Zhongshan
Zhongshan is located in the hinterland of Tianzhu Mountain. It is composed of mixed granite and divided by many canyons. The main peak of Tianzhu Mountain is the cliff environment of Tianzhu Peak. Altitude 1000 meters above sea level, with a specific height of 600 meters above sea level. Tianzhu Peak is the highest, with an altitude of1488.4m.. In the mixed granite that constitutes Zhongshan, horizontal, vertical and oblique joints are particularly developed, and their number and density are changeable. On the mountaintop and mountainside, the liquid and solid state of water change frequently at the joints, which makes the rock mass break and disintegrate continuously, forming a variety of stone statues.
Low mountain
The low mountain is located between 500 ~ 1000 meters above sea level, and the specific height is between 400 ~ 600 meters. The low mountain adjacent to Zhongshan is composed of mixed granite. The low mountains connected with hills in Hejiafan and Wudang areas in the south are composed of adamellite gneiss. Shilong, Tian Shu, Jiang Dan, Tian Wa and other peaks are as steep as Zhongshan. Stone statues are also distributed in this area. Pig head stone, mixed thunderbolt, flying goose stone, Kirin stone, Muyu stone, boat stone and other ingenious stones are numerous. Yujingshan, Wujiashan, etc. It is mainly composed of adamellite gneiss and biotite plagioclase gneiss. The mountain is gentle and the specific height is small. Generally, the ridge is wide, and the slope is less than 15. The hillside is not as steep as the short mountain mentioned above. Mostly below the slope of 20.
hills
The hills are mainly composed of adamellite gneiss and biotite plagioclase gneiss, with an altitude of less than 500 meters and a specific height of less than 200 meters. It is distributed in the marginal areas of Tianzhu Mountain, such as Yeren Village and Baishui Bay. It extends in the north-south direction and northeast direction. The cutting depth and density of the ground are weaker than those of the middle and low mountains. The terrain is gentle and the overvoltage is not great.
Basins and valleys
The pelvis is also called pelvis. The basins and valleys scattered all over Tianzhu Mountain are small in scale. Longtan valley is an erosion structure, which is distributed intermittently along Longtan River, and its widest point is only about 500 meters, and it is composed of gravel layer and sand layer. Zhongshan Basin is distributed at an altitude of 400-500m, 800m and 900-1000m. Due to several obvious pauses in the rising process of Tianzhu Mountain, the function of running water changed from undercutting to lateral erosion. Especially in areas where faults pass or joints are dense, rivers are eroded strongly, thus forming intermountain basins, such as Chafang Basin (400-500m). Mazuan basin (750-800 meters) and snake basin (900- 1000 meters).
mountain stream
Tianzhu Mountain is a long-term uplift area, and the whole stream is radial. Rivers all originate from the hollow between Tianzhu Peak, Feilai Peak, Yingzhen Peak, Shitian Peak, Man Peak, Sipo Peak, Tongluo Peak and Xiangu Peak in the uplift center, and rush around, flowing into diving and Anhui River respectively. The stream of Tianzhu Mountain belongs to diving, and it is a first-class and second-class tributary of Anhui. Its development is strictly controlled by fault structures and vertical joints. The Longtan section of the upper reaches of Anhui in the northeast of Rushan develops along the NW-SE fault; Feilai River and qinglong river at the head of Jiujing River in Shannan are developed along the north-south vertical joints. Muyang River, another tributary, mainly develops along NE-SW fault. The stream in the south of Shanxi, with its upstream flowing to the southwest and its downstream flowing to the north and south, is the result of adapting to the change of vertical joint group. The river in the north of the mountain is controlled by the Acorus calamus-Phellodendron amurense fault, and its flow direction is northeast. Its tributaries, limited by vertical joints, mostly flow in the north-south direction. In addition, the streams flowing out of Tianzhu Mountain area are affected by differential uplift and different lithology, and the longitudinal section of the valley is stepped. For example, the longitudinal section of Jiujing River can be divided into five obvious folds. Others, such as Hei Hu River and Linjia River, have obvious 3-4 folds in the longitudinal section. Tianzhu Mountain is covered with flowing springs, waterfalls and Longtan. Every spring tide and summer flood, silver practice flies all over the sky and the Milky Way hangs upside down. The cross section of the valley is characterized by deep valleys and valleys in the valley. sky pillar peak
