At first, he was hired by the state, and served as the main book of Wei general Jiang Wei, the secretary of Dongguan, the secretary lang, the assistant minister of Sanqi, the assistant minister of Huangmen and the official of Guange. At that time, eunuch Huang Hao was overbearing, and most officials in Shu Han tried to please Huang Hao, but Chen Shou refused to attach himself to him, so he was relegated for many times. It coincides with the death of Chen Shou's father. During the mourning period, he asked the maid to wait for his medicine because of illness, which was seen by visitors. Therefore, the emerging party criticized him.
In 263, the Shu and Han Dynasties perished, so Chen Shou was not recommended for many years. Zhang Hua appreciates his talent and thinks that although he is suspected of dereliction of duty, he should not be demoted according to reason. So he was elected xiaolian and appointed as yangping county magistrate. Chen Shou wrote Zhuge Liang Collection and reported it to the court. Later, he was appointed as A Lang and served as Zhong Zheng in this county (Brazil County).
Since Yizhou, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, people from Shu County, such as Zheng Boyi, Zhao (Zhao Qian), Chen Shenbo, Zhu Yuanling and Wang Shang, have read widely and written Biography of the Old Man. Chen Shou thought that none of these books had the value of spreading to later generations, so he combined Baxian and Hanzhong and wrote ten biographies of Ibsen. Wen Li, a regular servant on horseback, presented this book to the court and was praised by Emperor Wu.
Zhang Hua, who has been repeatedly denounced, is going to recommend Chen Shou as Zhong Shulang. Xun Xu-ma, the supervisor of the Chinese Library, hated Chen Shou because he hated Zhang Hua, so he motioned the official department to change Chen Shou to Governor Changguang (Xun Xu-ma first appreciated Chen Shou, but later released him because he was dissatisfied with the content). Chen Shou refused to take office on the grounds of supporting his mother.
In the fourth year of Xianning (278), before Du Yu, the general of Zhennan, left Beijing to guard Jingzhou, he recommended Chen Shou to the imperial court, suggesting that he should be named assistant minister of Huangmen or constant attendant of Shisan. Therefore, Chen Shou was appointed as a scholar and counselor. Because her mother died and left her job, her mother's last words buried her in Luoyang. Chen Shougong carried out his mother's will, but he was criticized and demoted. At the beginning, Qiao Zhou once said to Chen Shou, "You will be famous for your talent, but you will also be vilified and hurt frequently. This is not necessarily unfortunate. Be careful. " At this point, Chen Shou once again incurred the humiliation of demotion, which is exactly what Qiao Zhou said.
In the first year of Taikang (280), Jin destroyed Wu and unified the world. Chen Shou wrote the History of the Three Kingdoms, with 65 articles. At that time, people praised Chen Shou for being good at describing historical events and having a good historical talent. Xiahou Zhan was also writing the Book of Wei, and after reading Chen Shou's The Reflection, he ruined his own Book of Wei. Zhang Hua praised Chen Shou and said to him, "You should entrust the book of Jin to you." Chen Shou was so valued by people at that time.
After several years of frustration and death, Chen Shou was worshipped as the illegitimate child of the prince and did not take office.
In the seventh year of Yuankang (297), Chen Shou died of illness at the age of 65. After his death, Liangzhou Dazhengzheng, Shang Fanji and others wrote: "In those days, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wrote a letter saying,' Sima Xiangru is in critical condition and can send someone to retrieve his works.' The messenger got the books left by Sima Xiangru. When it comes to the emperor's worship of heaven and earth, Emperor Wu was greatly surprised. I think The History of the Three Kingdoms, written by the late scholar Chen Shou, has a lot of exhortations, which explains the gains and losses of predecessors and is of great benefit to the education of this world. Although the language is not as good as Sima Xiangru's, it is simple and realistic. I urge your majesty to collect and record its books. "And imperial edicts Henan Yin, luoyang, sent to Chen Shougu copy books.
The main entry of the three kingdoms: the three kingdoms
Chen Shou's main work is The History of the Three Kingdoms, which is a biographical and dynastic history, recording the period of opposition between Wei, Shu and Wu. Among them, Shu Wei has 30 volumes, Shu Shu 15 volumes, Wu Shu has 20 volumes and * * * has 65 volumes. It records the 60-year history from 220 AD (the first year of Huang Chu, Wei Wendi) to 280 AD (the first year of Taikang, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty).
Chen Shou was a minister of the State of Jin, who succeeded Wei and won the world, so the history of the Three Kingdoms respected Wei as orthodox. In Shu Wei, Cao Cao wrote a biography, while Shu Shu and Wu Shu just passed it on without discipline. Liu Bei is called a great master, and Sun Quan is called a great master. This is an example of compiling history books to serve politics, and it is also a feature of the History of the Three Kingdoms. Although Chen Shou respected Wei as orthodox in name, in fact he wrote a Book of Wei Shuwu, which truthfully recorded the tripartite confrontation between the three countries, showing that they were independent, not subordinate to each other and had equal status.
