(original)
First, the arrangement of words should be even and dense, neither wide nor narrow, such as "shou, painting, dou, pen, beauty, victory, elegance", "feng" and "Yan". These eight techniques are called "dividing white", which is also called "white" in Gao Zong's calligraphy, which is also called "overlapping white".
Second, avoid it, avoid it, avoid it, easily avoid it, avoid it far away, avoid it near, and want it to reflect each other properly. Another example is the word "Lu", the first one is sharp, and the next one is different. The word "Fu" is next to the left, and the word "Feng" is in "?" If you pull it out, you must make some points on it, and avoid overlapping and simplify the path.
Third, there are many people who inherit the word "wearing on", but those who attach importance to the top and despise the bottom all want to gain power, such as "overlapping, building, medicine, Luan, fright, heron, bun, sound, medicine". In the eight major tactics, the so-called "slanting as a person means downloading from above" and "the head should not be light and the tail should not be heavy" are also said.
Fourth, those who interweave calligraphy and painting want their density, length and size to stop evenly, such as "Zhong, Fu, Jing, Qu, Shu, Concurrent, Yu, Yu, Shuang, Er, Xiang, Yong, Er, Ao, You, Xing, Che, Wu and Mi", the so-called "Four" in the Eight Laws.
Five, to the back of the word is opposite, there are opposites, each has its own momentum, can not be wrong. The opposites of "no, no, goodness, knowledge and harmony" are also established, as are the opposites of "North, omen, fat and root".
6. If there are many orthographic characters on one side, if there is an inclination on the other side, it should also be combined with its word potential. Those who lean to the right, such as "mind, posture, clothes and a few"; To the left, such as "evening, friends, yes, no, less, macro" and so on; Just like those biased, such as "hai, female, Zhang, vector, mutual, nothing" and so on. The so-called radical spelling is right, and if it is right, it is radical, which is also wonderful. "Eight Tactics" also says "not to be biased".
Seven, pick? Is it necessary to choose the context of the text? Who, such as "Ge, Yi, Wu, Jiu and Qi"; Another example is the words "offer, persuade, disperse and break". Since there are many left sides, we must get the right side? It; For example, "save, bake" and so on, must the upper level get it? Therefore, phase is good.
Eight, the left and right sides of the word, more or less, must give way to each other in order to be perfect. For example, the words next to "horse", "nest" and "bird" must be straight on the left, and then the right can be used as words, otherwise it will be inconvenient. For example, the word "debate" should be shortened with the word "Yan" in the middle, so that two words "letter" can appear. For example, the words "gull, quail and late" are narrow on both sides and wide at the bottom, so we should make way for each other. Another example is the word "woo, hoo", and the mouth on the left should be close to each other. The word "he" and the word "buckle" should be to the right, so as not to interfere, and then it is better, and so is this kind of thing.
Fill in the blanks, such as "I am here", and doing something to the left is not the same as "success and luck". For example, "attack, conquer, eat, Jiangxi" and so on, it is necessary to have the party, for example, the word "construction" in the inscription of Liquan is also the same.
Ten, cover such as "treasure, capacity", the point must be correct, the painting must be round, not suitable for each other, the upper part is long and the lower part is short.
Eleven such as "zero, today, winter, cold" also.
12. Those who leave the original form of sticky characters want to stick together, so that they can take care of each other better, such as the radical word "Lie, Sword, Fly, Door".
Thirteen, the speed is like "wind, phoenix", and the speed on both sides should be rounded. When using a pen, the left side should be sick, and when carrying a pen, it is like electricity.
Fourteen, don't be empty, such as "circle, garden, field, country, back, bag, south, partition, eye, four, hook", and so on.
Fifteen, the meaning of words is broken and connected, such as "knowledge, meaning, faith, comparison, dawn, biography, week, water, autumn" and so on.
Sixteen, those above the word will be below the word, such as "rain", "hole", "home, glory", "luxury, gold, food, society, lane, Thailand" and so on.
17. Dragging, such as "Du, Qing, Mao, and worship", dragging, such as "water, nutrition, debt, degree, change, travel, people, and also".
