No.10 Xie Daoyun
Xie Daoyun, Xie An’s niece, was a famous talented woman in the Southern Dynasty. She is famous for her poem about snow, “It’s not like catkins blowing in the wind.” The poem "Mount Tai Yin" has been handed down from generation to generation. Although careful consideration is not supported by other excellent works. Representative work: "Mountain Mountain": The mountains in the east of E'e are so high that their beauty reaches the sky. The empty space in the middle of the rock is lonely and mysterious. Non-workers are not craftsmen, clouds constitute nature. What's the weather like? So I was asked to move again and again. The dead generals can live in Siyu for as long as they live.
No.9 Zhu Shuzhen
Zhu Shuzhen (about 1135~1180), also known as Youqi Jushi, was a female poet in the Song Dynasty and one of the most abundant female writers since the Tang and Song Dynasties. . He was alive in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty. The rest of his life cannot be tested and there is no conclusion. According to legend, he was a native of Zhejiang and was born into a family of officials. The husband was a minor grammar official, but due to different interests and disharmony between the couple, he eventually died of depression and early death. It is also said that after Shuzhen's death, her parents burned her manuscripts during her lifetime, and the existing "Collection of Poems about Broken Heart" and "Chapter about Broken Heart" have been handed down to the world, which are the remaining chapters after the disaster.
No.8 Liu Rushi
Liu Rushi was a famous talented woman in the Ming Dynasty and the first of the Eight Beauties in Qinhuai. She once competed in martial arts with Chen Zilong and Qian Qianyi, two famous poets at that time, and she looked down upon the crowd. Female, don't let the male eyebrows pass. When the Ming Dynasty fell, he jumped into the river and died for his country.
Liu Rushi (1618~1664), whose original surname was Yang, whose given name was Ai, changed his surname to Liu, whose given name was Yin, and later changed his name to Shi, whose courtesy name was Rushi, also known as Hedongjun, also known as Miwujun. He was a native of Shengze Town when he was young. She was sold to the home of Xu Fo, a famous prostitute in Guijiayuan, Shengze and became her adopted daughter. Educated by Xu, Liu's poems are good at seven-character style, subtitles and step rhymes, and he has Yu Shinan's and Zhu Suiliang's calligraphy skills in calligraphy. When he was a little older, he lived in a brothel. In Songjiang, with her peerless talent and appearance, she interacted with members of the Fushe, Jishe, and Donglin parties. She often wore Confucian men's clothing, talked about the current situation with various literati, and sang poems. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1641), Qian Qianyi, the leader of Donglin and Changshu, and Liu Rushu became friends with the Qin and Jin Dynasties. The two lived together in Jiangyun Tower and enjoyed each other's reading and discussing poetry. Qian jokingly called Liu Ru "Liu Rushi". When the Ming Dynasty died, Liu persuaded Qian to die for the festival and choose one of three ways to die: knife, rope, or water. Qian looked troubled, so he jumped into the lotus pond and attempted suicide. After Qian Qianyi surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he was expelled back to his hometown due to suspicion and died of depression. The Qian family took the opportunity to demand money from Liu Rushi, who then committed suicide. His handed down works include "Wu Yin Cao", "Liu Rushi's Poems", "Chi Xu", etc. Such a tomb is located to the west of Qian Qianyi's tomb at the foot of Yushan Mountain in Changshu. The inscription on the tomb is "The Tomb of Lord Hedong".
No.7 Zhuo Wenjun
The sentence "Wish to win the heart of one person, and we will never be apart forever" brings Zhuo Wenjun, a talented ancient beauty, into our sight . Zhuo Wenjun was a famous talented woman in the Western Han Dynasty, and her romantic deeds will not be repeated one by one. Just two points to mention: he is good at playing the piano and collaborated with her husband Sima Xiangru on the famous song "Phoenix Seeking the Phoenix"; he is good at poetry, and the earliest five-character poem in China, "Baitou Yin", was written by him.
Posterity commented on the limerick: After a farewell, the two places were separated. It was only said to be March and April, but who knew that in five or six years, there was no intention to play the lyre, the eight-line script could not be passed down, and the nine-link chain was broken from it. Looking at the pavilion for ten miles, I can't help but hate you.
There are thousands of words to say, and I am bored by ten fences. I climb up to see the geese on the ninth day of the month. The moon is full during the Mid-Autumn Festival in August and people are not round. I burn incense and hold candles to ask the sky in the middle of July. In the dog days of June, everyone shakes my fan. Chilling. In May, the pomegranates are like fire, but they are watered by bursts of cold rain. In April, the loquats are not yet yellow, and I want to look in the mirror and feel confused. Suddenly, the peach blossoms in March turn with the water. The kite string is broken in February, alas!