The History of the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou, like the first three histories, is also a private history book. The History of the Three Kingdoms was well received by people at that time after it was written. Chen Shou's narrative is short, the three books are rarely repeated, and the notes are informative. He is also very cautious in the selection of materials, which is valued by historians of past dynasties. Historical Records, History of Han Dynasty, History of Later Han Dynasty and History of the Three Kingdoms are collectively called the first four histories, which are considered as biographical historical masterpieces.
However, the History of the Three Kingdoms also has some shortcomings, which can not be ignored. In narration, apart from contradictions in some biographies, its biggest shortcoming is that it pays more attention to Cao Wei and Sima Shi, which has been criticized by historians in past dynasties. In addition, the whole book only has history and biography, and there is no ambition and table, which is a big deficiency.
Chen Shou's other works include 50 annals of ancient countries and biographies of Yidu retirement 10, all of which have been lost. There are also seven articles on litigation, discussing how to carry out reform according to laws and regulations. There are also two articles: Taboo Interpretation and On Guangguo.
The Complete Works of Jinwen also includes the Catalogue of Books on Zhuge's Desk, and refutes Pu's exposition on the former shogunate of Wang Chang.
Historical evaluation of Qiao Zhou: Qing dynasty will be famous for its talent and learning, and it is unfortunate to be damaged, so it should be cautious.
Times people: good at narration and good at history.
Sima Zhong: Longevity should be true, but it is not long enough.
Fan F: Therefore, the Records of the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou, a calligrapher, is full of exhortations, makes clear the gains and losses, and is conducive to weathering. Although the style of writing is different, the quality is straight, and I am willing to record it.
Changqu: (1) store, which is used differently. There are seventy Confucius courses, different subjects and different lines, and the most important thing is consistency. If you think of all philosophers, you may be handsome, or you may be obsessed with Confucianism and Mohism, or you may know nothing about Zuo. If you dive, you will be covered in mud, jump and fly. Yan Zhen, Xi Shi, is also a scholar of Jinsheng University. (2) illegitimate child archaeology, move, solid eponymous.
Pei Songzhi: Shou Shu's account is impressive, and many things are judged. A sincere garden visit is a beautiful history in modern times.
Ho Choi: (1) has the wind of good history, and his writings, no matter what they mean, are flourishing because of Wang Ting's words. They are subtle and graceful, with strong logic, and have been enduring since the beginning of similar history. (2) Chengyou's evaluation is bright, but it has a reputation of being too beautiful, and the case is not hateful.
Liu Xie: As for the biography of the later Han Dynasty, it originated from the eastern view. Bird's system, neither fish nor fowl partial refutation; Xie Xue's works are sparse and ridiculous. If Sima Biao speaks in detail and Huaqiang speaks accurately, it will be crowned. The three masters of Wei remember each other and inherit each other. Yang Qiu and Wei slightly belong to Jiang Biao and Lu Wu. It's either hard to resist or sparse. Only Chen Shou's "Three Stories" is outstanding in quality, and Zhang Xun is equal to it.
Fang: (1) The king of ancient times built a contract with salt to show the law and establish training, so he didn't come near here. If my husband's original life is coming to an end, his words are implicit and obvious, and his meaning is clear and definite, then he can be a person who lives far away with affection and oil. Tyumen has gone, Banma is thriving, pink is written in Xijing, and the word is straight in the east. Now that I have fallen, I am obviously competitive, and I can follow the example of the Ming Dynasty. Chen shou will get it! (2) Chen Shouzai chapter, rock independence. This is a good day to celebrate, but it is not a day for kissing.
Liu Zhiji's Shi Tongqu Pen: This is also a traitor, and it is also a pen to kill people. Although he is in the city, he can jump on the tiger.
Su Xun's Five Chapters of Jia: It's a long history. It is natural to observe their writings during the Wei, Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Sui Dynasties. Strangely, in the 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, the articles were invincible, except for three generations, when the Han Dynasty was invincible. No one can compare with Ye Fan and Chen Shou in the history books.
Ye Shi: Chen Shoubi pressed Sima Qian from a height. The party's class is solid, but it lacks some literature and righteousness, so it is necessary to win solidity.
Genealogy of You Family in Guang 'an: Guang 'an is second to none in northern Sichuan. Such as Chu Cun Han by Ji Xin, Lu An Liu's Shovel by Ji Tong, Military Strategy by He Wang, Articles by Qiao Zhou and Chen Shouzhi, Ci by Zhang Tingjian, Rebellion by An (An Bing), New Year's Festival by Yan You and Pang Xiong, and Neo-Confucianism by Li Bian and Shi Hei.
Li Ciming: As an official in the Jin Wu world, I feel lonely and dangerous. At that time, it was noon, and Wang Shen's followers were in high positions. His books are very popular, but he learned to publish and cut, which he never considered. This is a very good history.
