Yulinling Liu Yong (Song Dynasty)
The chilling cicadas are miserable. Facing Changting at night, the showers have begun to subside.
There is no trace of drinking in the Dumen tent, and the place of nostalgia and the orchid boat urge the hair.
Looking at each other with tears in their hands, they were speechless and choked.
Thousands of miles away, the mist spreads across the sky.
Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times. Even more embarrassing and neglected Qingqiu Festival.
This word is an eternal masterpiece that expresses the emotions of separation. It is also an outstanding representative of Liu Ci and the graceful Ci of the Song Dynasty. In the poem, the author expresses his true feelings when he left Bianjing and said goodbye to his lover in a lingering, sad and moving way. The first part of the poem describes the scene of parting, and the second part mainly describes the scene after farewell. The whole poem is full of ups and downs, with both voice and emotion. It is one of the "Top Ten Songs of the Song and Jin Dynasties" that was popular in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The first three sentences describe the scenery of the farewell moment, clarifying the location and sequence of the verses. "Book of Rites & S226; Monthly Order" says: "On the moon of Mengqiu, cicadas chirp." It can be seen that the time is about the seventh month of the lunar calendar. However, the poet did not describe the natural scenery purely objectively, but through the description of the scenery and the rendering of the atmosphere, he blended the emotions into the scenery and implicitly conveyed different meanings. Autumn, twilight, sudden rain and chilling cicadas, everything the poet sees and hears is desolate everywhere. The sentence "Wate to Changting", with a knife inserted in the middle, is extremely frustrating and swallowing, which more accurately conveys this desolate situation. The description of the scenery in these three sentences also sets the stage for the "without thread" and "prompt" in the next two sentences. "Drinking in the tent of Dumen", Yu Ben Jiang Yan's "Farewell": "Drinking in the tent of Dongdu, seeing off guests in Jingu." His lover held a wine banquet in the pavilion outside Dumen to see him off, but in the face of fine wine and delicacies, the poem People have no interest. Next, it goes on to say: "The place of nostalgia, Lanzhou urges hair". These seven words are completely realistic, but they depict the typical environment and typical psychology in a refined way: on one side, the nostalgia is strong, and on the other side, Lanzhou urges hair, so The conflicts are so sharp! The "Orchid Boat Urging the Hair" here uses straight strokes to describe the urgency of parting. Although it is not as lingering as theirs, it is straightforward and calm, and can promote the deepening of feelings. Then the following two sentences came out: "Holding hands and looking into tearful eyes, I was speechless and choked." There are only eleven characters, the language is popular but the emotions are profound, and the images are lifelike, just like today. What a powerful match! The poet's inner monologue was choked by two lines of "read it and go". The word "Nian" in the "Qu" tone here is used particularly well. When reading the "Qu" tone, it is used as a leading element. The upper part carries the word "ning choke" and turns naturally, while the lower part starts with the word "qianli" and the downward part flows smoothly. When the word "read" is used together with the word "go", it becomes more and more exciting. When reading one word after another, you will feel that the road is boundless and the road is far away. Below "a thousand miles", the tones are harmonious and the scenery is picturesque. It is called "smoke wave", "twilight mist", and even more "dense", and the coloring is as thick as a layer; it is called "thousands of miles", and it is also called "broad", and one journey is as far as one mile. It talks about the unforgettable love between lovers when they break up.