Tianzhu peak, elevation1489.8m. It is difficult to climb the lonely peak, and it is known as "Five Mountains return without looking at the mountain, Huangshan returns without looking at the mountain, and Tianzhu returns without looking at the peak". When Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, passed by Susong Yangtze River, he saw Tianzhu Peak with such an inscription: "The Qifeng is strangely cloudy and beautiful. In the Qing Dynasty, Mount Wangong was absolutely satisfactory. Bai Juyi once lamented: "Tianzhu Yifeng holds the sun and the moon, and the door is locked with clouds and thunder." Song Zhuxi sighed: "The towering Tianzhu and the majestic Han and Wei caves." . Just say that Gan Kun is great, but who knows that he has made great contributions. Li geng of the Ming Dynasty also praised him and said, "The towering Tianzhu Peak is a sky watch that rises from the ground." . I was already in Pengdao before I was halfway there. With the crane empty, I walked around in smoke and clouds. There are strange mountains in the world, and some are as good as this one. "the slender sky
Under Tianzhu Peak, there is a crack between the other peak and the main peak, commonly known as Xiaotianmen, also known as "the first sight of Tianmu". The peak is only 10 meters high, just like a blooming flower, hence the name "Flower Peak". Looking up at the stone wall of Tianzhu Peak, the four characters of "indomitable spirit" are written in regular script. This was inscribed by Kuomintang general Liu Yichun in 29 years of the Republic of China. Du Xian bridge
Tianchi Peak, the second peak of Tianzhu Mountain, is slightly higher than Feilai Peak, with an altitude of 1426 meters. Tianchi Peak, divided into three parts, is connected by two thin stone strips, which is called "Crossing the Immortal Bridge". There is a saying: "People will cross the bridge when they come to it". Climbing to the top of Tianchi, you can see sunrise, sea of clouds, Buddha's light and sunset glow. Crossing the Transitional Xianqiao, a platform with an area of less than 10 square meter in Fiona Fang, and two stone pits in Taichung are called "Tianchi". The outer edge of Tianchi Terrace is a cliff, which is called Kaoxin Cliff. Try the heart cliff to enjoy the "Tianzhu Mountain Buddha Light" landscape. Mysterious valley
The mysterious valley south of Tianchi Peak is also called Siyuan (Xuan) Cave. This mysterious valley has many legends since ancient times. The mysterious valley stone consists of Dragon Palace, Maze and Xiaoyao Palace. It starts from the entrance of Longyin Tiger Cliff, passes through Wuzhi Peak, next to Feilai Peak, surrounds Mount Everest and reaches Du Xian Bridge, with a total length of more than 400 meters and a drop of 100 meters. Looking at the mysterious valley from the outside, a valley is just a pile of stones, and nearly a hundred caves are among the piles of stones. There are holes in the caves in the valley, and there are holes in the caves, some of which are connected and some are spaced. Taoism regards this place as a paradise, and Taoism calls it fourteen caves. Old records say that this cave is "spacious and spacious, and can hold more than 10,000 weapons, and there is a crystal rock under it, which leads directly to the sea." Later known as the chief official Kong. "Penglai Island
Penglai Island is located on the left side of Huafeng, with a beautiful and round peak. Penglai peak is1350m above sea level, facing Tianchi peak in the south and Tianzhu peak in the north. Penglai Peak is a single stone wall, with steep walls in the west, south and north, extending westward to an abyss of 100 meters. The peak is narrow and dangerous, with a longitudinal length of 100 meters and a width of only two or three meters. Stone steps and guardrails have been built so far. Li geng in the Ming Dynasty wrote a poem: "I am in Penglai before I reach the peak", so it is called Penglai Peak. The top of the mountain overlooks Yingshan in Hubei, Huoshan in Anhui and Jinzhai, and there is a scene of "Cangshan is like the sea and the sunset is like blood" mentioned in Mao Zedong's poem. Jiujinghe
The hair from the source of Jiujing River originates from the harem of Tianzhu Mountain and winds for more than ten kilometers. The "Nine Scenes and West Wind" composed of thousands of streams and springs is one of the ten sceneries of thousands of Yang. Jiujing West Wind blows into Gukou and Wild Village all year round, rain or shine. Especially in summer, the weather is hot again during the day, and the summer heat disappears when the west wind comes at night. Therefore, Taniguchi and Yezhai are also summer resorts. A Hu Dan.
