The demeanor of family traditions
Yong Zheng’s political will gave the highest arrangements for the political honors of the Han minister Zhang Tingyu after his death. There are Han ministers in the Qing Dynasty who have never received this kind of honor and political treatment: "The scholar Zhang Ting's jade is of pure quality and he has served sincerely... His merits are great. ... Xun is a famous minister who has never been born. These two people , I can ensure that he will stay forever. In the future, the two ministers will share the imperial edict to show their kindness. The other person who will enter the imperial edict is the minister Ertai. p>The political significance of this will is extraordinary. It shows Yongzheng's deep attachment to Zhang Tingyu and his outstanding contribution. It can be seen that Zhang Tingyu, a Han civil servant, was enshrined in the Taimiao Temple. In Yongzheng's heart, minister Zhang Tingyu was. Being eligible to be worshiped by descendants of the Aixinjueluo family, this political testament is as important as the Qing Dynasty.
He was born in the family of Zhang Ying, a scholar of the Kangxi Dynasty, and received a first-class education since he was a child. . The subtle academic family tradition gradually grew into his bones. Not only that, three generations of the Zhang family in Tongcheng, Anhui, served in the inner court, and were favored by the three emperors of Kang, Yong and Qian. , can be said to be "the most respected person in the family", especially Zhang Tingyu, who "has been in the imperial court for fifty years, has been the chief poet for twenty-seven years, and has been the chief editor for twenty-four years. All major military and state affairs are discussed according to the decree." .
Portrait of Zhang Tingyu
His father was deeply valued by Kangxi because of his "cautious and diligent" work style. Senior secretarial work is indispensable for prudence, confidentiality, adherence to principles and diligence. . Previously, when the head of the Hanlin Academy was vacant, Kangxi personally proposed that Zhang Ying should be appointed, believing that "Zhang Ying is a kind man and does not interfere in foreign affairs, so it is very suitable to fill this vacancy." Zhang Ying was appointed as a bachelor of the cabinet and minister of the Ministry of Rites. Soon after, he personally gave instructions to the Ministry of Personnel to further clarify the training direction for Zhang Ying and others: "Zhang Ying and Xu Qian, a bachelor of the cabinet, are knowledgeable and knowledgeable. They should stay in the court to handle the affairs of the country. They will not do anything later." Make them governor candidates. ”
Two years after Zhang Ying became a bachelor of Wenhua Palace and the Minister of Rites, he proposed to retire due to poor health and lack of energy, and was allowed to do so. Previously, his 29-year-old son Zhang Tingyu passed the Jinshi examination and was dismissed. He was awarded the honorary title of Hanlin Academy. Not long after, Zhang Tingyu was transferred to the South Study Room and began his career as a high-level secretarial officer. The nostalgic Emperor Kangxi called him to Changchun Garden and asked about his father Zhang Yingzhi's current situation at home. He saw that he was thirty-three years old. Zhang Tingyu was very impressed by his clear, steady and generous speech, so he ordered him to write poems to test his poetic talent and adaptability. Zhang Tingyu wrote two seven-character poems, which were highly praised by Emperor Kangxi.
Portrait of Kangxi
After that, Zhang Tingyu became Kangxi's personal secretary. Until the age of forty-five, he served Kangxi directly for twelve years, rising from the rank of second-rank Minister of Rites to "Chen Ren." When Xu comes out, there are no empty days in the year. "I followed outside the fortress, every eleven times. In the summer, I stayed in Rehe, and in the autumn, I followed the hunting at the frontier fortress." Kangxi's chariots visited various Mongolian tribes on a long-distance tour. Due to his outstanding performance in "Chenghuaiyuan Yu", at the age of forty-five, Zhang Tingyu was appointed as the Minister of Rites. Kangxi, who had high requirements for writing, greatly praised his writing ability. During this period, he continued to expand through accumulation. Zhang Tingyu's political and ideological vision broadened his thinking pattern.
Seeking for each other with the same voice
If Zhang Tingyu's secretarial work during the Kangxi period can be described as smooth, then Yongzheng's succession made him happy. Ushered in the prosperous political spring.
When Yongzheng first ascended the throne, he paid close attention to the ministers around him and thought that he could use them. When he saw Zhang Tingyu's "compassionate attitude and clear response". With this excellent impression of stability and logical thinking, just four months after Kangxi's death, he was quickly promoted to be the Minister of Rites. The following year, he was appointed as the chief bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and supervised the Hanlin Academy for four years. , was promoted to Wenyuange University's Minister of Household Affairs, and two years later he also served as Minister of Civil Affairs. In the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign, the Military Aircraft Department was established and Zhang Tingyu was appointed as the Chief Military Aircraft Minister. At this point, Zhang Tingyu reached the highest position that a Han minister could be promoted to.
Zhang Tingyu's film and television image
Yongzheng was very cautious in major personnel arrangements. He even said: "The only way to govern the world is to employ people, and everything else is a matter of branches and leaves." Yongzheng was good at employing people and had the courage to think about employing people. Yongzheng had a meticulous temperament and extremely high emotional intelligence. He was especially mature in the theory of employment. also.
"It cannot be denied that Yongzheng made great achievements in selecting and employing people. He once said to his ministers, "My responsibility is only to promote and appoint a few of you to supervise. "Taking employment as the first major political matter shows that Yongzheng attaches great importance to the selection and employment of people. The careful selection of Zhang Tingyu as his main assistant to assist him in planning military affairs also stems from Yongzheng's unique emphasis on secretarial work.
