Deng Jiaxian, 1924, was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province, with a scholarly family. The following year, he went to Beijing with his mother and grew up beside his father, a philosophy professor in Tsinghua and Peking University. He entered primary school at the age of 5 and laid a good foundation of Chinese and western culture under the guidance of his father. 1935, he was admitted to Zhicheng Middle School, and became best friends with Yang Zhenning, a neighbor in Tsinghua who was two classes older than him. Deng Jiaxian was deeply influenced by the patriotic national salvation movement on campus. 1937 After the fall of Beiping, he secretly joined the Anti-Japanese Party. Under the arrangement of his father, he went to Kunming, the rear area, with his sister, and 194 1 was admitted to the Physics Department of The National SouthWest Associated University.
1948 to 1950, went to Purdue University in the United States, got a doctorate in physics, and returned to China in the same year. 1950 10 was assigned to work in Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1956, joined the China * * * production party. He has successively served as an assistant researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, an associate researcher at the Institute of Atomic Energy, director of the Ninth Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, member of the Department of Mathematical Physics of China Academy of Sciences, and the first and second executive directors of the China Nuclear Society. He is a member of the 12th Central Committee of communist party, China. Participate in organizing and leading the research and design of China's nuclear weapons. He is one of the founders of China's theoretical research on nuclear weapons. Great contributions have been made from the principle breakthrough and test success of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs and their weaponization to the major principle breakthrough and development test of new nuclear weapons. As a major participant, its achievements have won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award and the special prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. Known as "the father of China's atomic bomb".
Deng Jiaxian's life
Deng Jiaxian, 1924, was born on June 25th in Huaining County, Anhui Province. My grandfather was a famous calligrapher and seal engraver in Qing Dynasty, and my father Deng Yizhe was a famous aesthete and art historian in China. He used to be a professor of philosophy at Tsinghua University and Peking University. 1925, his mother brought him to Beijing to live with his father. He entered primary school at the age of 5 and laid a good foundation of Chinese and western culture under the guidance of his father. 1935, he was admitted to Chongde Middle School and became best friends with Yang Zhenning, who was two classes older than him and was a neighbor in Tsinghua. 1945 graduated from The National SouthWest Associated University, Kunming, and 1948 went to 1950 to study theoretical physics at Purdue University!
He has a long-cherished wish to become a powerful country through science and technology since he was a teenager, and closely linked his personal career with the rise and fall of the nation.
Deng Jiaxian was deeply influenced by the patriotic national salvation movement on campus. After the July 7th Incident, his family stayed in Beijing, and he secretly attended the anti-Japanese party. Under the arrangement of his father, 65,438+06-year-old Deng Jiaxian went to the home front with her sister, finished high school in Jiangjin, Sichuan, and was admitted to the Physics Department of The National SouthWest Associated University at 65,438+09,465,438+0, where she studied under famous professors such as Wang Zhuxi and Zheng Huachi. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression won, he got a diploma, joined the "people's youth", the peripheral organization of China's * * * production party, and devoted himself to the struggle for democracy and against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang. The following year, he returned to Peiping, was employed as a teaching assistant in the Department of Physics of Peking University, and served as the chairman of the staff union of Peking University in the student movement.
With the ambition of learning more skills to build a new China, he passed the postgraduate examination in the United States on 1947 and entered the graduate school of Purdue University in Indiana the following autumn. Because of his outstanding academic performance, he finished all the credits in less than two years and passed the doctoral thesis defense. At this time, he was only 26 years old and was called "Doctor Doll". Just nine days after receiving his degree, Dr. Dole resolutely gave up the excellent living and working conditions in the United States and returned to the poor motherland.
1950 In August, nine days after receiving his doctorate in the United States, Deng Jiaxian declined the detention of his tutor and friends at the same school and decided to return to China. In the same year 10, Deng Jiaxian came to the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a researcher. At the reception of the foreign affairs department in Beijing, someone asked him what he had brought back. He said: "I brought my father a few pairs of nylon stockings that China couldn't produce under my nose, and I also brought a head of knowledge about atomic nuclei." In the following eight years, he studied China's nuclear theory. 1953, he married Xu Luxi. Xu Luxi was an important student leader in the May 4th Movement, the eldest daughter of Xu Deheng, and later served as the vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). 1956, Deng Jiaxian joined the China * * * production party.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/958, Qian Sanqiang, vice minister of the Second Machinery Department, found Deng Jiaxian and said that "the country is going to enlarge firecrackers" and asked him if he would like to take part in this work that must be kept strictly confidential. Deng Jiaxian agreed without hesitation. After returning home, he only told his wife that he wanted to transfer his job. He can no longer take care of his family and children, and communication is difficult. The wife, who has been influenced by patriotic thoughts since childhood, understands that her husband must engage in work of great significance to the country and expresses her firm support. Since then, Deng Jiaxian's name has disappeared in publications and foreign exchanges, and his figure only appears in the heavily guarded deep courtyard and the Gobi Desert.
