Text: Dead Wood
When it comes to ancient handsome men, Pan An is the most famous, and he is known as the first handsome man. Pan An is not only handsome in appearance, but also well proportioned; Moreover, he was a brilliant poet, and was a literary leader in the Western Jin Dynasty. He was also known as "Pan Jiang's land and sea" with the calligrapher Lu Ji, and was known in history as "a machine that speaks of the sea, and grows mountains and breeds weeds; Yue Zao is like a river, and it is beautiful and beautiful. " However, the fate of Pan Yue and Lu Ji was very miserable. Lu Ji's army was killed, and Pan Yue's three families were exiled. How did this result in a typical tragic life?
1. Pan An is not a proper name, and his word is improper benevolence
Pan An (247 -3) is not his name, but his real name is Pan Yue, whose word is Anren, and he was born in Zhongmou, Xingyang (now zhongmou county, Henan). Pan An's name was first seen in the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu's poem "Flower Bottom": "I'm afraid it's Pan An County, but I can't stay in Wei Jie." Originally, it was a neat choice in poetry, and the use of "Pan Yue" was not in line with leveling, so Du Fu took its word dual, so later generations replaced Pan Yue with Pan An. Of course, some people think that the word "An Ren" is Pan Yue's word. Because of its moral integrity, it can't afford to be the word "Ren", so later generations omit the word, which is the name of Pan An.
According to the Book of Jin Biography Twenty-fifth Pan Yuechuan, Pan An was born in an official family, his grandfather Pan Jin, and he was the prefect of Anping. Father Pan Bi, official to evil internal history. Pan An was known for his talent and cleverness when he was young, and he was called a "wonder boy" by the township, and he was considered as a young and talented figure like the late Han Dynasty (army) and Jia Yi. He was turned into a scholar very early and became an official in Xun Kai's mansion.
second, Pan An is beautiful, and he plays with fruit.
Pan An is beautiful, and there are many descriptions of Pan An's appearance in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rong Zhi. For example, Pan An had a friendly relationship with Xiahou Zhan, another handsome man who was a writer at that time, and often traveled together. They were well-proportioned and handsome, and were called "Lian Bi" by people at that time. Another example is to set off the beauty of Pan An, which is described by setting off: when Pan An travels in Luoyang, she is often surrounded by women, causing congestion; At that time, Zuo Si Zuo Taichong, a famous writer, followed Pan An's example. Because of his ugly appearance, all the women spat at him, so he had to leave in a daze.
In the Book of Jin, there is another saying, that is, when Pan An travels, she is not only surrounded by women, but also throws fruit at her car, so every trip is full of cars, which is the origin of the idiom "throwing fruit to make a profit". In contrast, Zhang Zai, a writer, is ugly. Every time he travels, he is thrown by children with stones, which is very embarrassing. All these show that Pan An's appearance and charm are very eye-catching, and the first beautiful man is worthy of the name.
Third, the talent is like a river, and poetry and fu are the best
Pan An is brilliant and good at poetry and fu, among which Fu has the highest achievement and is the leader of the literary world at that time. Qiu Xing Fu has gorgeous rhetoric and harmonious phonology. "Idle Residence Fu" is quiet and beautiful, pure and elegant; Xie Hun, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said: "Pan's poems are rotten like Shu Jin, and they are everywhere"; Zhong Rong, a literary critic in the Southern Dynasties, said: "Longevity is lighter than brilliance, so Pan wins". His Poems rated Pan An's poems as top grade and praised "Lu Cai is like the sea and Pan Cai is like the river".
Pan An's Fu on Autumn Prosperity is very famous, so it has become a common allusion in later poems, such as "Yu Chunqiu has two in thirty, and he began to see two hairs", and later generations used "Pan Bin" to describe middle-aged people. For example, Li Deyu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "The more he sings about his illness, the more sad he becomes in autumn", and Yuan Zhen said, "Ning Niu will last night forever, and Pan Bin will decline last year". It can be seen that the influence of Pan An's poetry and fu is profound.
Fourth, with deep feelings, the precedent of mourning
Pan An described in his famous "Nostalgia Fu" that when he was twelve years old, he met his father and friend Yang Zhao, so he was appreciated and married his daughter to Pan An. They were very affectionate and lived together for more than twenty years. Later, Yang died early, and Pan An had a deep affection for Yang. Since then, he has never married again, and made three mourning poems in memory of Yang, which is the first of its kind. Since then, the scope of mourning poems has been limited to mourning his wife, which shows the great influence of Pan Yue's mourning poems.
Pan An's Mourning Poem One is the most famous one, in which "Looking at Lu, thinking about his people, thinking about the past in the room; There is nothing on the screen, and there are traces in calligraphy. " "If there is a bird in Hanlin, it will only live once. If he swims in Sichuan, he will analyze the middle of the road. " Sincere, sincere, very touching. Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised "Only An Ren can be buried, but why did Song Yu solve the problem of evocation", while Yuan Zhen was jealous that "it was a waste of words to mourn for Pan An", and his mourning poems were also very numerous. In Li Si, "Once the sea was difficult for water, forever amber" was even more famous throughout the ages. Unfortunately, Yuan Zhen's character was inferior, and he not only had a constant erotic life. This is a far cry from not remarrying after Pan Yue's wife died.