The first part is a positive farewell, while the second part is about a general discussion, moving from the specific to the general. "Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times." It means feeling sad and cherishing parting. It doesn't start with me, it has been the case since ancient times. Followed by the sentence "It's even more desolate on the Qingqiu Festival", it expresses that the autumn is desolate and desolate, and the feelings are even more alienated than usual. The word "Qingqiu Festival" reflects the first three sentences, echoing before and after, and the stitches are extremely dense; and the three empty words "gennakan" are used to strengthen the emotional color, which is more emotional than the first three sentences using scenes to express emotions. Obvious and profound. The three sentences "Tonight" follow the previous sentence, which is the warning policy of the whole article. It has become a famous sentence in the history of Liu Yongguangyao's poetry. These three sentences are originally imagining what it will be like on the journey tonight, imagining that not long after, a boat will land on the shore, and the poet will wake up from a drunken dream, but he will only see the wisps of the willows blowing in the morning breeze, and a waning moon hanging high on the tops of the willows. The whole picture is filled with a desolate atmosphere, the indifference of guests, the tranquility of the scenery, and the lingering sorrow of separation are completely condensed in this picture. This scene language is like a small frame of fine brushwork, extremely beautiful. Liu Xizai, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in "Yi Gui": "The words are a little bit tainted." Liu Qiqing's "Yulin Ling" said: 'Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times, and it is even more worthy of neglecting the Qingqiu Festival. Where can I wake up tonight? Yangliu'an, The last two sentences express farewell and desolation, and the two sentences "Tonight" are the same as the previous two sentences. There should be no other words between them, otherwise the aphorism will be dead. "That is to say, this is the meaning. The four sentences are inseparable, reinforcing and setting off each other. If another sentence is inserted in the middle, it will destroy the integrity of the artistic conception and the unity of the image, and the following two aphorisms will also lose their luster. The four sentences "It's been years since then" are changed to love language. On the day when they get together, every time there is a good time and a good scene, they always feel happy; but after parting, it is not just a day, year after year, even if there is a good time and good scene, it does not arouse the interest of appreciation, but only increases the trouble.
Even if there are a thousand kinds of customs, who should I tell them? The words "Nian Nian" are closely related to "Tonight" in the previous film. They are closely related to each other in terms of time and thoughts, step by step. Advance. "Even if there are thousands of customs, who should I tell them to?" The whole poem is summarized in a question, just like a galloping horse pulling back its reins, with the tendency to live but not stop; and like a stream of water returning to the sea, which has been exhausted but not yet exhausted.
The reason why this word is so popular is that it is quite unique in art and has a high level of achievement. As early as the Song Dynasty, there were records saying that the sentimental, deep and graceful words of this word "are only suitable for girls in the seventeenth or eighteenth century, holding red tooth plates, singing 'willow bank, dawn breeze and waning moon.' The formation of this style depends on the artistic conception. The poet is good at applying the traditional blending of scenes into slow poetry, expressing the feelings of separation through a pictorial realm. The meaning and the realm form a poetic and beautiful realm, which draws readers with a strong sense of emotion. Artistic inspiration. Although the whole poem is written directly, the narrative is clear and the scenery is exquisite. It uses natural scenery pictures that are specific and vivid to touch the sorrow of separation to render the theme. The scenery is difficult to describe, and the emotions that are difficult to reach are expressed with nature. . The last two sentences are the finishing touch, adding color to the whole poem, and are the most famous sentences throughout the ages.
Appreciation 2
In the star-studded world of Ci poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Yong was dazzling. One of the stars. Ye Mengde of the Southern Song Dynasty recorded in "Records of Summer Vacation" that "everyone can sing Liu Ci wherever there is well water to drink". Among the countless Liu Ci, "Yulin Ling" is the most widely circulated. One of his masterpieces. There is a joke in later generations: "The dawn wind is waning and the moon is falling, Liu Sanbian is dripping with powder and kneading it to make it crispy." He got to know many singing girls and wrote lyrics and music for them, showing a prodigal style. At that time, someone recommended him in front of Renzong, and Renzong only approved with four words: "Go and write lyrics." After Liu Yong was hit, he With no other way out, he had to jokingly call himself "Liu Sanbian, who wrote lyrics on orders", and lived a wandering life in Bianjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou and other cities. Due to frustration and boredom, he wandered around among musicians and singers. With their encouragement, this lyricist who was proficient in music created a large number of new Yuefu (slow lyrics) suitable for singing, which were welcomed by the general public.
