(1) Wen Zhengming's calligraphy "Shu Lin Chronicle"
The original text was written by Wen Zhengming in the "Thousand Character Essay". He wrote ten copies a day, and the book developed greatly. Throughout my life, I have never been sloppy in writing, or answered people's simple notes, rarely paying attention, but I will never tire of changing them over and over again, so the older I get, the more sophisticated they become.
The translator Wen Zhengming supervised the writing of "Wenwen", and he wrote ten books every day as a standard, and his calligraphy improved rapidly. He has never been careless about writing in his life. Sometimes when someone replies to a letter and it's a little bit incomplete, I must rewrite it over and over again without fear of trouble. Therefore, his calligraphy became more exquisite and beautiful as he got older.
(2) Xue Tan Xueyue
The original text is that Xue Tan Xueyue was in Qin Qing. He did not exhaust the skills of Qin Qing, so he said that he had exhausted them, so he resigned and returned. Qin Qingfu stopped, walking on the outskirts of the road in farewell, Fujie's tragic song, the sound vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan wanted to rebel, but he never dared to return.
Translation: Xue Tan learned singing from Qin Qing. Before he finished learning Qin Qing's skills, he thought he had finished learning, so he left and went home. Qin Qing did not dissuade him and bid him farewell on the road outside the city. Qin Qing beat the beat and sang a sad song. The song vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back to continue studying. From then on, he never dared to say that he wanted to go home again.
(3) Fan Zhongyan aspires to the world
Original text Fan Zhongyan was orphaned at the age of two, and his family was poor and helpless. He rarely has great ambitions. He always takes the world as his own responsibility and studies hard. Sometimes he is lazy at night and often feeds his noodles with water. He has no food and eats porridge while reading. ‖Since he was an official, he always spoke generously about world affairs without caring about his own life. He was even slandered and demoted, and was relegated to Dengzhou as a political advisor. ‖Zhong Yan worked hard and worked hard, but his diet was not heavy on meat. His wife only had enough food and clothing. He often recited to himself: "A scholar should worry about the world's worries first, and rejoice after the world's happiness."
Translation: Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old, and his family was poor and helpless. He had lofty ambitions when he was young and often washed his head and face with cold water. I often couldn't even eat, so I ate porridge and kept studying. After becoming an official, he often talked about world affairs without caring about his own life. So much so that some people were demoted for speaking ill of him, and were demoted from being the governor of Dengzhou to being the governor of Dengzhou. Fan Zhongyan trained himself hard and did not eat much meat. He only provided for his wife and children's food and clothing by himself. He often recited two sentences from his works: "A scholar should worry before the world is worried, and be happy after the world is happy."
(4) Sima Guang's "Records of the Words and Deeds of Famous Officials of the Three Dynasties" by Sima Guang 》
Original text When Sima Wen Gong was young, he was not as good as others in asking for troubles. He lived in groups and gave lectures. After all the brothers had finished reciting, they stopped wandering around; Those who exert more force will achieve farther, and those who recite it carefully will never forget it throughout their lives. Duke Wen once said: "You can't fail to recite the book. You can gain a lot by chanting the text and thinking about its meaning while riding a horse or staying awake at night." Poems and books are not as good as others in their ability to prepare responses. Everyone studied and discussed together. The other brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest. (Sima Guangque) studied hard alone, as focused and hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius when they were studying, until they could recite skillfully. (Because) The more effort you put into reading now, the more lasting the rewards will be. The books he has read and recited intensively will be remembered throughout his life. Sima Guang once said: "You cannot read without memorizing. When riding a horse or walking, or when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you can recite the article you have read and think about its meaning, and you will gain a lot!"
(5) Ouyang Xiu studied "Ouyang Gong's Deeds"
The original text Ouyang Gong was orphaned at the age of four, and his family was poor and had no resources. The lady painted the ground with grass and taught calligraphy. Recite more ancient passages. When it was a little longer, and there were no books to read at home, people in Luli borrowed them to read, or copied them, so that they forgot to sleep and eat day and night, and only read. He has written poems and texts since he was a child, and he has written like an adult.