V. Follow the trend and worship at the dust
Pan An is beautiful and talented, but he is greedy for wealth and follows the trend, which is the reason why his character has been criticized by later generations. According to the Book of Jin, when Pan Angang began to slap the officials of Xun Kaifu, the commander of Sikong, he wrote an article "Borrowing Tian Fu" to praise the praises of Emperor Wu of Jin, so he was suspected by others and could not be promoted for ten years. It was not until Jia Chongfu, who later became the first hero of the Western Jin Dynasty, won the trust of the Jia family and was able to emerge.
During the dictatorship of Jia Nanfeng, the Empress of Jinhui, Pan An, Lu Ji, Shi Chong, etc., attached themselves to Jia Mi, the nephew of Jia Nanfeng, and were promoted to assistant minister of Huangmen. They were subservient to the situation and fawned on others. The Book of Jin records: "Yue is frivolous and eager to benefit the world, and they flatter Jia Mi with Shi Chong and others. Every time they come out, they worship him." This is the origin of the idiom "looking at the dust and worshiping". Pan An and others attached themselves to Jia Mi, and often met and dined in Jingu Garden in Shi Chong, a rich man, and wrote poems, known as "Twenty-four Friends of Jingu". Among them, Shi Chong, Lu Ji, Zuo Si, Ouyang Jian and other famous figures led the literati fashion at that time, which also attracted Wang Xizhi and others in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to follow suit, so there were masterpieces "Lanting Elegant Collection" and "Preface to Lanting Collection".
Six, I fell in love with him, and I didn't stop doing it.
Pan An's political misdeeds were that he fell in love with the prince. The Book of Jin Biography, the 23rd Biography of Prince Sima Yu, records that during the dictatorship of Emperor Jia Nanfeng of Jinhui, because he fell in love with Prince Sima Yu, it was not Jia Nanfeng's fault, so Jia Nanfeng looked for an opportunity to frame the prince. The palace should hurry up again, no, I'll take it. " Some words were not written completely, and they continued to be completed. Finally, as evidence, Emperor Jinhui was furious and gave a letter to death. After a long discussion, Jia Nanfeng suggested that it be abolished as Shu Ren, and then he was killed. Therefore, Pan An is one of the accomplices who framed Prince Huai.
Pan An is so attached to Jia Mi, nephew of Jia Nanfeng, the Empress of Jinhui, that her mother doesn't like it. She often exhorts him, "Why don't you be content?" Pan An pursued fame and gain, and promised on the surface, but it was often wrong, so that it later led to disaster.
VII. Offending Sun Xiu, Three Families Being Banished
Pan An's greatest misfortune was meeting Sun Xiu, a villain. When Pan An's father, Pan Bi, was the civil history of Langxie, Sun Xiu was Pan Yue's entourage, and he was cunning. Pan Yue "hated him, insulted him several times, and showed his resentment." Sun Xiu was good at flattering and vengeful, and later became Zhao Sima Lun's entourage, making suggestions for Sima Lun, suggesting that the Zhao Wang impeded people and used Jia Nanfeng to get rid of the embarrassment.
At that time, Sun Xiu was the secretary of the Central Secretariat. Pan An asked Sun Xiu in the Central Secretariat Province, "Does Sun Ling still remember the past?" Sun Xiu replied: "If the center hides it, when will it be forgotten!" So Pan An knew it was inevitable. Soon Sun Xiu framed Pan Yue, Shi Chong, Ouyang Jian and others for serving Sima Yun, the king of Huainan, and Sima Tong, the king of Qi, as a rebellion, so Pan An was reduced to three clans. In the execution ground, Pan An said goodbye to his mother: "Negative mother!" Unfortunately, it's too late to regret it.
When Pan An and Shi Chong were feasting and composing poems in Jingu Garden, Pan An once wrote poems in the collection of poems in Jingu: "Who doesn't admire spring glory, who is cold and good at the age, is happy alone; Vote and send it to Shiyou, and Bai Shou will return with him. " I didn't expect it to be a prophecy. On the execution ground, Shi Chong was first taken to the court, and Pan An arrived later. He said, "Anren, you can also recover your evil!" ? Yue said: "It can be said that the white head goes to the same place." Although facing it frankly, it is also embarrassing.
Throughout Pan An's life, he was handsome, brilliant, excellent in poetry and prose, and was told through the ages. However, he was greedy for fame and fortune, but in the end he was framed by Sun Xiu, a villain, and was beheaded. It was also a tragedy. Reminiscent of the fact that there are too many historical figures, the articles are totally different from the quality, and the morality and poetry are totally different. Sadly, Pan An's death is not a crime, and it is not sad. !
22/1/21 Yumuzhai
References:
Shi Pin Juan Shang Jin Huang Men Lang Pan Yue
Biography of the Book of Jin The First Biography of Hui Jia
Biography of the Book of Jin The Tenth Biography of Jia Mi.