Temples and posthumous title.
Temple number is the name that the ancient emperor of China paid homage to in the ancestral temple after his death. It is generally believed that temple names originated in Shang Dynasty, such as Taizong in Taijia, Taizong in Wu Tai and Gaozong in Wuding. At first, the name of the temple was very strict. According to the standard of "the ancestors made meritorious deeds, and the ancestors were virtuous", the founding monarch is generally an ancestor or heir monarch with the ability to govern the country. The posthumous title system was established in the Zhou Dynasty, and the life of the monarch and his subjects was finally evaluated. The temple name system was abolished. Even the posthumous title system in the Qin Dynasty was abolished.
Later, the Han Dynasty inherited the temple name system. The Han dynasty was extremely cautious about adding temple names, so many emperors didn't have temple names. Liu Bang was the founding monarch, whose temple number was Mao Zedong, and the Emperor Gao of posthumous title.
The Han Dynasty emphasized filial piety, so except Liu Bang and posthumous title, the emperor who acceded to the throne, all had the word "filial piety". The emperors of the Han Dynasty all had posthumous title, but few people had temple names. Liu Bang was the great ancestor of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Heng was Emperor Taizong, Liu Che was Shizong Xiaowu, and Liu Xun was Zhongzong Xiao Xuan. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, grandfathers Guangwudi, Liu Zhuang Xianzong Xiaoming and Liu Yun Suzong. In addition, several emperors in the Eastern Han Dynasty had temple names: Liu Zhao was Emperor Mu Zongxiao, Liu You was Emperor Gong Zongxiao 'an, Liu Bao was Emperor Jing Zong, and Herry Liu was Emperor Wei Zongxiaohuan. However, when the names of these temples were cancelled, Xian Di was filial.
Except for some imperialists and short-lived emperors, the Tang Dynasty generally had temple names.
Temple names often use the word "Zu" or "Zong". The founding emperors are generally called "Taizu" or "Gaozu", such as Han Taizu, Tang Gaozu and Song Taizu; Later emperors were generally called "Zong", such as Emperor Taizong, but there were exceptions. The spread of "grandfathers" began in Cao Wei. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the temple names of emperors in small countries such as Houzhao, Yan Qian, Houqin and Xiqin were almost all called grandfathers.
When addressing, the temple number is often placed in front of posthumous title, which together with posthumous title constitutes the full name of the late emperor. Traditionally, before the Tang Dynasty, the dead emperors were generally called posthumous title, such as Emperor Wu and Yang Di, rather than the names of temples. After the Tang Dynasty, due to the lengthening of posthumous title, it was renamed as the temple name, such as Taizong and Song Taizu.
Generally speaking, the choice of words for temple names does not refer to calligraphy, but it also has the meaning of praise and criticism. Taizu and Gaozu founded the country, and Sejong and Taizong carried forward. Sejong and Gaozong were both honored as their masters. Renzong, Xuanzong, Shengzong, Xiaozong, Chengzong and Zongrui are all wise men, while Zhongzong and Xianzong are all masters of ZTE. In addition, Zhezong, Xingzong, etc. They are all good emperors who have made a difference. The merits of Zongshen and Yingzong are insufficient, Dezong and Ningzong are too weak, Xuanzong, Zhenzong, Jong Li and Daozong are too mysterious, Wenzong and Wuzong have their own merits, Mu Zong and Jing Zong have similar merits, Guangzong and Xizong are fatuous and decadent, so mourning and remembering them can only lead to national subjugation.
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More and more long, the school is weak!
In addition to China, Wang and Li, as well as Vietnamese emperors, such as Hou, Mo Dynasty and Ruan Dynasty, also have temple names. However, Japan has not adopted the temple naming system.