No.6 Ban Zhao
Ban Zhao’s talent comes from his noble family. She can be described as a lady from a famous family, with a rich family background. She once helped her brother Ban Gu, a great historian, to complete the "Book of Han".
Ban Zhao (about 49-about 120), a Ji with the courtesy name Huiban, was from Fufeng. The daughter of Ban Biao, the sister of Ban Gu and Ban Chao, and the wife of Cao Shi's uncle, she was widowed early. Although it is the "Book of Han", its eight "Biao" and "Tianwen Zhi" were not completed, and the Han Dynasty and the emperor's edict were completed in Dongguan. He was summoned to the palace several times and ordered the queen to serve as a tutor to the nobles, named Cao Jia (gū). There are seven chapters of "Female Commandments", collected into three volumes. Ban Zhao's literary talent was first shown in helping her brother Ban Gu compile the "Book of Han". When his brother Ban Gu was about to complete the book, he died in prison due to being implicated in Dou Xian's case. Ban Zhao learned from the pain and continued to complete the book for Brother Wang. was written and received high praise.
Ban Zhao's literary talents are also reflected in the seven chapters of "Nvjie" she wrote.
The "Seven Precepts" includes seven chapters: humility, husband and wife, respect and prudence, women's conduct, concentration, obedience and uncles and sisters. This was originally a private textbook used to educate the daughters of the Ban family, but unexpectedly, aristocratic families in the capital rushed to copy it, and soon it became popular all over the country. Ban Zhao was an ancient Chinese woman who was erudite, talented, and of excellent moral character. She was a historian, a writer, and a politician. Ban Zhao mainly lived during the era of Emperor He of the Han Dynasty. Emperor He of the Han Dynasty passed away shortly after Ban Chao's death, and Empress Dowager Deng came to govern. Empress Dowager Deng ruled as a heroine, and Ban Zhao, as a master, was able to participate in secrets, devoted his whole mind and heart, and died.
No.5 Cai Wenji
Cai Wenji is the daughter of Cai Yong, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Her legendary experience will not be repeated in detail. The famous blood and tears representative of her soul cry "Eighteen Beats of Hujia", "Poetry of Sorrow and Anger".
Written in "Eighteen Beats of Hujia": During the chaos of the late Han Dynasty and successive years of war, Cai Wenji was kidnapped by the Huns during their escape and lived outside the Great Wall. Later, she married King Zuo Xian and gave birth to two children. She spent twelve years outside the Great Wall, but she missed her hometown all the time. Cao Cao pacified the Central Plains, reconciled with the Xiongnu, and sent envoy Xie Lu to redeem Wen Ji with a large sum of money, so she wrote the famous long poem "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", describing the unfortunate experiences of her life. Among the qin music there are versions of "Big Hu Jia", "Little Hu Jia", "Hu Jia Eighteen Beats" and other qin songs. Although the tunes are different, they all reflect Cai Wenjilu's extremely contradictory and painful mood of missing her hometown but not being able to bear the separation of her flesh and blood. The music is euphemistically sad and tearful.
No.4 Wei Shuo
Mrs. Wei, the first female calligrapher in China.
Wei Shuo, also known as Mrs. Wei (272-349), also known as Maoyi, was a famous female calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. A native of Anyi, Hedong (now Xia County, Shanxi). Wei Guan, the ancestor of the clan, was an official until Sikong in the Western Jin Dynasty, where he recorded the affairs of the ministers. Together with Suo Jing, he was good at cursive calligraphy and was known as "Tai Yi Er Miao". It is said that he was the division commander of Wang Youjun (Wang Xizhi). The wife of Li Ju, the prefect of Ruyin, was known as Mrs. Wei in the world. He studied under Zhong Yao and was especially good at regular script. The eight lines of regular script handed down from ancient times in "Chunhua Pavilion Tie" and the calligraphy theory "Bi Zhen Tu" were probably created by good people. Family origins (niece of Wei Guan, the ancestor of the Northern School, cousin of Wei Huan), famous in contemporary times. He followed his father, Wei Heng, who served as an official until his death as Huang Menlang. He was also good at calligraphy and the author of "Four Body Calligraphy Movements". "Calligraphy Essentials" says that she acquired the writing techniques of Zhong Yao and merged Zhong Yao's and Wei's techniques into one furnace.