18. Borrowing and changing is another example. The word "secret" is on the right of the word "show" and the word "must" is on the left. This is also borrowing and changing. Another example is the word "autumn" as "?" , the word "goose" is "?" Such as this, because its words are difficult to form a structure, so the exchange is so, but also borrowed. So is the so-called "East reflects West".
19. It is difficult to add and subtract words, or because there are few strokes, for example, the word "new" is "?" , the word "sword" is "?" Yeah, yeah. Or because of more strokes, such as "Cao" is "?" What is the word "beauty"? . But to be beautiful, no matter how the ancient people wrote.
Twenty, Chinese characters should be stippled less, set each other off and be interesting, and must be matched. Another example is "dragon, poem, resentment, turn" and so on. You must draw a picture for a picture, and the corresponding pictures are complementary. Twenty-one, people who support independence must support it, and then they will be strong and healthy. Such as "Qian, Xia, Yu, Ding, Shou, Ke, Gong, Si, Yu, spear, Yong, Heng, Ting, Ning, Hui, towel, grass" and so on.
Twenty-two, those who are biased towards each other should take care of each other. There are many words "Zou, Xie, hoe and storage", and those who have the words "Bi and Ban" should take care of each other. So is the so-called "mutual greetings" in calligraphy.
Twenty-three, to save every word, a pen to drop, it is easy to think of how to save the second and third pens, how to tie them. The same is true of the so-called "intention first, literary direction later" in the eight strokes.
Twenty-four, the shape of the attached words, if there is a coincidence nearby, can not be separated, such as "shape, shadow, flying, rising, super, drinking, encouraging." Where there is "literature, debt and support", it is also necessary to roll with the punches and roll with the punches.
Twenty-five, holding the back on the left is like "Yi, Beggar, Yi, Ju", and on the right is like "Gen, Ghost, Bao, Xu, Ta".
Twenty-six, the parcel refers to the "group, nursery", surrounded by parcels. "Shang, Xiang" up and down, "You, Meng" down, "Kui, Kuang" around, "Xun, Hungary" around and so on.
Twenty-seven, but it's good to say that its package won't fall into the hands of powerful people. It's perfect to end it.
Twenty-eight, the stippling of characters should be connected, and they should be connected. Two points such as "small" and "eight" are connected correspondingly; "Long" and other three points, left to right, middle to upper, right to left; The four points of "nature" and "heat" are connected in the middle.
Twenty-nine, see the big or small with small, such as "door?" So is the next big one. Words change from small to large, and their small characters change from small to large. For example, the word "orphan" is only pressed at the end, the word "ning" is only hung at the end, the word "owe" is pulled out, and the word "ge" is a little bit.
30. The formation of small and big means that there is something in small and big words. Mr. Dongpo said: "The big characters are difficult to be dense and seamless, and the small characters are difficult to be generous." It would be perfect if the big characters were dense and the small space was spacious.
Thirty-one, small and big "Calligraphy" says: "The big characters are small preface, and the small characters are big preface, which is naturally wide and narrow." For example, the word "day" is too small to be as big as the word "country". For example, the word "one" and "two" are sparse, and the position of calligraphy and painting should be well thought out, so that the foil can be appropriate and then the top. Or: "It is said that the top is small, the bottom is big, and the top is small, and it must be matched." I also said.
Thirty-two, each writing is formed separately. It is also good to combine into one, and it is also good to divide into different forms, which can be formed separately. As for the size of density, length, width and narrow, it also needs to be explained in detail.
Thirty-three, small left and big right. This section is a word disease. If you want it to stop, people's knots are easy to be left small and right big. So with the next two verses, it is also sick.
Thirty-four, left high and right low, left short and right long. Can't be left high and right low, that is, one shoulder. The left side is short and the right side is long. The so-called "eight strokes" do not mean making the left short and the right long.
People who study European books tend to write long words, so the law requires it to end neatly and converge? Dense, ranked second, and old-fashioned. The so-called "old-fashioned secrets" in the book spectrum are so expensive.
Thirty-six plans, the leaders want them to look around, without losing their position, but also to cover up and down.