Translation: Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father passed away when he was four years old. His family was poor and had no money for him to study. The wife used reed stalks to draw pictures on the sand and taught him to write. He also taught him to recite many passages from ancient times. When he got older and there were no books to read at home, he would go to nearby scholars' homes to borrow books to read, and sometimes copy them. In this way, I worked day and night, forgetting to eat and sleep, just studying.
From his childhood poems and poems, his writing has reached an adult level, which is so high.
(6) Zhang Wuga diligently studied "Helin Jade Dew"
The original text Zhang Wuga was relegated to Hengpu and lived in Baojie Temple in the west of the city. His dormitory has a short window, and he holds a book under the window every day and reads in full view. This is fourteen years. Returning from the north, the traces of the double folds on the stone under the window are still visible.
Translation: Zhang Jiucheng was demoted to Hengpu and lived in Jie Temple in the west of the city. The room he lived in had a short window. Every day at dawn, he would always stand under the window with a book and read in the faint morning light. This has been going on for fourteen years. When he returned to the north, the traces of his feet were still faintly visible on the stone under the window.
(7) Wang Mian's monk reads "Collected Works of Scholars of the Song Dynasty" at night in the temple.
The original text is Wang Mianzhe, a native of Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered him to herd cattle on the mountain, sneak into the school building, and listen to the students reciting books. After listening, he memorized them silently. When he returned home in the evening, he forgot his cow, and his father was angry and bitten him. It's back to its original state. The mother said, "You are so crazy, why won't you listen to what you do?" Mian Yin left and lived in a monk's temple. At night, he went out and sat on the Buddha's lap, held the plan and illuminated the long-lit lamp, and read it, and it was so clear that the whole day was over. There are many earthen idols in the Buddha statues, they are ferocious and frightening, and they are as calm as if they don't know how to look at them.
Translation Wang Mian is from Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father asked him to herd cattle on the field. He secretly ran into the school to listen to the students reading. After listening to it, I always remember it silently. When he returned home in the evening, he forgot all about the cattle grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and beat Wang Mian. Afterwards, he was still like this. His mother said: "This child wants to study so much, why not let him do it?" Wang Mian therefore left home and stayed in a temple. As soon as night came, he would quietly come out and sit on the lap of the Buddha statue. He held a book in his hand and read under the light of the lantern in front of the Buddha statue. The sound of the book continued until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are made of clay, and their faces are ferocious and scary. Although Wang Mian was a child, his expression was calm, as if he had not seen anything.
(8) Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang (excerpt) by Song Lian
Original text Yu was fond of learning when he was young, and his family was poor, so he had no way to write books and make insights. The records will be returned in due course. It's very cold, the inkstone is hard, and the fingers cannot be bent or stretched, so don't be lazy. After recording, I went to see him off, not daring to exceed the appointment. Therefore, many people spend their spare time reading books, and I have to read all kinds of books.
Not only do I admire the way of sages and sages, but I also worry that there are no masters, famous people and travellers, so I try to travel hundreds of miles away to study the scriptures and ask questions from the pioneers in my hometown. The first Dade Long Wangzun, his disciples and disciples filled his room, and his words did not even drop. Yu Li waited on the left and right, asking questions and asking questions, leaning down to ask for help; or when he was yelling at someone, he would become more respectful and courteous, not daring to say a word; when he was pleased, he would ask again. Therefore, although I am stupid, I may have heard something.
Translation: When I was young, I loved reading. Because my family was poor and I couldn't buy books to read, I often borrowed them from people who collected books, copied them by hand, and calculated the time to return them on the agreed date. When the weather was cold, the inkstone formed solid ice and my fingers could not bend or stretch. I still insisted on copying and did not dare to be lazy at all. After copying, send it to others immediately, and never dare to exceed the agreed deadline. Therefore, others were willing to lend me books, so I was able to read many books.
