Aviation: At present, there are international and intra-provincial routes in Tibet. The routes from Lhasa to Chengdu, Lhasa to Beijing, Lhasa to Shanghai, Lhasa to Chongqing, and Lhasa to Kathmandu, Nepal, make it very convenient for tourists to enter and leave Tibet. Tibet Gongga Airport is located on the south of Lhasa 100 Expressway, and it takes about one and a half hours to get to the airport by car from the urban area. Gongga Airport can take off and land large passenger planes including Boeing 747, and is known as the highest modern airport in the world. Now the Bangda Airport in Qamdo is also successfully tested, which can be used for Boeing 757 to take off and land.
Highway into Tibet: The bus from Lhasa to Zhangmu Port mainly includes China-Nepal Highway (China to Nepal) and Friendship Bridge, with a total length of 736 kilometers; The Qinghai-Tibet Highway, from Golmud to Lhasa, has a total length of 1, 2 1.4 km and an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. Through the rolling Kunlun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain and Nyainqenggula Mountain, there are other highways such as Xinzang, Sichuan-Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet. At present, the Qinghai-Tibet Highway is the main route for domestic and foreign tourists to drive into Tibet.
Tibetan highway: trunk highway 15, branch highway 3 15, with a mileage of 22,000 kilometers. Four highways have been formed with Lhasa as the center, Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet, Xinjiang-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet and China-Nepal highways as the main lines, and Lhasa-Yadong, Heihe-Ali, Shigatse-Pulan and Heihe.
Muru Temple Sutra Printing Institute was established in 1980s, and it is the only Buddhist sutra printing factory in Tibet at present. The printing institute uses ancient block printing, and there are 320 Tibetan Buddhist scriptures with 654.38+0.28 million rectangular sections.
Muru Temple is located in the center of Lhasa. Believers from all over Tibet and Tibetan areas in Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan and Gansu often buy Tibetan scriptures here, and they only charge the cost price. According to reports, every printing plate is hard-won, and there is a set of complicated and strict operating procedures from material selection to printing. Select straight and scar-free wood, cut into 1 10 cm drawing board and book board with length and width of 66-70 cm and118cm respectively, with a thickness of 3 cm and a handle with length of 10 cm at the top. These embryonic plates are dried with slow fire, soaked in sheep dung for a winter, taken out and boiled in water, dried, planed and then carved. First, the engraved scriptures are repeatedly checked and proofread by Tibetan celebrities, and then the calligrapher directly records them in reverse on the embryonic version for engraving, or writes them on translucent paper and then sticks them on the embryonic version for engraving. In order to ensure that the lettering is profound and error-free, only a few words can be engraved every day, and it has been strictly examined many times before and after. Soak the corrected printing plate in ghee for one day, take it out and dry it to get the finished printing plate.
Due to its extreme devotion to religion, Muru Temple has made strict treatment for every working procedure. From the beginning, the printing in the hospital used a special kind of Tibetan paper, which is rich in fiber and poisonous at the grass roots. The paper is yellow in color, strong in water absorption and flexibility, insect-proof and rat-proof, and will not be bad after a long time. In terms of ink, all the important classics are printed with vermilion, and the rest are ordinary smoke ink smoked from top Song Yanmo or birch bark. In order to improve the quality of ink, viscous medicinal materials such as bergamot and rosin were added. Due to the development of modern technology, Tibetan printing and computer software are popular in the printing industry, but Muru Temple still adheres to the ancient tradition and maintains manual operation.