Since ancient times, it has expressed the separation between men and women. There are endless poems, lyrics, and poems, but Liu Yong's unique slow poem "Yulin Ling" has endured for a long time and has been recited to this day. It is indeed worthy of study to explore the reasons. Although it is closely related to the author's bumpy life experience, but I I believe that the success of "Yulin Bell" also lies in its unique expression technique: clear layers, clear semantics, describing the scenery, expressing feelings, and rarely concealing it; it is good at using the "spotting" method to apply repeatedly to render the effect. A brief analysis of "Lin Ling":
This poem about separation is vivid and complete. The whole poem is designed around "hurt and parting", the level is particularly clear, and the language is concise and clear. Before, the emphasis was on outlining the environment; the second time when writing about separation, the emphasis was on describing the mood; the second time when writing about farewell, the emphasis was on describing the psychology. /p>
The first three sentences of the poem indicate the time, place, and scenery. The event is about saying goodbye to the one you love. At night, when the shower stopped, the cicadas made a sad cry and bid farewell to the pavilion. How can one endure this parting. The pain! The chirping of cicadas adds to the sadness, and the "sadness" is expressed at the beginning, which sets the tone for this poem. The two sentences "Dumen" are the perfect way to express farewell. The mood is euphemistic and tortuous. When the two lovers are inseparable, the passenger ship keeps urging them. Psychological ambivalence, desire to drink but no emotion, desire to stay but no desire to stay. From this we can see the depth of nostalgia. The two sentences "holding hands" are further smeared, and the words "holding hands", "looking at each other" and "speechless" make people even more sad and dejected. This layer expresses the feeling of nostalgia. The above two levels are full of loops, frustrations, and hesitations, which are enough to make people whimper. After "Thinking of it", it becomes full of energy and flows thousands of miles, like a river flowing out of a gorge, running straight towards Pingchuan, and the words express one's heart directly. Starting with the leading word "Nian" indicates that we are imagining that the road after farewell is vast. "Thousands of miles of smoke, the heavy dusk, and the vast sky are vast." The vast smoke, the heavy dusk, and the vast sky are all descriptions of scenery. In fact, they are all scenery. It contains love, which reflects that the traveler has a bright future, lovers can never meet each other, the scenery is boundless and the love is infinite. The change of head begins with love, sighing that parting has been sad since ancient times. "Sad parting" points out the purpose of this poem.
The sentence "It's even more embarrassing to neglect the Qingqiu Festival" will be pushed to another level, not to mention that I am neglecting the Qingqiu Festival. How unbearable this is! This is a combination of Jiang Yan's "Farewell" and Song Yu's sad autumn sentiments, and refined these two sentences. Melt the feelings of the ancients into your own words and sentences, and give them new meaning. The two sentences "Tonight" further infer the desolation after farewell, but the scenery is clear and clear, just like what the other party saw in the boat after waking up from drunkenness. The beauty of this sentence is that there is emotion in the scene. "I have passed away in the past, and the willows are still there." ("The Book of Songs: Plucking Wei") is also a farewell poem. As soon as the departing person sees the willow, he will remember the scene of reluctant parting when parting, and the scene of giving the willow to farewell will emerge, and wisps of separation sadness will surge in his heart. The three characters "Yangliu Bank" expressly describe the foreground and implicitly describe the feelings of farewell, which is implicit and lingering. It was almost like being in the scene and forgetting what I had imagined. The two sentences "I'm leaving here", and then thinking about the long-term loneliness after farewell, wasting the beautiful years. The two sentences "even if there is", and then deepening from the experience of the previous two sentences, sighing that it will be difficult to see the future, and the style has no one to tell, artistically pushing the feeling of parting to a climax. The third level above is really "endless hatred and endless aftertaste" (Tang Guizhang's "A Brief Explanation of Tang and Song Ci").
This poem describes farewell, farewell, and various thoughts after farewell. It uses line drawing to describe the scenery and express feelings. It has clear layers and clear meaning, and rarely conceals any falsehoods. In particular, the description of the scene after the farewell is more real than reality, and the scenery is used to make people not feel that it is fiction, which shows the superbness of Liu Yong's artistic techniques. Therefore, some people call it "subtle and thought-provoking, and there is emotion in the scenery...'The dawn wind and the waning moon on the bank of the willows' are so popular." (Xie Zhangcheng's "Words on Gambling Villa") Some people think that "'Thousands of Miles of Smoke' is a farewell The love has flown; "Thousands of customs", and the long-awaited wishes have come true." (Li Panlong's "Cottage Poetry") This all illustrates the beauty of this poem. But I think Liu Xizai's theory of "dian dye" in "Art Introduction" is even more worthy of praise. He believes:
The words are a little tainted. The three lines of "Nian Qu Qu" in Qi Qing's "Yulin Ling" highlight the desolation of farewell; the two lines of "Tonight" are tainted by the previous three lines. There must be no other words between the points, otherwise the aphorism will become ashes.
