2) In the Song Dynasty, casual running script was popular. Famous calligraphers include Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Cai Xiang. Known as the "Four Families of the Song Dynasty".
(3) Yuan Dynasty Zhao Mengfu’s calligraphy was vigorous and powerful, with profound skills.
2. Painting
(1) Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty was good at character and story painting, and his representative works are "Portraits of Emperors of the Past" and "Picture of the Chariot". Wu Daozi had superb painting skills, and later generations called him the "Sage of Painting". Famous works such as "Picture of Sending His Son to the Heavenly King". There is also grotto art from the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Famous representative: Mogao Grottoes, one of the largest art treasures in the world.
(2) Song Dynasty Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, is famous for his masterpiece "Along the River During the Qingming Festival".
(3) Yuan Dynasty Zhao Mengfu, a famous painter in the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, people said that his paintings were of "divine quality".
3. Music and dance
The famous songs and dances of the Tang Dynasty include "The Music of the King of Qin Breaking the Formation" in the early Tang Dynasty and "The Song of Colorful Clothes and Feather Clothes" in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
4. Historiography
The Northern Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang presided over the compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", which is a masterpiece of chronological general history. It narrates the history from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties, which has important reference value for the study of ancient Chinese history.