He, "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "Dan also comes from people and can be pronounced." "Dan" means "eaves", which means eaves. He, as a surname, originated from a mispronunciation of "Han". Therefore, Han Jue was not only the ancestor of the Han surname, but also the first ancestor of the He surname. If the current people with the surname Han and He were combined, they would rank among the top five in the country.
? Chapter 1? The ups and downs of the tragic origin of the surname He
The word "He" has nothing to do with the surname
Since ancient times, in the vast sea of ??calligraphy books and dictionaries In books, calligraphy works and other classics, there are no less than 20 ways of writing the word "He", and there are dozens of meanings. However, at least in the classics before the Han Dynasty, there is no record that "He" is a surname. Oracle bone inscriptions are the oldest writing in our country. The writing of the word "He" is like a man carrying a gun on his shoulders. In the works of pre-Qin scholars, the word "He" also appears frequently in front of readers. According to the quotations from scholars published by Zhonghua Book Company before liberation, the word "He" appears dozens of times in the works of four pre-Qin scholars alone: ??The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, Mozi, and Laozi. But not once, not a single meaning is related to the surname. "Shuowen Jiezi" by Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty is an authoritative calligraphy book that has influenced today and is the source of Chinese dictionaries. It explains the word "He" in oracle bone inscriptions as follows: "He means Dan. It comes from people and can be pronounced." The word "Dan" here is connected with the later word "eaves", and is now simplified to "dan". Therefore, the original meaning of the word "He" should be "load", "burden", "carrying load", which naturally has nothing to do with the surname. So how did ''He'' become a surname?
''Han'' and ''He'' were originally one family
? The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of my country's feudal society. It not only had a prosperous social economy, but also a splendid society. The culture of the times, otherwise how could it be nicknamed "the Tang Dynasty Empire" and "the prosperous Tang Dynasty"? The Tang Dynasty was an era of cultural prosperity and the emergence of talents in large numbers. If we compare this situation of abundant talents to stars, then He Jian, a Jinshi in Hunan Daozhou in the Tang Dynasty, is one of the bright new stars. In ancient my country, the difficulty of "scientific examinations" was due to the fact that ancestors and grandchildren were present and ranked together, or there was even a saying of "old age and death in the examination hall". And this He Jian was awarded the Jinshi in his twenties. He was good at poetry and prose, as talented as Chunhua. He made great achievements in the literary world at a young age and became very famous. The great writer Han Yu admired He Jian very much. When he wrote the preface to his poems and prose works, he wrote that "He and Han have the same surname". He was full of enthusiasm and accepted He Jian as his disciple without love, so as to " Comrade "look at it." He and Han originally had the same surname. Not only did Han Yu say this, but it was also the common knowledge among scholars who had surname books and surnames after the Tang Dynasty. "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames" by Lin Bao of the Tang Dynasty, "Tongzhi·Clan Brief" and "Guangyun", "Clan Encyclopedia", "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books" by Zheng Jiao of the Song Dynasty, "Tongpu of Wanxing" and "Clan History" of the Ming Dynasty "Bo Kao" and "Surname Zhi (xī)", as well as the four school records of "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" written by recent scholars Cen Zhongmian and Sun Wang, all record that "the He family is the Han family" and He Han is the same family. In history, there were many people with the surname He named "He Han", "He Zonghan", and "He Jinghan". "He" and "Han" are clearly two surnames and two characters. How did they become one family? What is the relationship between the two? Where is the origin of the surname He? To answer these questions, we must trace our roots back to our ancestors with the surname Han. Sima Qian recorded in "Historical Records: The Han Family" that the ancestors with the Han surname came from the Western Zhou royal family and the Ji surname. If we continue to dig deeper and trace their origins, we can see that the Zhou royal family belongs to the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and many genealogies of the He family also belong to the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. It is to trace their ancestors to the Yellow Emperor. This is the traditional virtue of our Chinese nation and descendants of China. It is the source of our national cohesion and centripetal force. Specifically, one of the younger brothers of King Cheng of the Western Zhou Dynasty was named Tang Shuyu, and one of his descendants was enfeoffed in Hanyuan (now north of Fenshui, Shanxi Province, in the area of ??Hejin and Jishan). It is said that he was asked to serve the Jin State. . This person is known as "Han Wuzi" in the world, and his name is Han Wan. In fact, his surname is not Han. The reason why he is called Han is because of the name of his fiefdom. The surname Han came about when Han Wuzi was the third generation descendant. Han Wuzi's third grandson was named Han Jue. According to the canonization of the Zhou Dynasty, he and his descendants have the real Han surname since Jue. Therefore, Han Jue should be the ancestor of the Han surname and the first person of the He family in the world.