Mrs. Wei not only made outstanding achievements in the practice of calligraphy art, but also made significant achievements and relatively comprehensive and in-depth discussions in the theory of calligraphy art. She wrote a volume called "Bi Zhen Tu", which made comprehensive and in-depth reference to relevant calligraphy theories and put forward her own opinions. She first pointed out in the book that the beauty of calligraphy "must begin with the use of a pen." It is advocated that learning calligraphy should go back to its origins and learn from the ancients. It is against being familiar with the principles and learning without support, so that learning is a waste of energy and no success. Mrs. Wei also suggested that when studying and creating, we should pay attention to the types and origins of pens, inks, paper, and inkstones. She emphasized that if a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.
Mrs. Wei has been engaged in the art of calligraphy throughout her life. She has summarized a large number of artistic theories, pointing out the direction and approach for future generations of calligraphers, and has also become an important content and evaluation standard in Chinese calligraphy theory. The development of practice has had a huge impact. Although Mrs. Wei's "Bi Zhen Tu" referred to and absorbed some of the arguments of the predecessors, Mrs. Wei's development and creation on the basis of inheritance was indispensable.
No.3 Shangguan Wan'er
Shangguan Wan'er (664-710) was a female poet of the Tang Dynasty. A native of Shanggui in Longxi (today's Tianshui area of ??Gansu Province). Granddaughter of Shangguan Yi. The first female prime minister, she inherited all the talents of her grandfather. She was good at poetry and had extremely high talent. After Shangguan Yi was convicted, she was banished to the palace, while Shangguan Wan'er and her mother, Zheng, were banished to Ye Ting. His mother, Zheng, was the sister of Taichang Shaoqing Zheng Xiuyuan. Under Zheng's training, Shangguan Wan'er was familiar with poetry and books and understood official affairs. In the second year of Yifeng (677), he was blessed by Wu Zetian for his intelligence and his ability in poetry. When Empress Wu became emperor, those who were responsible for many imperial edicts were called "Neisheren".
Shangguan Wan'er is the granddaughter of Shangguan Yi, the prime minister of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Linde, Shangguan Yi was killed by Empress Wu because she drafted an edict for Emperor Gaozong to depose Wu Zetian, and her family was lost.
Shangguan Wan'er, who was still in her infancy, was assigned to Yeting together with her mother Zheng. When she was fourteen years old, she was charming and gorgeous, graceful and light, with every frown and smile, her own style. In addition, she was born with intelligence, her sight could be remembered, her literary talent was outstanding, and she could write a thousand words. In the second year of Yifeng's reign, Shangguan Wan'er was summoned to the palace by Wu Zetian, who made a proposition on the spot and asked her to write an article accordingly. Shangguan Wan'er's writing was completed in a matter of seconds without adding any details. It is round and smooth, with the harmonious sound of leaves, especially her calligraphy, which is beautiful and imitates hairpin flowers. Wu Zetian was overjoyed after seeing this, and immediately ordered her to be removed from her status as a slave and let her take charge of the palace's imperial edicts. After that, most of the imperial edicts issued by Wu Zetian were written by Shangguan Wan'er. The Queen repeatedly exclaimed: "This woman is absolutely extraordinary!".
Shangguan Wan'er was a talented woman in history, and her life was a legend of ups and downs. Although he does not have the name of prime minister, he has the reality of being prime minister. During the Kaiyuan period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty recalled Shangguan Wan'er's talent and ordered to collect her poems and essays into twenty volumes. Zhang Shuo wrote for her: "Listen with sensitivity, explore the micro-mirror, open the book and accept it, just like hearing it before, In ancient times, there were female historians who recorded merits and deeds, and there were female ministers who made decisions and made decisions. They were beautiful in both dynasties, and they were able to provide all kinds of advice. Even though they were called Bans in Han Dynasty. Yuan, Zuo Yuan was well-known in Jin Dynasty. Her writing skills were different, but her auxiliary skills were different. "This collection is lost today, and only thirty-two of her poems are included in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". During the Zhenyuan period, Lu Wen wrote "Song of Shangguan Zhaorong's Library", and fragments of his literary life can still be seen. Shangguan Wan'er was a very charming harem woman in the history of the Tang Dynasty, and there are special records in the "Biography of the Concubines" in "Old Book of Tang" and "New Book of Tang".
Although Shangguan Wan'er once enjoyed all the glory and power, she still has to look up to the emperor, queen, and princess, and still has to flatter them. I'm afraid only she knows the joys and sorrows of this. Later, she still did not escape her bad luck and became a victim of the struggle for imperial power.
No.2 Guan Sheng
Mrs. Guan is Guan Sheng (1262~1319), also known as Zhongji and Yaoji, from Maoshan Village, Deqing County (now Ganshan Township) She was a famous female calligrapher, painter, poetry writer and famous talented woman in the Yuan Dynasty. She was smart since she was a child, good at poetry and painting. She married Zhao Mengfu and was granted the title of Lady of the State of Wei. He died of illness on May 10th, the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty, and was buried in Xitai Mountain, Donghengli (now Dongheng Village, Luoshe Township). He is good at painting ink and bamboo, and his brushwork is extremely clear. He also worked on landscapes, Buddhist statues, poetry and calligraphy. He was famous for his work and was known as Mrs. Guan in the world.