(translation)
First, overlapping words means that when writing, the body size and density are arranged according to the number and length of each word to make it symmetrical and narrow. Words with many strokes, such as Tao, Zhou, Xin, Dou, Mo and Zhu, are closely stacked, but they cannot contradict each other. For the space next to the horizontal "Zi" and "Yan", stippling must also have its own position. The "white cloth" and "harmonious stippling" mentioned in Eight Tactics are the same, and so is the "overlapping" mentioned in Tang Gaozong's calligraphy. (text)
In the examples cited in the book, the words "longevity, painting, pen and beauty" were replaced by "Tao, faithfulness, ink and frown" because the original words have been simplified. The following is similar)
Second, avoidance is to make the density, risk and distance of font structure change and reflect appropriately. For example, when making apostrophes, the external apostrophe of the word "Lu" is long and sharp, and the internal apostrophe is shorter to avoid duplication. The long apostrophe of the word "fu" has gone down, so we should leave a short apostrophe to make it change. Another example is si. If the pi si of the word "po" is shortened, it is called avoidance. The permanent extension of the word "Chang" is called "Jiu". Another example is a flat hook, in which the hook of the word "pigeon" is taken as avoidance, and the hook of the word "well" is displayed. Or do you like the word "every"? If you pull it out, you must do something on it, which is also to avoid overlap and simplify the path.
3. Top loading refers to the composition of fonts, most of which are installed below. However, we must be honest and not biased in writing big or small. It should be regarded as heavy on the top and light on the bottom, stable but not floating. For example, "overlapping, tillering, honeymoon, heron, deer, analogy, smashing, gathering" and so on, this is the case. In the eight strokes, the so-called "leaning like a person is called downloading", and there is also a saying that "the head should not be light and the tail should not be heavy".
4. Interpolation refers to the method of horizontal stroke, vertical stroke and diagonal cross to coordinate fonts with density, length and size, so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the structure of bookshelves. For example, "Zhong, Fu, Jing, Qu, Shu, concurrently, Yu, Yu, Shuang, Duo, Xiang, Yong, Er, Lou, You, Xing, Che, Cao, Mi" and so on. This is the metaphor of "stopping on all sides and having all sides" in the eight major tactics.
Five, there are opposites and opposite words, each with its own posture and posture, which cannot be confused. The antonyms of "Mao, Hao, Zhi and He" belong to the same category, while the antonyms of "Bei, Zhao, Fei and Gen" belong to the same category.
6. There are many people whose one-sided words are correct, but there are also people who are biased and inclined. They can be distributed and set according to the different potential structures of each word. For example, the right-leaning "mind, spirit, clothes, skills, flying and ambition" belongs to the same category, and the left-leaning "late, upright, friendly, young and ambitious" also belongs to the same category. There are basically "hai, female, Zhang, friend, mutual, and nothing" as another category. From the word formation point of view, each word has a main stroke as the potential, and the rest of the stippling is the potential supplement, so the profile form can be written correctly and the correct posture can be slightly biased. The so-called flat and wave-containing, straight in the song, more beautiful. The "impartiality" in the eight tactics also means this.
Seven, pick? Font shapes, some to choose, so that the horizontal trend to achieve overall balance, and some strokes will be elongated. For example, the words "Ge, Yi, Wu, JIU and Qi" should be written vertically, and the strokes should be suitable for strength and strength to avoid bending failure. Another example is the words "offering, encouraging, dispersing and breaking". Since there are many stacks on the left, it must be bent on the right. For example, the words "store and bake" must be bent on the lower side to balance.
Eight, the words are mostly left and right, and more points are easy to squeeze and less are easy to disperse. When writing, the radicals must give way to each other without affecting each other, and only when they are arranged properly can they be good. For example, the words next to "horse", "nest" and "bird" must be straight on the left to facilitate writing on the right, otherwise it will hinder the inconvenience. Another example is the word "debate", which is short of the word "Yan" in the middle, so that the word "letter" stands out. Another example is the word "gull, quail and late", which is narrow on both sides and wide on the bottom. We should also give way to each other, such as "woo, hoo", with the mouth on the left and the mouth close to the top. Fonts like "Harmony Button" must be set like this.