? After Han Jue, his power grew stronger day by day.
In the eleventh year of Jin Jinggong's reign (589 BC), Han Jue and another Jin minister, Marshal Choke, defeated Qi, which established Han's political status. In the seventeenth year of Jin Chugong's reign (458 BC), he and the Zhao, Wei, and Zhi clans destroyed the Fan and Zhongxing clans. In the 22nd year of Jin Chugong (453 BC), Han joined forces with Wei and Zhao, defeated the Zhi clan, and divided the territory into three parts. At this time, Han's power had reached its peak, and together with Zhao and Wei, Han formed This led to the situation of "three families being divided into Jin". In the thirteenth year of Jin Liegong, that is, the sixth year of Han Jinghou (403 BC), an epoch-making change occurred in Korean history. In this year, Han, Zhao and Wei jointly divided the Jin Kingdom. When Jin Youhou was in Jin Dynasty, the Jin Hou rebelled against the kings of the three families. In 375 BC, it was already the reign of Aihou, the tenth generation descendant of Han Jue. In the second year of Aihou, because Zheng relied on Wei and underestimated Han, South Korea destroyed Zheng in one fell swoop. Zheng closed the country in 806 BC. This ended a history of more than 430 years.
? In 230 BC, which was the ninth year of the reign of King An of Han, Korea's internal and external environment experienced a series of changes, including the dispute between Yan Zhongzi and Xiang Guoxia tired. The enmity between powerful people led to internal strife and turmoil in Nie Zheng's assassination. Externally, the Qin State became increasingly powerful through reforms and reforms. It continued to siege cities and territories and attack neighboring countries. South Korea's situation became increasingly worse. It was also in this year that Qin sent Nei Shi Teng to attack Han on a large scale. Wang An of Han was captured and South Korea was destroyed. South Korea's territory was naturally included in Qin's territory.
However, it was the unification of Qin and the demise of Han that provided a historical opportunity for the birth of the surname "He". After the fall of Korea, the sons, princes, and grandsons, either to avoid vendettas and wars, or to feel ashamed of the humiliation of the country's subjugation, or to be determined to regroup, revive the country, and build a new foundation, wandered around and broke up with each other. Most of the descendants of the Han family were scattered throughout the Yangtze River and Huaihe Rivers. .
? Because "Han" and "He" are homophones, coupled with the pronunciation changes in ancient places, with the changes in history and the development of society, over time and the passage of time, people gradually read "Han" It became "He".
? In this way, the surname "He" was born in the difficult years of wandering after the international political disaster that destroyed the family!
? Therefore, in the preface, Han Yu claimed that "Han He has the same surname". In the surname books of the past dynasties, the origin of the surname "He" has been classified as "yinyu", and it is not surprising that it is called "Han's surname" until today. His "Cymology" and "Dictionary of Surnames", "New Collection of Hundred Family Surnames", "Origins of Chinese Surnames", "Where Do Your Surnames Come from" and other books also all use this statement, which is no different from the direct recording. Therefore, Han Yu calls himself "Han He" in the preface. "With the same surname", surname books of all dynasties have classified the origin of the surname "He" into the category of "yinyinyu", and it is not surprising that it is called "Han's surname". Until today's "Ciyuan" and "Surname Dictionary" , "New Collection of Hundred Family Surnames", "Origins of Chinese Surnames", "Where Do Your Surnames Come from" and other books also make this statement, which is no different from the direct records
The orphan of the Zhao family is the same as the surname He Shizhen
p>? He and Han have the same origin, so the two surnames He and Han are naturally one family. So Han Jue, who was once one of the six ministers of the Jin Dynasty and was first given the surname of Emperor Zhou, is naturally the well-deserved ancestor of the surname He.
