[Creation background]
In the first year of Yi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (405), Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and returned to the field, and wrote "Returning to the Ci". Tao Yuanming became an official at the age of 29 and has been an official for thirteen years. He has always hated officialdom and yearned for the countryside. At the age of 4 1 in the first year of Yixi, he made his last official career. After more than 80 days, he resigned and went home. I never came out to be an official again. According to Tao Qian Biography of Song Dynasty and Tao Yuanming Biography of Xiao Tong, Tao Yuanming retired out of dissatisfaction with decadent reality. At that time, the county tour visited Pengze, and officials asked him to greet him with a belt to show his respect. He said angrily, "I don't want to bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice!" " "On the same day, I hung up my crown and left my post. I gave the word" come home to Xi "to clarify my thoughts.
Yuan loves a free tomorrow, but at that time, the official atmosphere was extremely corrupt, flattering his superiors, arrogant and arrogant, running amok and sweeping the floor. An upright scholar had no place in the political society at that time, let alone realize his ideals and ambitions. After thirteen years of twists and turns, Yuanming finally realized this completely. The fundamental opposition between Yuan Ming's character and political society doomed his ultimate choice-seclusion.
[Appreciation of Works]
In the first year of Jin 'an (405), Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and returned to the field, and wrote "Returning to the Ci". This lyric poem is not only a sign of the turning point of Yuan Ming's life, but also the peak of his recluse consciousness in the history of China literature. The full text describes the author's situation on his way home and after his arrival, and envisages his future seclusion, thus expressing the author's dislike of officialdom and longing for rural life at that time. On the other hand, it also reveals the poet's negative thought of "being happy to know life".
Gui Xi Ci is a lyric poem in poetic style. The source of ci style is Chu ci, especially Li Sao. The realm of Songs of the South is a tragic realm of enthusiastic use of the world. The realm of "Gui Xi Ci" is the transcendental realm of retiring and avoiding the world. The traditional literati in China are educated by Confucianism, and their life ideal is to be active in the world. In the extremely dark historical era of politics, the ideals of literati cannot be realized, and even their lives are not guaranteed. At this time, abandoning the official and retiring is the real meaning. Its significance lies in refusing to cooperate with the dark forces and promoting the spirit of independence and freedom. Tao Yuanming was the first person to express this recluse consciousness truly, profoundly and comprehensively in his poems. This is the significance of "Back to Xi Ci" in the history of Ci and literature.
In the Song Dynasty, the word "Gui Xi" was rediscovered and recognized. Ouyang Xiu said: "Jin has no articles, only Tao Yuanming's" Restoring Words "." Song Yu said: "The return of Tao Gong is the swan song of the North and South." This paper comments on the important position of this poem in the history of literature. Li said: "Restored Words is from the heart, but there is no axe mark." Zhu said: "The meaning of his words is extensive and scattered. Although with the voice of Chu, there is no complaint. " (See Tao Shu's note for the quotation), pointing out the true, natural and harmonious style of this poem. These comments of Song people are in line with reality. (Deng Xiaojun)