Zhao Yi: Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms is said to be good at narration and history, but there are also some mistakes.
Biography of loyal men: Qiao Zhou foresaw the bitter fate that Chen Shou, the king of national subjugation, would accept and said words of encouragement. The cold eyes that penetrate history are often not winners, but losers. Carrying the shadow of national subjugation, Chen Shou had to continue to live.
There is a rumor in the biography of Chen Jinshou written by Fang and others in the Tang Dynasty that Chen Shou confessed in the book out of personal grievances. It is said that Ding Yi and Ding Na are famous in Cao Wei. Chen Shou said to their son, "Give me a few kilometers and I will write a good biography for your father." Shi Ding refused, and Chen Shou really didn't make a biography for them. Chen Shou's father once joined the army in Ma Su, Ma Su was defeated and killed by Zhuge Liang, and Chen Shou's father was also implicated and punished. Zhuge Zhan looked down on Chen Shou. So Chen Shou made a biography of Zhuge Liang, saying that Zhuge Liang's military strategy was not his strong point, and he was incapable of dealing with the enemy. It is an exaggeration to say that Zhuge Zhan only does calligraphy. All the people who say despise Chen Shou.
However, only a few historians, such as Liu Qiu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and Liu Zhiji of the Tang Dynasty, believe this rumor, and most historians think this historical material is false. In the Textual Research of the Three Kingdoms, Pan Mei in Qing Dynasty pointed out: "Ding Yi and Ding M, officials only stabbed traitors and assistant ministers of Huangmen, but they didn't destroy the front, let alone seize the temple. The party was in the hands of King Chen of State, who shook their heirs and provoked flesh and blood. If they fail, they will be punished and have committed the crime of Wei. " In fact, after Cao Pi became king, he killed Rockett, Ding M and the men. They have no children. "Book of Jin" thinks that Suomi should make a biography, which is the most ignorant statement. Zhao Yi also pointed out in Notes on the Twenty-two Histories: "The Book of Jin said that Shoufu joined the army for Ma Su, but Zhuge Liang condemned him and Shoufu was rejected. Therefore, Shoufu was called the legend of light, which means that Shoufu will be slightly different. "This is ignorance. You don't have to be good at fighting where the light can't reach. Guan shou revised Zhuge Ji, stating that "science and education are strict, rewards and punishments must be believed, no evil is not punished, and no good is not shown." As for officials, rape is not allowed, and people are motivated. Up to now, the people of Liang and Yi have sung praises in Gan Tang, but the songs of the people of Zheng have accomplished nothing. "After" Bright Biography ",he commented:' Bright is the rule, sincere is the public, good is meticulous, and evil is not falling. Finally, within the national territory, those who are afraid and love each other, although the criminal law is severe and there is no resentment, earnestly exhort the public. "His praise of Confucius can be said to be unique." Thus, it can be seen that the book of Jin derogates from Chen Shouzhi, which is a false word and should not be taken seriously.
According to the Records of Huayang Country, Li Xiang, a native of Zitong, is famous in the contemporary world for his outstanding virtue. At first, they were just as famous as Chen Shou and were closely related to each other. Later, they had a bad relationship with Chen Shou and attacked each other. People of insight looked down on them.
Historical records record the Book of Jin, Volume 82, Biography 52.
Huayang National Records Volume XI
The remains of future generations are Wanjuanlou.
Main entrance: Chenshou Wanjuan Building
Chen Shou's Wanjuanlou, located at the foot of Yuping Mountain in Nanchong, Sichuan, is the place where Chen Shou grew up and lived in seclusion in his later years. According to historical records, Wanjuanlou was built in the Jianxing period of Shu Han, and it is a pavilion with three eaves of wood and stone structure. In the Tang Dynasty, a new Kanluoji was built in front of the building, forming a building complex with Han and Tang styles. During the Cultural Revolution, Wanjuanlou was severely damaged.
The People's Government of Shunqing District of Nanchong City rebuilt Wanjuan Building on 1990. The reconstructed Wanjuan Building covers an area of 100 mu. It consists of Chen Shou Reading Building, Chen Shou Memorial Hall and Library Building. It stands on the mountain with magnificent momentum and gorgeous colors. The "Wanjuan Building" inscribed by Zhao Puchu, vice chairman of China Calligraphers Association and president of Chinese Buddhist Association, is 4.7m long and1.8m high. On the doorframe of the main building of Wanjuanlou, there are many couplets praising Chen Shou: "A thousand years' pen writes a thousand years' history, and Wanjuanlou hides thousands of books", "Breaking thousands of books to seek the true meaning of life in the universe, compiling the Three Kingdoms to carry forward the spirit of the Chinese nation", and "Without three books, China will become eternal hatred, and thousands of books will be blessed, so the world has to admire the first floor".