? Yuan Dynasty playwright Ji Junxiang has a famous drama called "The Revenge of the Zhao Orphans", also known as the Revenge of the Zhao Orphans, which is based on the historical story of the Jin Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, During the Han Jue era, he personally experienced a historical event that had a profound impact on the Jin Dynasty. The powerful minister Tu Anjia of the Jin Dynasty massacred Zhao Dun's family and hunted down the Zhao family orphans Zhao Wu, Zhao family disciples Cheng Ying and Gongsun Chujiu. The plot of rescuing the baby Zhao Wu and being raised by Cheng Ying to avenge the Zhao family is also based on this story. ? Anyone who knows the story of the "Zhao Orphans" is deeply impressed by Cheng Ying and Gongsun Chujiu's righteous deeds of risking their own lives to save people in danger. They also have to go through all kinds of hardships and dangers for the Zhao family orphans and finally survive. Growing up, taking revenge, and reviving the family reputation, and feeling happy and satisfied with the happy ending. Evil will have evil consequences, and good will be rewarded with good. This is a special psychology of pursuing good and beauty formed by our people under the special cultural background of feudal society. Accumulation, so it is also a special psychological accumulation of goodness and beauty that is the foundation of our country's traditional drama. Therefore, it is also one of the basic programs of our country's traditional drama.
In fact, in this real historical event in which justice defeated evil and good people were finally rewarded, Han Jue, the ancestor of Han and He, played a major role. He made great contributions, but the artistic plot of the drama concealed the historical reality. The appearance only prevents future generations from knowing the truth.
In the third year of Duke Jinggong of Jin (597 BC), Tu'anjia, the secretary of Jin State, planned a rebellion to seize power. Under the guise of his name, he said that he would kill Zhao Dun, the traitor of Duke Linggong of Jin, because Zhao Dun was the murderer. The mastermind of the case that killed Jin Linggong. This is Tu Anjia's excuse and excuse. Duke Linggong of Jin was killed ten years ago in the 14th year of Duke Linggong (607 BC). Jin Linggong was a violent and extravagant man who killed innocent people indiscriminately. Jin Qing Zhao Dun repeatedly tried to stop him, but Jin Linggong was disgusted and hated him and tried many times to kill him. Zhao Dun had no choice but to flee to other places, but he considered his duties and did not leave Jin. In September of that year, Zhao Dun's brother Zhao Chuan, who was a general, killed Duke Linggong of Jin in Taoyuan in a rage and welcomed Zhao Dun back. Zhao Dun was a noble character, always respected by others, and won the support of the people. He soon restored his status as the chief minister. However, Dong Hu, the Taishi of the Jin State at that time, who had an orthodox idea of ??monarch and minister, wrote in the history book that "Zhao Dun killed his monarch." Of course, Zhao Dun was wronged. He argued: "The one who killed the monarch was Zhao Chuan. Why?" Can it be my fault?" Dong Hu retorted: "You are the chief minister of the country. You did not leave the country when you fled, and you did not clear up the chaos when you returned to the court. Who else could kill the king if not you?" Let today's people What's funny is that when Confucius heard about this incident, he actually said something specious but not ambiguous: "Dong Hu is really a good historian since ancient times. The method of recording history does not conceal Zhao Dun's sins; Zhao Dun is also a good minister who betrays the law in order to abide by the law." Notorious, what a pity; if he had fled abroad at that time, he would not have been exempted from the crime of regicide! "This is how Sima Qian recorded in "Historical Records" how Duke Ling of Jin was killed and Zhao Dun was wronged. As an excuse to settle old accounts, the purpose was to clear the way for him to seize power. At this time, Zhao Dun was dead, and his son Zhao Shuo was a general of the Jin Dynasty. Tu'an Gua also punished others because the descendants of the first regicide were in the government and hindered their governance. On the grounds of being a sinner, Han Jue swung the butcher's knife at Zhao Shuo.
Han Jue was driven by justice and firmly opposed Tu Anjia's insidious intentions and bad behavior of killing innocent people indiscriminately. He spoke uprightly regardless of his humble position. , tried his best to prevent Tu'anjia's conspiracy from succeeding, but Tu'anjia was stubborn and insisted on going his own way, refusing to take the good intentions of others into consideration, so Han Jue risked his life to reveal the news to Zhao Shuo, and advised him to flee immediately to avoid danger. Unexpectedly, Zhao Shuo had the legacy of his father and refused to escape, vowing to die for the country to quell the national calamity. Han Jue lived up to Zhao Shuo's wish to entrust his son, and together with Cheng Ying and Gongsun Chujiu, they risked their lives to annihilate their clan. Due to misfortune, the Zhao family's orphans were hid, so that the Zhao family could save their heirs after the family was wiped out.