The water surface area of Andan Lake is nearly 30,000 square meters, the storage capacity is 80,000 cubic meters, and the altitude is 1 100 meters. The water quality of this lake is very clear. Under the calm water surface of "Andan Lake", it was called "Yaoping" and "Upper alchemy" before the lake was built. Before the Han Dynasty, Ming Dow and Zuo Ci used to collect herbs for alchemy here, and now the name "Andan Lake" comes from this. The "alchemy room" where Zuo Ci lived and the "alchemy platform" where alchemy began are still there. In the "alchemy platform", the lion peak is on the left, the Qinglong is on the right, the peaks of climbing immortals and drumming are in the east, and the peaks of facing the corner, covering the basin and welcoming the truth are in the south. Tianzhu Qing Xue
Tianzhu sunny snow, commonly known as "six miles of snow." "Tianzhu Clear Snow" is located on the hill north of qinglong river in Tianzhu Mountain. Records record: "Here, surrounded by green hills, pine and cypress are luxuriant, and among the evergreen seasons, a sand mountain is exposed. All the year round, it seems to be covered with frozen snow, and the four seasons are like mountains and seas. " Li Kuang, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, praised in a poem: "It is always cold in May and June, and it will not snow for a thousand years." The cause of Tianzhu fine snow is related to the geology and landform here. "Snow Mountain" is composed of mixed granite with relatively low seasonal content and feldspar as the main component. Rocks are often wet, exposed to the cold at night, and the rock layers are gradually weathered and peeled off, gradually loosened into sand and accumulated into hills over time. klippe
Feilai Peak is located at the westernmost end of "Long Yin Hu Xiao Cliff", with an altitude of1.424m. The whole mountain peak consists of a whole boulder, with a stone about 3 feet long and more than 30 feet in circumference at the top, which seems to fall from the sky. The stone is called "Feilaishi", and the peak is named after the stone, just like a crown worn on the peak. On the stone wall to the west of Feilai Peak, patches with scales and spots similar to "Long Lin" have been formed due to the long-term erosion of spring water. Bao Yue Feng
To the south of Feilai Peak is Baoyue Peak. There are two antenna-shaped artful stones on the summit, with a square table-shaped slate in the middle, and the two artful stone statues lean back slightly. What a leisurely manner-"Two immortals are playing a game". From the east to the west, it looks like a crescent moon hanging in the blue sky-"Bao Yue", but from the southeast to the northwest, it becomes "Golden Rooster Singing Late", and further east, Tianfo Luo Feng, Dan Sha Feng and Dan Sha Feng. Tianzhu song
A tall pine tree stands between the cliffs on one side of Tianchi Peak. Depending on the cliff, this pine tree is only 5 meters high and 80 centimeters thick, but according to the survey, it has a history of 1500 years. The main attractions of Mazu Temple Mazu Temple are Mazu Temple, Bugu Temple, Thunderbolt Stone, Bajie chanting, Tian Shu Peak, Tianwa Peak and Zhutou Stone. Xiangzi Peak, Pingfeng Peak and Shilong Peak are ranked first, while Tianmen Peak, Tianwa Peak and Danfeng Peak are behind. There is Mazu Cave in front of Mazu Tempel, which is said to be the resting place of Taoist Mazu, and there are deep springs in the cave. Out of the hole, go to Kaminooji, and there is a pillar-like stone on the right, with the inscription "Nantianyizhu" by the Kuomintang warlord Yang Sen in Sichuan. Further to the right is Lotus Cave (also known as Fontaine), which is said to be the place where Zuo Ci, an alchemist of the Han Dynasty, practiced alchemy. There is a big stone next to it, covering an area of one mu, commonly known as "Leishi". Li Yunlin, a native of the Qing Dynasty, was engraved with the words "clouds and smoke". To the south of Mazu 'an is the snow waterfall cliff. Bugu Temple was once a cave where a Zen master practiced meditation on Mazu Road in the Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, local villagers built a temple on the spot, which was known as Mazu Tempel. Stone carving culture
"There are no mountains or stone carvings, they are all famous mountains." Tianzhu Mountain attracts poets, scholars and dignitaries with its unique charm. From Shi Niu Ancient Cave to Mazu Temple, from Hutou Cliff to Tianzhu Top, from Jiujing River to Nantianmen, there are inscriptions by ancient sages everywhere. Among them, the valley of Shi Niu Ancient Cave and the cliff carvings of Liuquan have been listed as national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council because of their age.