Zhang Tingyu recorded in "Chronology of Master Chenghuai" that Yongzheng had high hopes for him. Firstly, he was knowledgeable, "compassionate and clear-minded", and secondly, he was the son of his mentor Zhang Ying. . This was a rare person for Yinzhen to trust in the future. After the change of the old and new thrones, he ordered Zhang Tingyu, who also held the title of bachelor, to work with Akton, the bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, to handle important ceremonies and provide text for several banquets. During the reign of Kang and Yong, the affairs of the Yin Dynasty were complicated, and edicts were issued dozens of times a day, and Zhang Tingyu was responsible for handling them. If there was an emergency, Yinzhen ordered him to enter the palace and dictate the main ideas, or lie down in front of the emperor and write, or write. The manuscript was handed over to the emperor through a curtain, and he read it carefully, "Manhuaiyuan Wencun". , you are not qualified for the job." From then on, Zhang Tingyu became one of the most core secret ministers.
Portrait of Yongzheng
Yongzheng was notoriously difficult to serve as one of the emperors. Intellectuals lack goodwill and often use critical and defensive thinking to evaluate and consider every word, for fear of being ridiculed. In addition, he is shrewd, sensitive and careful, and pays special attention to the written reports of his ministers. Most of the time, he is suspicious. His eyes examine the most comprehensive meaning that each Chinese character can contain, so as not to fall into the trap of his subordinates. Like Zhu Yuanzhang, he has a natural sense of alienation from scholars and believes that "every word and every word of them is mysterious." He was very careful about this and was always wary of "being laughed at". He once confessed to his ministers: "I have been deeply afraid of you all this time, and I cannot ignore every word or meaning. ”
He has always exposed the word games played by some ministers and him, and can quickly point out the key points. He hates the flattery of his ministers very much. At the same time, if some people are too groveling in front of him, Being contemptuous of oneself will make him feel very disgusted. Li Lan, the governor of Jiangxi Province, wrote "The Emperor Hongfu" after an insignificant matter. Yongzheng Zhu Pi said: "I am deeply disgusted with such empty writing. "Zhao Guolin, the chief envoy of Fujian, always emphasized that he was "stupid at first sight." Yongzheng saw his hypocrisy: "You write too many stupid words about yourself. How can I assign a stupid person to the vassal position? "The most important reason why Yongzheng continued to reuse Zhang Tingyu was that Zhang Tingyu's secretarial work had achieved fruitful results. Zhang Tingyu catered to Yongzheng's political secretarial work, and Zhang Tingyu's style also met Yongzheng's requirements for using confidential officials.
< p>Zhang Tingyu's calligraphyYongzheng had very high requirements for secretarial work, and a large amount of writing work had to be shared by a suitable candidate. It was no accident that Zhang Tingyu was always favored by his family. As we all know, Yongzheng had high standards for those who came from the imperial examination. Officials have always lacked goodwill, and once had serious disagreements with civil service representatives such as Yang Mingshi and Li Fu, who were representatives from the imperial examination. They even believed that officials from the imperial examination had formed cliques. For this reason, he set the tone and said: "The tone of contact between teachers and students in the same year, Those who seek personal gain and destroy public good, and confuse people to hear heresies, are more harmful to the world and people's hearts. ”, “If people from a subject background form factions for personal gain and fight against each other, they will inevitably disrupt the government and act unscrupulously. "Yongzheng stubbornly believed that intellectuals who came from the imperial examination were the most difficult to control because they were good at hiding their packages and protecting each other. They were not easy to detect. If they were not careful, they would be deceived, and they would be more harmful to the country and the government. Yongzheng believed that The problem of officials with intellectual origins is not a simple individual problem, but a serious problem caused by the continuous accumulation and expansion of the past dynasties. He has repeatedly stated that he must cleanse the "tang, song, Yuan and Ming tainted habits of the people in the officialdom." "Notes on Daily Life during the Yongzheng Dynasty"
Pictures of Yongzheng's Fun
Zhang Tingyu should be the most successful secretary in the entire Qing Dynasty. Because Yongzheng's administration was meticulous and cumbersome, the huge workload required a lot of work. There is a suitable person to share the responsibility. Zhang Tingyu is cautious and unobtrusive, and is in line with Yongzheng's wishes. Because the work is closely related, the relationship between the emperor and his ministers is very harmonious. Arm pain, do you know? They were surprised and asked why. I said, Bachelor Zhang Tingyu is sick. This person is like my arm. Isn’t this the pain in my arm? ". Yongzheng had a true temperament and rich emotions.
Zhang Tingyu, who is willing to work hard and work hard, has risen from recognition of his work to a deep personal friendship
As we all know, Yongzheng's creation of the "Military Aircraft Department" was a major political reform at the time and had a profound impact on history. If Yongzheng's military aircraft department achieved fruitful results, it was because of Zhang Tingyu's red flowers and green leaves. Although there are many reasons for the emergence of the Military Aircraft Department, the most direct reason is that Yongzheng wanted to centralize and unify power and weaken or deprive any institutional possibility of sharing rights. Another reason is the rapid implementation of Yongzheng's governance philosophy. High efficiency and low-cost operation are the highlights of the Military Aircraft Department.
Military Aircraft Department
Although there are thousands of things in the empire, and every move affects the whole body, but since the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, it is like an assembly line, tense and orderly, under the control of the imperial power Under the structure, it is like the Thousand-Armed Guanyin, truly realizing Yongzheng's macro-power dream of "the only person who governs and knows the world". The Military Aircraft Department handles confidential emergency matters and is close to Yongzheng's palace to ensure that it is on call to handle any emergencies that may occur. Members of the Military Aircraft Department were on duty and did not have a fixed establishment. It was under this kind of organization that Zhang Tingyu became more and more important to Yongzheng. The speed and quality of the documents he drafted were very much in line with Yongzheng's wishes. Zhang Tingyu helped Yongzheng continue to improve the regulations of the Military Aircraft Department and fully cooperate with the major reforms initiated by Yongzheng.