Fourteen years later, in 583 BC, Jin Jinggong fell seriously ill and died. Han Jue took the opportunity to talk about the contributions of Zhao Dun and Zhao Shuo to the Jin Dynasty, and lamented the regret that the descendants of the Zhao family could not continue their family lineage. , hoping to influence Jin Jinggong to clear up the injustice of the Zhao family. The incident has become a relic of history. As time goes by, Jin Jinggong gradually becomes indifferent to his hatred of Zhao Dun. When it was revealed to him that Zhao Dun's grandson, Zhao Shuo's orphan Zhao Wushang, was still alive, Jin Jinggong showed great compassion and returned the Zhao family's original Tianyi property to Zhao Wu, allowing him to continue the Zhao family's legacy. p>
It can be seen that the Zhao family has received support and care from Han Jue, who is selfless, fearless, wise and courageous, just, kind and beautiful from beginning to end. This is not only important to the Zhao orphans, the Zhao family, but also to the development of the history of Jin. Meaning. This was highly praised by the great historian Sima Qian: "Han Jue understood Jin Jinggong and continued the Zhao family to accomplish the righteous deeds of Cheng Ying and Gongsun Chujiu. This is a great kindness and virtue that is famous all over the world. The Han family No one has made such a greater contribution to the state of Jin. "There is no question, this is naturally the Jiadeyi behavior of the ancestors of Han and He who can be the most proud of.
Han Jue and the revitalization of South Korea
? Han Jue's actions The ancestors of the surnames Han and He fought hard for the rise and revitalization of South Korea in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods. He was responsible for opening up the mountains and forests.
Han Jue was a very political and political person. A man of military ability.
In the eleventh year of Jin Jinggong (589 BC), the Qi army attacked the northern border of Lu and captured the place of Long (or Zuolong, who overcame thorns and thorns and pioneered and struggled. He had the ability to open up mountains and forests and clear roads.
? Han Jue was a man of great political and military ability. In the eleventh year of Jin Jinggong (589 BC), the Qi army attacked the northern border of Lu and captured the place of Long (or Zuolong). Long (southeast of today's Tai'an, Shandong), and continued southward to attack Chaoqiu. Out of consideration for the interests of the Communist Party, Wei State did not want to see its neighboring country become a piece of meat on the Qi State's table, so he sent Sun Liangfu and others. Shi Ji, Ning Xiang, and Xiang Qinshuai attacked Qi, thinking that there was a fire in Qi's backyard, so they would return to save themselves, so that they could achieve the purpose of aiding Lu. Unexpectedly, they were defeated by Xin before they even left the country. Zhu (now south of Wei County, Hebei Province).
Lu and Wei were in trouble and asked Jin for help. Jin Jinggong sent Han Jue and another Jin minister Choke to lead 800 military chariots. The divisions of Lu and Wei fought with the Qi army in An (today's northwest of Jinan City, Shandong Province). The battle was extremely cruel. The soldiers of the Qi army went straight to the Jin army's position, but Ke Ke was wounded by an arrow, and his blood flowed all the way to his feet. Due to the good command of Han Jue and Chuke and the bravery of the soldiers, the Qi army was defeated. The Jin army took advantage of the victory and pursued it all the way to the Qiuyu and Maxing areas of Qi State (now south of Zibo, Shandong Province), and asked Qi State to make peace. They promised to return the land they had taken away. The victory of this battle made Han Jue powerful and famous everywhere. Even the kings of Jin did not dare to underestimate him. From then on, Han Jue and the Zhi family, the Zhao family, the Wei family, The Fan family and the Zhonghang family together became one of the six ministers of Jin, known as "Han Xianzi". Since then, South Korea's power has become increasingly powerful, and together with Zhao Wei, they have divided up the Yangyu family, Qi Ying family, Fan family, and Zhonghang family. By the time of Han Jinghou, the seventh descendant of Han Jue, the emperor of Zhou finally recognized the status and status of the three vassal states of Han, Zhao and Wei.