When I reached adulthood, I envied moral and knowledgeable people even more, but I was afraid that there would be no masters or celebrities to enlighten me. I once ran hundreds of miles away and took scriptures to consult local moral and knowledgeable seniors. The ancestor was a highly respected person, and the room was packed with students, but his manner of speaking never showed any politeness. I (respectfully) stood and waited on my ancestors, asking him questions and asking questions. I bent down and listened intently to ask for advice. Sometimes when I was scolded, my attitude became more respectful and polite, and I did not dare to answer a word. ; Wait until he is happy and ask him questions. So even though I was very stupid, I still gained knowledge and increased my knowledge.
(9) Shi Kuang's Theory of Learning
Original text Duke Ping of Jin asked Yu Shi Kuang: "I am seventy years old and want to learn, but I am afraid it is already late.
Shi Kuang said: "Why not Bingzhu?" "Ping Gong said: "How can you be a minister and play with your king? Shi Kuang said: "How dare you, a blind minister, to play tricks on your king?" I heard this: When you are young, you are eager to learn, like the rising sun; when you are strong, you are eager to learn, like the light in the sun; when you are old, you are eager to learn, like the brightness of a candle. Which one is wrong? Duke Ping said, "How good!" "
Translation Duke Ping of Jin asked Shi Kuang and said: "I am already seventy years old and want to learn from the Lord, but I am afraid it is too late. Shi Kuang replied: "Why don't you light a candle?" Duke Ping said, "How can a minister joke with his monarch?" Shi Kuang said: "I am blind. How dare I tease the emperor?" I once heard: When I was young, I liked studying, just like the rising sun; when I was middle-aged, I liked studying, like the sun at noon; when I was old, I liked studying, which was as bright as lighting a candle. Which one is better to walk in darkness? Ping Gong said: "Well said!" "
(10) Cheng Menlixue's "History of the Song Dynasty"
Original text Yang Shi met Cheng Yi in Luo. Shi Gai was forty years old. One day he met Yi, and Yi even Sitting there in silence, Shi and You Yi could not leave. When Yi woke up, there was a foot of snow outside. Translation: Yang Shi went to Luoyang to see Cheng Yi. One day, Yang Shi was about to see Cheng Yi. Cheng Yi occasionally dozed while sitting. Yang Shi and You Ye stood outside the door and waited without leaving. When Cheng Yi woke up, the snow outside was already more than a foot thick.
(一一) The wall was cut. "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing" by Borrowing the Light
Original text Kuang Heng was diligent in studying and lighting a candle, but his neighbor had a candle and did not catch it. Heng used the wall to draw the light and read it in the light. The people in the city were illiterate and his family was rich. Heng was asked to write the book by his servant without asking for compensation. The master asked Heng strangely, and Heng said, "I would like to have the master's book read all over." "The master sighed and gave him books, so he became a university.
Translation: Kuang Heng was diligent and studious, but there was no candle lighting at home. The neighbor had a candle, but the light could not shine on his house, so Kuang Heng put it there A hole was cut in the wall to attract light from the neighbor's house, so that the light could shine on the books for reading. There was a wealthy man named Wen Bu Shi in his hometown, and he had many books at home, so Kuang Heng went to his house to do some reading. The owner was surprised and asked why he was doing this. He said, "I hope I can get your book and read it through." "The master sighed deeply after hearing this, and lent him the book to read. So Kuang Heng became a great scholar.
(12) Seven records of "History of Ming Dynasty·Biography of Zhang Pu"
Original text: Pu was eager to learn when he was young, and he would always write down the notes by hand. Once he had recited the notes, he would burn them and then note them again. This was the case when he held the tube in his right hand, and his palms became cocoons several times in the winter. , later named Duzhizhai: "Qilu"
Translation Zhang Pu has been fond of learning since he was a child. He must copy all the books he reads by himself. After copying and reciting them, he will burn them. He had to repeat this process six or seven times before stopping. The palm of his right hand had calluses due to frostbite. He had to wash his fingers in hot water several times a day. Later, he named the room where he studied. "Seven Records".