This comment by Liu Xizai is actually based on the painting method to analyze the lyrics, and it can be seen that the technique of deepening the description and repeated smearing in Liu's lyrics. It is both subtle and bold. That is to say, the ingenious use of lyricism and scene description in composition and rhetoric in Liu's poems can be said to have paintings in the poems. The lyrics are particularly philosophical. As the saying goes, "Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times, and it is even more embarrassing to neglect the Qingqiu Festival." When we say goodbye in Qingqiu, how embarrassing is it to be sentimental? The emotion is extremely painful, and it is dyed with "Where can I wake up tonight? Willow bank, dawn wind and waning moon", which makes it even more sad and desolate. The scene is wonderfully integrated without leaving a trace. The scene after this farewell is added with the words "I miss you" It is derived from the enlightenment of three sentences, taking care of the front and back, euphemistically and freely. Liu Ci's use of dyeing skills has indeed reached a high level of achievement, and it is the most prominent in this poem. (Duan Bingwu)
Appreciation Three
"Yulin Ling" is Liu Yong's famous masterpiece. This poem was written when the poet was frustrated in his official career and had to leave Kyoto (Bianjing, now Kaifeng, Henan). It is a very representative poem that expresses the feelings of wandering in the rivers and lakes. This poem describes the emotions of separation and reaches the artistic realm of blending scenes. The main content of the poem is to use the desolate and desolate autumn scenery as a backdrop to express the difficult separation from the lover. The frustration of his career and the separation from his lover are two kinds of pain intertwined, making the poet feel even more bleak and uncertain about his future.
The whole word is divided into upper and lower parts.
Shangqing mainly writes about the inseparable farewell scenes during farewell, expressing the emotions of separation.
The first three sentences of "The cicadas are mournful, it is late in the pavilion, and the showers are beginning to stop" describe the environment, pointing out that the season of farewell is the bleak and cold autumn, the location is Changting outside Bianjing City, and the specific time is A cold dusk after the rain. Through the description of these scenes, the emotions are blended into the scenery, the atmosphere is dyed, and the desolate mood when the lovers parted is accurately reflected, setting a desolate and sad tone for the whole poem. It is truly achieved that every word depicts scenery and every word contains emotion.
"Drinking in the Dumen tent" refers to the scene of parting. Setting up a tent for a banquet outside the capital gate implies failure in official career and breaking up with a lover. "No thread" refers to being unable to make sense, which means "continuous cutting, and the reasoning remains chaotic". It expresses my thoughts that I can’t bear to say goodbye but can’t live without separation. "The place of nostalgia is Lanzhou's prompting." When it was hard to separate and leave, the boatman "rushed" again. It reveals the ruthlessness of reality and the inner pain of the poet.
“Looking at each other’s eyes with tears in hand, I was speechless and choked.
"It was a scene that had to be separated. A pair of lovers held hands tightly, facing each other with tears in their eyes, and neither of them could say a word. These two sentences vividly describe each other's grief, attachment and helplessness. A pair of lovers The state of sadness and despair is vividly reflected on the paper. This is the technique of line drawing, which is called "the words are not surprising, but the meaning is dense."
"Thousands of miles away, the sky is covered with mist." "Write the anticipation of longing after farewell. The gloomy mood of the protagonist in the poem casts a shadow on the color of the sky and water. The word "read" tells the reader that the scenery written below is imaginary. "Go" means going farther and farther. These two words are used very well. I don't want to go but I have to go, which contains the infinite sadness of leaving. As long as the orchid boat sets sail, it will go farther and farther, and the twilight will be deep and the smoke will be thousands of miles along the way, and finally it will drift to the end. The vast and boundless south. The sorrow of separation and the pain of separation are beyond words. Judging from the structure of the words, these two sentences shift from the actual writing of the upper line to the virtual writing of the lower line.
The next line. Focusing on the sad scene after parting in the imagination.
