The water in the garden can be divided into open and deep. The water is vast and has the feeling of Wang Yang; When water is scattered, it is Austria, and its meaning is endless. It doesn't matter which is better or worse. What I fear most is that it is not profound and neither fish nor fowl. How to make water feel the sun? Of course, a big water surface can have the feeling of a big water surface; However, how can a private garden with only a few acres of land feel sunny? This also requires technique and artistic conception. First of all, we must get the moon first from the vantage point. The so-called "seeing the big from the small", the scale problem is very critical. Buildings or rocks near the water should not be too big, otherwise the water surface will feel small. The pond under the Dalong Waterfall in Yandang Mountain, Zhejiang Province looks like a spoonful of water, but it is actually bigger than the big pool in Suzhou Liuyuan! This is the contrast, that is, the question of scale. On the other hand, if the water surface is really small, don't force it, just do the artistic effect of "inexhaustible". The so-called endless meaning is to divide the water surface into small pieces, narrow strips, twists and turns, sometimes hidden and sometimes interesting, like a stream between villages in central Zhejiang or southern Anhui. Such as Suzhou Huanxiu Mountain Villa and the west of Humble Administrator's Garden, all have this kind of water interest. This is called adapting to local conditions.
The water in the garden must be alive. As the last article said, water needs an environment to survive. For example, there is a curved bridge in the northwest of the big pool in Suzhou Netscape Garden, and the water in the pool extends to the small ditch under the bridge, which means endless meanings; Similarly, there is a bridge in the southeast of the pool, and the water is getting narrower and narrower to the south, which seems to flow far away. The big pool in the middle of the Humble Administrator's Garden, in its south and north, is the same. There are two pools in Zhanyuan, Nanjing, and there is a stream to the west of Miaojingtang, which makes the pool water come alive. In Jichangyuan, Wuxi, there is a spring in Bayinjian on the west side of the pool, which is indeed a water source, and there is a water inlet at the north end of the pool, which seems to be the place where the pool water flows out. There are countless examples of this practice.
As mentioned above, the shape of water is on the shore. Suzhou Duoqu Pool and Shaoxing Duofang Pool have different styles. Needless to say, Fang Chi practiced; The practice of Quchi is very particular. The bank of this pool should be curved rather than straight. But the music should have a sense of rhythm, with big songs, small bends, slow bends and sharp turns. Can't always be a kind of music, like teeth, lacking in interest. At the same time, the revetment stones should be sunken inward near the water surface, which not only has endless meanings, but also makes the shore shape ethereal, steep and beautiful.
Waterfront stones should be unified in type, so as to avoid the mixed planting of Huangshi and Hushi stones. Generally speaking, the lakeshore is easier to handle because it is tortuous and ethereal; Huangshi is relatively straight and has a strong sense of entity, so it is difficult to do it well. However, there is also a way to make the image of Huangshi Bank look like a beach and have a unique charm.
The water surface in the garden should be treated as "space". The space in the garden lies in hierarchy. How to make the water have hierarchy? There are basically two methods. One is to narrow it, such as the pool in Jichang Garden in Wuxi, which is long and narrow from north to south, so the water surface narrows at the middle fish threshold (half pavilion) and divides the water surface into two parts; Nanjing Zhanyuan South Pool is narrow in the middle, and several stepping stones have been made, which obviously divides the pool into two. The second technique is to build bridges (or dikes). Although the bridge in the garden is necessary for traffic, it is also something that separates the water space. The water surface is separated by a bridge, which makes the water surface layered and more subtle. Such as Suzhou Yiyuan, there is a curved bridge in the pool. There is a Shui Xin Pavilion in the pool of Jixiaoshan Village, a curved bridge in the south and a levee in the north, which also separates the pool. On the north side of Jichangyuan Pool in Wuxi, the pool is divided into two water surfaces, one large and one small, by Qixing Bridge. There is a large pool in the middle of the retreat garden in Tongli, Wujiang, and a curved bridge separates the northeast of the pool, which makes the water surface hierarchical; The southern end is separated from the "cool rain" (porch) by a small piece of water, which also has a layered feeling. The Songfeng Pavilion in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden has a "small flying rainbow" in front of the pool, which is a covered bridge separating the water surface and has a sense of space hierarchy. Through the covered bridge, the scenery outside is virtual and real, which can be described as the space art of the garden.