(13) Learning Yi
The original text Yiqiu is the best chess in the country. Let Yiqiu insult two people to play, and one of them concentrates on it, but Yiqiu does it. Listen, one person thinks that a swan is coming and shoots it with his bow, but he is not as smart as he is.
Translation: Yi Qiu is the best at playing chess. He is asked to teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrates on listening to Yi Qiu's teachings; while the other person is listening, but he is always thinking. He thought that a swan was coming and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. Although he was studying with the previous person, could it be said that his intelligence was not as good as that of the previous person?
(14) Li Sheng on Good Scholars
Original text Wang Sheng loves to learn but cannot learn. His friend Li Sheng asked: "Do you believe that you are not good at learning? Wang Sheng didn't say anything, but said: "I can understand everything that Master said. Isn't that why I am good at learning?" "Li Sheng said: "Confucius said, 'Learning without thinking will lead to nothing.' That is why learning requires good thinking. If you aspire to it but do not think about it, you will eventually achieve nothing. What do you mean by good learning? "Wang Sheng was so angry that he didn't respond and left.
After staying for five days, Li Sheng went to find Wang Sheng and told him: "A good scholar is not ashamed to ask, what should be wrong with a good person? The biggest taboo of a scholar is to be self-loathing, and why should he change it? Otherwise, he will be wasted in his years." "Although I want to change my mind, I'm afraid I can't do it." Wang Sheng was shocked and said, "I'm not aware of the goodness of your words today. Please sit down on your right and show your kindness."
Translation Wang Sheng loves learning but cannot learn the law. His friend Li Sheng asked him: "Some people say that you are not good at learning. Is it true?" Wang Sheng was unhappy and said: "I can remember everything the teacher said. Isn't this also good at learning?" Li Sheng advised him: "Confucius said, 'Study, but don't think, and you will feel confused.' The importance of learning is to be good at thinking. If you just remember the knowledge taught by the teacher, but don't think, you will definitely not achieve anything in the end." , On what basis do you say you are good at learning?" Wang Sheng became even more angry, ignored Li Sheng, turned around and ran away. Five days later, Li Sheng went to Wang Sheng and told him: "Those who are good at learning do not consider it a shame to ask for advice from people with lower status than themselves. They choose the best person and follow him, hoping to hear the truth!" Before I finished speaking, your expression changed and you almost refused to accept others. What is the (attitude) that people who are good at learning should have? The biggest taboo of people who learn is not to be satisfied with themselves. Why don't you correct it? If you don't correct it, you will waste time when you get older. Even if you want to correct yourself, it may be too late." After hearing what he said, Wang Sheng was shocked, woke up, and apologized: "I really do. I’m not smart, I just realized you were right today. I take your words as a motto to show clear warning.”
(15) Ask about “The Collected Works of Meng Tu”
Original text A gentleman must be willing to ask questions when learning. Asking and learning complement each other. Without learning, there will be no doubts. Without asking, there will be no broad knowledge. If you are eager to learn but not diligent in asking questions, you are not really a good scholar. The reason is clear, but it may not be enough to understand the matter. It is clear that it is big, but it may not be aware of its details. How can it be ridiculed without asking?
Translation A knowledgeable person must like to ask questions and ask others for advice. Asking and learning are complementary to each other. Without studying and studying, it is impossible to find problems, and without asking questions and asking for advice, you cannot expand your knowledge. Someone who just likes to learn but is unwilling to ask others for advice from time to time is not considered a person who truly loves to learn. Even if you understand the principle, you may not be able to apply it in practice. Even if you understand the main things, you may not understand its details. So besides asking others for advice, where can you deduce and solve it?