At the beginning, the author gives a general meaning to his feelings: "Sentimental people have been hurt by separation since ancient times." Sad to say goodbye. The word "since ancient times" starts from an individual special phenomenon and is promoted to a universal and widespread phenomenon, which expands the meaning of the word. But the following sentence "can't stand the Qingqiu Festival" emphasizes that one is more bearable than ordinary people and ancient people. The pain is more and more severe. Jiang Yan said in "Farewell": "The one who is in ecstasy is just farewell!" The author melted the ancient people's feelings into his own words, and added layers of layers to create new meanings.
"Where can I wake up tonight? The dawn wind is waning on the willow bank, and the moon is waning. "This is a description of his state of mind after waking up from alcohol, and also his feelings of wandering in the rivers and lakes. The beauty of these two sentences is that they use scenery to express feelings, truly realizing that "the language of scenery is the language of love." "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, so they write The feeling of separation is hard to stay; the cold morning wind expresses the coldness of the heart after farewell; the broken moon expresses the unforgettable meaning of the future. These few scenes express the desolate, lonely and sad feelings of leaving people very fully, truly and creatively. It creates a unique artistic conception. No wonder it is praised by people and has become a famous saying.
Looking forward to the future, it should be a good place for good times. Even if there are thousands of feelings, who should I tell them to?" These four sentences further speculate on the miserable and unhappy situation after parting. How can we survive the long days of loneliness in the future? Even if there are good times and good times, it is just in vain, because no matter how long it takes, There is no one you love to enjoy it with; if you take a step back, even if you can have some feelings in front of the beautiful scenery, who can you tell it to? In short, everything is not interesting anymore. These few words are the poet's words. The feelings of longing and sadness are described in detail and to the extreme, and the feelings of concern for each other are also conveyed. The conclusion is in the form of a question, which makes the feelings even stronger.
"Yulin". The whole poem "Bell" is conceived around the "hurt of parting". The first part is written before parting, focusing on outlining the environment; the second part is writing on the moment of parting, focusing on describing the mood; the next part is writing on the imagination after parting, focusing on outlining the environment and describing the mood. When imagining the future, the poet pays attention to the interplay between the virtual and the real, and goes deep into the details, depicting the scene to his heart's content. It reads like a flowing cloud, with no trace of the ups and downs. The mood of this poem is too realistic because of its true feelings. It is sad and too low, but it vividly depicts the poet's depressed mood and the pain of losing love. People who have suffered from separation throughout the ages will have a strong scream when they read this song "Yulin Ring". .
Appreciation of Four Poems
Ci is a special style of poetry in the history of literature. It originated from ancient Yuefu and emerged in the Tang Dynasty. After the development of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, it became extremely popular in the Song Dynasty. Prosperity. "Song Ci" has become a special term in the history of Chinese literature. In the Song Dynasty, there were not only many poets, but also various styles. It was not until Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty that he founded the bold style. As a representative poet, he inherited and developed the graceful style of poetry that highlights the love between men and women, and the sadness of divorce. The "Yan Ke" with red and green leaves, and the charming and gentle "love language" have become the theme of Liu's poem "Yulin". "Ring" is the masterpiece that best embodies this style among Liu's poems.
The poem "Yulin Ling" was written by the author after he left Bianjing (then the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty) and said goodbye to his lover. From the description in the previous film, we can imagine this: On a late autumn evening, on the outskirts of Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan), in a temporary tent, a man and a woman were drinking and saying goodbye. I was crying for their farewell. The long pavilion not far away was already faintly visible, and it was obvious that it was getting late and a heavy rain had just stopped.
It was getting late, the rain had stopped, and from time to time the boatman's voice came from the riverside: "Get on the boat, it's about to sail!" The two had no choice but to stand up slowly and move out of the tent. At this moment, they were so attached to each other. We really want to break up. You see them hugging each other, looking at each other with tears in their eyes, but they can't say a word. The ship sailed and the people left, drifting away. The lover stood on the shore, with tears in his eyes and his hands raised, watching the orchid boat disappear into the boundless dusk.