After Deng Jiaxian became the director of the Theory Department of the Ninth Research Institute of the Second Machinery Department, he first selected a group of college students to prepare relevant Russian materials and atomic bomb models. 1in June, 959, the Soviet government terminated the original agreement, and the central government made up its mind to build an atomic bomb and a satellite by itself. Deng Jiaxian served as the head of the theoretical design of the atomic bomb, and at the same time deployed colleagues to study and calculate separately. He also took the lead in tackling key problems. When Deng Jiaxian faced a figure of atmospheric pressure left by Soviet experts, with the help of Zhou, he overturned the original conclusion through rigorous calculation, thus solving the key problem related to the success or failure of China's atomic bomb test. Mathematician Hua later said that this was the result of the "World Mathematical Problem Set".
China's development of the atomic bomb coincided with three difficult years. Although researchers in cutting-edge fields have high rations, they often go hungry because of lack of oil and water. Deng Jiaxian can get a little food stamp support from his father-in-law, but all of it is used to buy cookies and share them with his colleagues when he is nervous at work. It is under such difficult conditions that they work overtime day and night. When "roughly estimating" parameters, we should have physical intuition; When planning and calculating day and night, you should have mathematical insight; When deciding a plan, you should have courage and correct judgment. But whether this theory is accurate has always been a question. I wonder if his hand trembled when he signed the key plan. ...
Deng Jiaxian not only works hard in secret research institutes, but also often goes to the Gobi proving ground where sand and stones fly. He braved the heat and cold, worked as a bachelor in the proving ground for 8 years, led the nuclear test 15 times on the spot, and mastered a lot of first-hand information. 1964 10, China successfully exploded the first atomic bomb, and finally he signed the design scheme. He also led the researchers to quickly enter the explosion site to take samples after the test to confirm the effect. He studied hydrogen bombs with Yu Min and others. According to the "Deng Yu Plan", the hydrogen bomb was finally made and successfully tested two years and eight months after the atomic bomb exploded. Compared with 8 years in France, 7 years in the United States and 10 years in the Soviet Union, this has created the fastest speed in the world.
1972 Deng Jiaxian was the vice president of the nuclear weapons research institute, and 1979 was the president. 1984, China successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons test in the deep desert. The next year, his cancer cells spread irretrievably. His request on National Day is to visit Tiananmen Square. 1986 July 16, the State Council awarded him the National May 1st Labor Medal. On July 29th of the same year, Deng Jiaxian passed away. His last words are still about how to work hard on cutting-edge weapons and exhort: "Don't let others leave us too far away ..."
[Edit this paragraph] Deng Jiaxian's contribution
Deng Jiaxian is the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons research and development, and is known as the "father of the two bombs". In the research of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, Deng Jiaxian led the basic theoretical research of detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state and neutron transport, completed the theoretical scheme of atomic bomb, and participated in guiding the detonation simulation test of nuclear test. After the success of the atomic bomb test, Deng Jiaxian organized forces to explore the design principles and selected technical approaches of the hydrogen bomb. He led and personally participated in the development and experiment of China's first hydrogen bomb in 1967.
Deng Jiaxian and Zhou's Summary of Theoretical Research on China's First Atomic Bomb is a groundbreaking basic work on the theoretical design of nuclear weapons, which summarizes the research results of hundreds of scientists. This work is not only instructive for future theoretical design, but also an introductory textbook for training researchers. Deng Jiaxian also made an important contribution to the study of the equation of state at high temperature and high pressure. In order to train young researchers, he also wrote many lectures on electrodynamics, plasma physics, spherical concentric detonation wave theory and so on. Even after assuming the heavy responsibility of the dean, he began to write Quantum Field Theory and Group Theory after work.
Deng Jiaxian is an outstanding representative of intellectuals in China. For the prosperity of the motherland and the development of national defense research, he was willing to be an unknown hero and struggled in obscurity for decades. He often appears in the most dangerous positions at critical moments, regardless of personal safety, which fully embodies his lofty and selfless dedication. He has made outstanding contributions to the development of China's nuclear weapons, but little is known. People didn't know his deeds until after his death.