Landscape, it seems that the visual image of mountains is better than water; But water is more appreciative. The so-called mountain scenery is high, and the water depends on its flow. When people visited the Grand View Garden in the seventeenth time of A Dream of Red Mansions, it was described as follows: "... the yard was full of roses, and when they turned the flower barrier, they saw the Qingxi in front of them. Everyone was surprised:' Where did this water come from?' Jia Zhen pointed out:' It used to flow from that gate to that hole, from the northeast ravine to that village, and then opened a fork to lead it to the southwest. * * * always flows here, or meets in one place and goes out from under that wall. ""This flowing technique is interesting and natural. In fact, it is also used more in gardens. Nanjing Zhanyuan, the water starts from the "waterfall mouth" in the south of the park, enters a small pool, then turns to the northwest of the pool and becomes a stream. The edge of the park flows from west to north, through the lawn into the big pool in the north of the park, then through the small bridge in the northeast of the pool to form a small pool, and then flows northward, as if entering infinity. Suzhou Huanxiu Mountain Villa is better than rockery, but the water treatment is also interesting. It winds between the hot spring pavilion and the corridor, and there are actually several running waters at the bottom of the corridor. In the West Garden of Humble Administrator's Garden, there is a long water gallery, and the water reaches into the bottom of the gallery, which makes people realize the artistic conception of the water town. The water starts from the back of Taying Pavilion in the southwest corner of the garden, meanders all the way to Bai Wen Shenzhai, then flows eastward across the covered bridge and into the large pool in the central garden. The water in the whole garden, like a weed in calligraphy, meanders and flows wonderfully.
As mentioned above, the water in China gardens should be static and motionless. Zhou was born in the Qing Dynasty and built a garden in Hangzhou, named "Jian Shui Zhai", which originated from China's philosophical thought and embodied the dialectical view of "moving with quietness" (Chen Congzhou's Garden Theory). The water is still, the water is gone, but there are reflections of objects on the shore on the water surface, and swimming fish, algae and other things can be seen underwater. Behind this phenomenon, there is its philosophical connotation. ""Lao Tzu "said" good as water ". In Zhuangzi, it is said that "water is still bright" ("Heaven"), "silence is always bright, and brightness is empty." ("Geng Sangchu"). This profound connotation can exert a subtle influence on visitors, but recently some people don't understand this truth, and always feel that still water seems too dull, so they need to make some fountains and water sculptures. As everyone knows, this is incompatible with the traditional gardens in China.
Lotus can be planted on the water to make it more alive. Planting lotus in the garden, on the one hand, can imagine the noble artistic conception of "getting out of the mud without dyeing"; On the other hand, you can also imagine the beautiful scenery of Xizi Lake, Qu Yuan's wind and lotus flowers, "lotus flowers reflect the sun in a different color". But if you plant lotus flowers, it is often a few years later, and the lotus leaves are full of water in summer. This must also rely on technology: several large tanks can be used to plant loads in them, and then the lotus roots in the tanks will sink to the bottom of the pool together with the load tanks (the tanks here are designed in advance), so that the lotus roots in the tanks will not grow wildly.
The method of water control lies in artistic conception. Therefore, although there are methods, we should not be confined to this, but improve the artistic accomplishment of gardens. However, it should be reminded that water treatment is not isolated, and water must be combined with mountains and buildings, such as platforms, waterside pavilions, water corridors and dry boats, and must be considered as a whole.