On the stone wall less than 300 meters long, there are more than 300 stone carvings from Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China and modern times. Poetry, ci, prose, painting and fu have different forms, including lines, cursive script, official script, regular script and seal script. Among them, the most precious are the original works of Wang Anshi, a generation reformer, and Huang Tingjian, one of the calligraphy Song Sijia. Religious culture
Tianzhu Mountain is a "paradise" for Buddhism and Taoism. Taoism lists it as the 14th of the 36 caves in China and calls it one of the five major towns. Thousands of deposits are rich in religious culture. Taoism has taken root here since the Eastern Han Dynasty alchemist Zuo Ci gave a lecture here. During the period of Liang Xiao, Jinling monk Baozhi came here to preach and fought with the alchemist Baihe Taoist, and the result was equally divided. So far, Tianzhu Mountain has become a holy place for Buddhism and Taoism. During the heyday of Tang and Song Dynasties, there were more than 100 temples. The representative buildings of Buddhism are Sanzu Temple, Beidou Temple and Taiping Tower. Sanzu Temple was listed as one of the key temples in the Han area 142 by the State Council in 1982. It was originally named "Valley Temple" by Xiao Yan, Liang Wudi, and named "Sanzu Temple" because Sanzu Monks of Zen Buddhism were stationed here. Tang Suzong, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was renamed "Gan Yuan" when he acceded to the throne, that is, he was given the name "Sanzu Valley Gan Yuan" in the first year of Gan Yuan. Jueji Pagoda in the temple was built in Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty, and it is a three-ancestor stupa, as well as the "three-ancestor dressing cave" built in Tang Dynasty and the "Moweiquan" built in Song Dynasty. Historical culture (ancient Anhui culture)
The historical relics in the scenic spot can be traced back to the ancient Anhui culture more than 5,000 years ago, represented by the "Xuejiagang Cultural Site". Xuejiagang Cultural Site is located in Wanghe Town, Qianshan County, with an excavation area of more than 2,000 square meters and more than 2,000 unearthed cultural relics. There are three kinds of unearthed cultural relics: stone tools, pottery and jade. The production tools are mainly stone tools, among which 13 hole stone knife is first discovered in China, and the daily utensils are mainly pottery. These artifacts are mainly Neolithic artifacts, but also a small number of relics from Shang Dynasty and Tang and Song Dynasties, which represent a Neolithic culture and provide very precious cultural relics for studying human life and production activities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Neolithic period and their relationship with various cultures in the Yellow River basin. Celebrity culture
Celebrities in Tianzhu Mountain can be traced back to Yue Feng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, as well as the remains of "Sacrificing Yuetai" and "Jingjia Bridge" left by Yuewu in the Han Dynasty. After the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi turned his attention to southern Xinjiang and moved Nanyue to Hengshan, Hunan. However, Tianzhu Mountain attracted many literati and dignitaries to visit her Zhong Ling. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai took a look at Tianzhu Mountain on the river, chanting, "The strange peak is strangely cloudy, and the water is beautiful and delicate", and said, "I will return here when I return to Dancheng." When Wang Anshi was a judge in Zhou Shu's buried hill, he took a fire to visit the ancient cave of Shi Niu at night, and wrote a poem: "The water turns unintentionally, and the mountains are surrounded. Poor and inexhaustible, sitting on the stone and forgetting to return. " Huang Tingjian studied in an ancient cave in Shi Niu, calling himself a Taoist in the valley and insisting on "My Buried Hill". There is Wang Fan, an astronomer and mathematician in the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Song, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, Wang Jue, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, Li, who is good at drawing horses, and the originator of Peking Opera, Zhang Hui's novel Zhang Henshui, and the modern acrobatic queen. Military historical record
The geographical location of Tianzhu Mountain is very important, and it has always been a battleground for military strategists. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Yuan, commander of the militia, set up a stronghold in Xiguan, repeatedly defeated the Yuan army and persisted in fighting for 18 years. Chen Yucheng, a young general of Taiping Army, led his troops to a stalemate with the Qing soldiers in Tianzhu Mountain area for many years. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, guerrillas led by the * * * Production Party were active in Tianzhu Mountain area. Liu Yuan, a Qian Shan native who lived in the first year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1265), was ordered by the local generals to organize anti-Yuan militia to deal with the Tianzhu Mountain stronghold. In the first month of the first year of Emperor Deyou of the Han Dynasty (1275), the Yuan Dynasty led troops to attack Manyuan Mountain and Buried Hill. Soldiers passed Anqing House, and the Song magistrate Fan returned to Yuan, and since then, Anxian County has been ruled by Yuan. In November of the following year, all parts of Shu, Huang and Qi successively rose up to resume the Song Dynasty, and Tianzhu Mountain raised the anti-Yuan banner. For three years in a row, he fought the Yuan Army and those who took refuge in Mongolia 100 times. In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), Liu Yuan, a volunteer soldier, was defeated by Yuan general An Jie and died in Tianzhu Mountain.