Mrs. Guan wrote one volume of "Ink Bamboo Pu", and her handed down works include "Water Bamboo Picture Scroll", "Autumn Deep Tie", "Mountain Tower Embroidered Buddha Picture", "Changming Temple Picture" and so on. Renzong of the Yuan Dynasty tasted the calligraphy of Mrs. Guan and Zhao Yong and combined them into a scroll, which he hid in his secretary's office. He said: "It is a strange thing to let future generations know that in our dynasty there was a couple and a son who were both good at calligraphy." Mrs. Guan had a famous poem " "Wo Nong Ci", it is said that when Zhao Mengfu was 50 years old, he wanted to imitate the famous celebrities at that time and took concubines, but was embarrassed to tell his wife. After his wife found out, she wrote this poem. After reading "Wo Nong Ci", Zhao Mengfu couldn't help but be deeply moved. I was so moved that I never mentioned concubinage again. The full text of "Wo Nong's Ci" is as follows: "You and I, Nong, are so affectionate; there are many feelings, as hot as fire; take a piece of clay, twist it to make you, and shape me. Break the two of us together and mix them with water; then Twist one you, and then create another me. You are in the mud, and I am in the mud: you and I were born in the same quilt and died in the same coffin.
Zhao Mengfu and Mrs. Guan have a deep relationship. Most experts believe that "Qiu Shen Tie" was written by Zhao Mengfu on behalf of his wife Duan Sheng. Judging from the handwriting, "Qiu Shen Tie" is gentle and elegant, which is consistent with the characteristics of its running script. Experts speculate that it may be a generation. The wife replied to the letter home, but he forgot about the writing and signed his name at the end. After discovering it, Zhao Mengfu, who loved his wife deeply, felt that his own name was inappropriate, so he quickly changed it.
No.1 Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao (1084-1156), a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, was the most famous female poet in Chinese history. . It is said that she has seven volumes of "Collected Works of Yi An" and eight volumes of "Yi An's Ci", but the existing collection of "Shu Yu Ci" contains about 1084 poems. Li Qingzhao was born in Mingshui Town, Zhangqiu, Qizhou (now Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong).
His father, Li Gefei, was a Jinshi and served as a member of the Ministry of Rites. He was a very famous writer at that time. He was deeply appreciated by Su Shi, the great master of literary circles at that time, and often communicated with each other through articles. His mother, Wang, came from a well-known family. His great-grandfather, Wang Jingtu, and his great-grandfather, Wang Zan, were both awarded Jinshi. His grandfather, Wang Zhun, was granted the title of Duke of the Han Dynasty. His father, Wang Gui, was the secretary of the provincial government during the Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. Shangshu Zuopushe was a prime minister who was in charge of important matters in the country, and was named Duke of Qi. Good at literature.
In 1101, when Li Qingzhao was 18 years old, she married Zhao Mingcheng, a student from Zhucheng who was three years older than her. Zhao Mingcheng is from the Jinshi family. In the early days, her life was stable and affluent, and her poems mostly wrote about the resentment of her boudoir or her longing for her traveling husband. He moved to Qingzhou in 1107. In 1127, the Jin soldiers captured Qingzhou, and Li Qingzhao and her husband crossed south to Jiangning. When they arrived at Zhenjiang, Zhang Yu was trapped in Zhenjiang Mansion, and Qian Boyan, the defender of Zhenjiang, abandoned the city and fled. In the spring of the second year of Jianyan (1128), he arrived at Jiangning Mansion. After crossing south, poet Li Qingzhao's life was difficult.
Picture: Li Qingzhao in film and television dramas
Li Qingzhao’s husband died in Jiankang on August 18, 1129 (lunar calendar). Li Qingzhao made a memorial tribute to him: “In the middle of the day, sigh. Pang Weng was so clever; a fortified city fell on its own, and the pity for Qi woman was deep. "In March of the first year of Shaoxing (1131), he went to Vietnam (today's Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and his calligraphy and paintings were stolen overnight from the home of the local people Zhong. All the ancient epigraphic scrolls she and her husband collected back then were lost, which devastated her, and her writing turned to worry about reality. In the second year of Shaoxing (1132), he went to Hangzhou and married Zhang Ruzhou again. The marriage was not happy, and they divorced a few months later. The year of death is unknown, but it was at least after 1151.