Nine, fill in the blank refers to fill in the empty place when making a book, to ensure that the air is well connected, evenly mixed on all sides, and the whole is commensurate. For example, the word "I am" should be on the left, not the same as the word "Cheng, Ji". Another example is "attack, conquer, dine, and Jiangxi", and it is best to be perfect and square on all sides, such as the word "build" in "Li Quan Ming".
10. Cover, that is, the top of the word covers the bottom, like the roof of a palace, completely covered. For example, such things as "Bao and Rong", the points must be right, the paintings must be round and clear, and they should not be stuck together, nor should they be long on the top and short on the bottom.
Eleven, sticking zero is to stick sporadic stippling, which is used to collect pens. In order to set the position, it will be loose if it is too far away from the above strokes, and it will be embarrassing if it is too close. For example, this is the case with the words "Ling, Jin, Dong and Han".
Twelve, the image of some words, originally intended to leave each other, will stick to each other, so that each takes its place. Such as "lying, dedication, quality, crystal, strength and non-strength", all belong to this type.
Thirteen, speed is to use the brushwork quickly. For some words, the meaning of pen is like archery. If Arrow doesn't want to be late, it's too late. For example, "Feng, Feng" and other words, the long wrist of the left hand should run fast, and the pen of the right hand needs "electricity" to write well.
Fourteen, don't eat enough. For the text around the structure, the inside should be full, and it is not advisable to leave more blanks. However, it is best to avoid scattered dots and stress with the periphery, and it is best to use uniform density and appropriate size. For example, the words "circle, garden, map, country, back, bag, south, minute, eye, four, hook" must be arranged in this way.
Fifteen, the meaning of the structure, some braille paintings, shapes do not intersect each other, strokes are relative, we must pay attention to ups and downs when writing, and strive to isolate the word potential, although the shape is broken, but the strokes are connected. For example, the words "knowledge, meaning, faith, comparison, dawn, communication, week, water and autumn" are like this.
Sixteen, covering similar words is a downward trend; Anything that is big in the upper part will inevitably cover the lower part, but it must stop evenly on the left and right, and it must not be biased to one side. For example, the prefixes of "rain", "cave", "home, glory" and "luxury, gold, food, toilet, lane and Thailand" are just the same.
17. Dragging is a gesture of pointing downward, with the right hanging and the left slightly retracted, such as "Du, Qing, Mao and Bai", and the right dragging and the left slightly shorter, such as "water, support, debt, skin, change, walk, people and also".
18. Borrowing means that the stippling of combined words is borrowed from each other, or interchanged left and right, and some of them are stacked up and down, and split into horizontal lines side by side. For example, the word "dense" in Jiuchenggong's "Li Quan Ming" takes the right point of "xian" as the left point of "Xu", which is borrowing. For example, in the second half of the word "Ling", the word "Gang" or "Wu" in the law post is also borrowed. For example, the word "autumn" is written as "?" The word "goose" is written as "?" , are changing positions. And such borrowing and exchange is also called "East reflects West".
Nineteen, increase or decrease refers to writing, according to the number of stippling in a certain part of the font, increase or decrease by itself. Because of the lack of strokes, such as the word "new" is "?" , the word "sword" is "?" , or saved because of more strokes, such as "Cao" is "?" What is the word "beauty"? . In order to make the writing situation beautiful, some calligraphers have changed their style in an ingenious way, regardless of ancient fonts.
Twenty, Fu Ying refers to some left and right combinations of words, which deliberately achieve the purpose of correspondence and proportion in structure. Less stippling, such as "Zhi, Xiao, Yi and Chuan" belongs to one category, while dense stippling, such as "Si, Qu, Fei and Ding" belongs to one category. That is, a picture is a picture and a pair.
Twenty-one, the words with single structural support and vertical support should be firmly supported when writing, in order to be powerful. For example, the words "money, summer, towel, tripod, jade, hand, gram, Sri Lanka, public, brave, jade, spear, ning, heng, pavilion, flower and grass" all belong to this category.
Twenty-two, North Korea, where two or more parts are combined, must look at each other and contact each other, and strive to avoid looseness. The most common forms are "Zou, Chen, Xiao, Yao, Qiong, Lou, Wan and Zhuan", and there are also "Xie, hoe, storage, Qing, point, comparison, worship and debate", which are quite similar to each other. This is the meaning of "welcoming and caring for each other" in calligraphy.