This is the scene where Liu Yong, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, said goodbye to his lover that happened 940 years ago. It is also the content of the first film of "Yulinling". The first sentence "cicadas are sad and sad" points out the season - late autumn, "cicadas" are "cold", and their chirping sounds are "sad and sad", which exaggerates the sad environment and atmosphere, sets the tone for the farewell chapter that follows, and also sets the emotional tone for the full text. "Towards Changting at night" tells the time and place, and "showers" describes the weather. It's raining and it's just the right time to stay; it's getting late and the stay time is limited. How they hope it won't stop raining and it's not too late! "Drinking in the capital tent" can be seen as writing about events in Kyoto and expressing the feelings of separation. There is a table of good wine and good food, but the two people are sad to see each other, and they are full of sorrow about separation, so how can they think about it. In fact, if the food is not delicious and the drink is not smooth, it is called "no emotion". The "nostalgic" lover on the boat couldn't bear to say goodbye, while the boatman had to cut off their love and "rush it" when it was getting late. This contradiction between the subjective will and the objective situation brought the farewell to a climax. The two sentences "holding hands" are vivid, delicate, and extremely descriptive. It's like seeing the protagonist of Dandan on the stage, hugging his hands, shrugging his shoulders, complaining of being speechless, crying silently, more deeply sad than a thousand words, howling loudly. On the surface, it describes the circumstances of their breakup, but in reality, it describes their extremely complex and subtle inner activities. There are thousands of tender feelings and sweet feelings, only in the twinkling of tears. The two sentences "think about it" connect the near and far views, and blend the virtual and real scenes. The smoke is thousands of miles away, the Chutian is vast, and the end of the world is vast. Where is the return journey? How much are the emotions of separation and farewell? The wind blows and the waves melt into the dusk. This not only expresses the feeling of loneliness and emptiness after farewell, but also hints at the author's confused future after political failure.
The second part of the poem "Yu" mainly describes the pain after farewell. Sad parting has been a common occurrence since ancient times, but it should never be done in this cold autumn season. How can people bear this? The second sentence echoes the first sentence, and "Qingqiu" corresponds to "chilling cicada", which highlights that my feelings of separation are deeper than those of the ancients, and the meaning is new and unconventional. The two sentences "Tonight" are famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages. "Sobering Up" is directly connected to "Drinking in the Tent" from the previous film. It can be seen that although the mood was "emotionless" at that time, he drank to drown his sorrows and still became intoxicated. Bianzhou was at night, drunk and confused, and suddenly woke up, it must have been dawn. Startled and busy searching, where is my lover? All that can be seen is the dawn wind and the waning moon on the willow bank. The morning breeze in Qingqiu is cool, and the word "moon" is preceded by the word "燧", which indicates that all realms have emerged. It also brings out the desolate, desolate and desolate state of mind of the poet at that time. The sadness of separation at this moment is like a storm and can't be stopped. It is really "the sorrow of separation surges to the willow bank, and the wind of farewell reaches the edge of the waning moon."
"It's been years since we left". The following four sentences are made up to imagine the scene after farewell. The author thinks of "tonight", "thousands of miles of smoke", "thousands of customs", and "speechless", and thinks of "who should I tell you more about". The author left his lover, lonely and desolate, and extremely lonely. From now on, even if there are good times and beautiful scenery, they will only be in vain. However, the more good times and beautiful scenery there are, the more it makes people miss and sad. I'm afraid that from now on I can only spend the rest of my days in "desolation, desolation and misery". In the last two sentences, one "will" and the other "gentle" show the sincere thoughts and deep love.
The poem "Yulin Ling" mainly uses the desolate and desolate autumn scenery to set off the lover's difficult separation. It can be seen that the author was frustrated in his official career and had to leave Beijing for a long trip. This kind of depression The mood and the pain of losing the comfort of love are intertwined to form the main theme of this poem. Its success lies in the fact that it writes his true feelings, but the style is low and the mood is too sad. In addition, in terms of expression techniques, this poem is mainly about narrative, and is good at line drawing, outlining the environment and describing the mood, which is vivid and lifelike. When describing scenes, close and distant views are connected, and virtual and real scenes are combined; when describing emotions, they are rendered and set off, and advanced layer by layer. Feelings arise with the scenery, scenery changes with the feelings, and the scenes blend together, which is deeply touching.
Where will I wake up tonight, on the bank of willows and the waning moon in the morning breeze.
After so many years, it should be a time of good times and good times.
Even if there are thousands of styles, who can I tell them about them?