Twenty-three, save every time you write a book, the first pen falls off the paper, so you must think about how to deal with the second and third pens. If the previous pen is dead, the latter pen will be remedied immediately. That's what Eight Tactics says: "Intention comes first, writing direction comes later".
Twenty-four, Liv's figures should be close to each other, such as "shape, shadow, elevation, transcendence, drinking, smoothness, feeling and encouragement". Where there are radicals such as "Wen, Qian, Zhi", it is better to attach small ones, and attach more strokes.
Twenty-five, the back hug refers to the back to the front hook when writing, pay attention to the width and narrowness, too wide and too loose, too narrow and awkward. Embrace those who are left behind, such as "death, beggar, Iraq, residence",
Those who turn right, such as "gen, ghost, treasure, Xu, it" and so on.
Twenty-six, the packaging is fully enclosed or semi-enclosed. For example, "gardens, nurseries" and so on are all around. "Shang, Xiang" is the top package, "static and fierce"
In the next package, "Kui" and "Kuang" are said to be left and right, while "Xun Hungary" is left and right.
Twenty-seven, but it means that when writing, you should master the method of line breaking, pay attention to rules, avoid losing momentum, and be just right.
Twenty-eight, the stippling of words should be connected with each other, so that the strokes are interesting. Two points, such as "Xiao" and "Ba", should naturally be connected. Three-point "one", with the left point facing right, the middle point facing up and the right point facing left. The words "natural" and "hot" of four points correspond to two points on both sides, and the middle points are connected.
Twenty-nine, small books must be meticulous, and all strokes related to the whole word, even small ones, cannot be neglected. There are also small words, such as "door" and "big" is the next one. More is a small success, for example, the word "orphan" is only at the last, the word "ning" is also the last vertical hook, the word "owe" is a pull, and the word "ge" ends at one point.
Can determine the quality of the whole word, sometimes a word is related to the quality of the whole article.
30. The formation of small characters and large characters means that small characters and large characters have their own situations and characteristics, so the writing of the two types of characters is also different. Su Dongpo said; "Big characters are difficult to be dense and seamless, and small characters are difficult to be generous and redundant"; In other words, if the big words are written tightly and the small words are written generously, it will be perfect.
Thirty-one, small and big "Calligraphy" says: "Big characters promote small, small characters make big, and naturally wide and narrow." For example, the word "Japan" is so small that it is difficult to write it as big as the word "country". For example, the words "one" and "two" are the most sparse, and their strokes can't be the same as the dense horizontal paintings. It is necessary to consider the location and reflect each other to be the top grade. or
It is called "up small and down big, up big and down small" to make it commensurate in size.
32. Whether it is better to combine two or three words into one word or divide them into different writing forms (the so-called "beauty is detachable") mainly depends on whether they can be formed separately, that is, on the grounds of downloading. As for density, length and width, the same is true, depending on whether they are symmetrical and harmonious as a whole.
Thirty-three, small left and large right font structure, should be square, stable center of gravity. This section is about the defects of word formation. The left and right sides should be equal in size, which is convenient for people to write, so this section and the next section are all about the pathological nature of words.
Thirty-four, the font structure with high left and low right, short left and long right is characterized by correctness, solemnity and balance on all sides. Don't write high on the left and low on the right, which is called the shortcoming of "one shoulder to pick". Left short and right long, just like "eight tactics" means "don't be left short and right long"
Thirty-five, the study of Ou Yangxun's calligraphy style is prone to long and narrow characters, so the conclusion emphasizes neat posture and tight connection, and advocates orderly arrangement, which can become rigid. Sun's Book Score says that "secrecy is old-fashioned", which is also the price of being narrow-minded.
Thirty-six, the basic meaning of phase tube collar, is the tube, the front collar after collar. In order to take care of each other and achieve the structural law of not losing a word, the upper cover, the lower lift, and the left and right sides should also give way to each other (similarly, the meaning of mutual management can also be extended to the layout of the whole article, and the "rule of one word is divided into one word, and one word is the end" in the book spectrum is the reason).