377 BC. In 1999, South Korea, Zhao and Wei divided up the Jin State. In the second year (376 BC), Han destroyed the Zheng State and moved the capital to Zheng's capital. Its territory spanned today's Shanxi and Henan. The vast area has gradually joined the ranks of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period.
Han and He Yuyuan have different identifications of the ancestors of the He surname.
The reason why we believe that Han Jue is the ancestor of the He surname is because. Sima Qian's ancestral lineage was clear, and it was clearly stated from the beginning in "Historical Records: The Han Family": Starting from Han Jue, the surname was Han; secondly, because the surname He gradually acquired the surname after the fall of Korea, and the revitalization and development of Korea, Han Jue The contribution of the founder is indelible.
Despite this, we have no sufficient reason to deny the different identifications of the ancestors of the He family. Moreover, there are many issues that are not easy to explain. . If we go in chronological order, the different versions of "the ancestor with the surname He" are as follows:
1. Marquis He in the era of Emperor Yao
According to legend, Marquis He was one of the Five Emperors. A man from the time of Emperor Yao lived in seclusion in Cangwu Mountain. Because he yearned for immortality, Emperor Yao gave him a dose of elixir and asked him to put it into wine. More than 300 people in the family drank it all, and the remaining medicinal wine was Sprinkled on the houses in the courtyard, suddenly the whole house rises from the ground and slowly rises into the clouds. The He family, both men and women, young and old, enter the fairyland. He Hou became the Immortal Hou of Tai Chi. It should be said that this is the earliest record of He's ancestors. From the Song Dynasty surname book.
2. Han Hou, son of King Wu of Zhou
"Zuo Zhuan" says "Han, Jin, Ying, Han, and Wu Zhimu", and the "Han" in it is also the son of Prince Wu of Zhou. one. Therefore, "The Book of Songs" also contains "The Marquis of Han came out of his ancestors". Sima Zhen, who compiled the index for "Historical Records" in the Tang Dynasty, believed that "the Han Dynasty was destroyed first".
3. Han Wan, the son of Han Wu
Sima Qian clearly recorded in "The Family of Han" that the ancestors of Han had the same surname as the King of Zhou, Ji, and their descendants served the Jin State and "got the title In Hanyuan (southwest of today's Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province), he was called Han Wuzi". Han Wu's son's name was Han Wan. Therefore, Han Wan should be the ancestor of the He surname.
4. Han Yan in the later period of Korea
? Yan is pronounced as jiān, a beautiful stone like jade, or a kind of jade. In traditional Chinese culture, there is a custom of admiring and wearing jade. Jade has a gentle and elegant character and is a symbol of ancient scholar-bureaucrats. Therefore, many people in ancient times used names related to jade. This Han Yan is no exception.
"Shui Mu Ji" of Zhenyang has the following content: He Shi's first ancestor was named Yao. During the period of King An of Han in the later period of Korea, Yao was appointed as a public official because of his noble moral character and talent. He once took charge of the state affairs together with Han Fei. Because he was inconsistent with An on his attitude towards Qin, he had to retreat to Han Yuan. King An of Han was kidnapped by the Qin Dynasty, and his country was ruined and his family was destroyed. He and his wife lived in the Lujiang River and made a living by boating. Later, Qin Shihuang traveled to Bolangsha and was attacked and arrested without success. Suspecting that it was the son of the Six Kingdoms, he issued an order to the whole country and secretly visited the Six Kingdoms in order to eliminate the root cause and eliminate future troubles. Qin officials spread all over the world, closely monitoring the surnames of residents. One day, an official boarded Han Yao's boat and asked about his surname. It was a cold day. Han Yao pointed to the water and jokingly called "this is my surname". He meant that the cold water was a metaphor for Han. Han and Han are the same pronunciation, and there is no hidden meaning. Unaware, he thought it meant "河" as his surname, so he answered casually, and the investigators believed him to be true. Later, he learned that he was investigating for Qin Ling, and was horrified. The difficulty of the ax was given by the word He, so he took the surname He." Han Yao then settled in Lujiang, where he worked hard and studied hard, and his family prospered.
? Why was Han Yao named the ancestor? His explanation is conclusive: "Yang Gong and Jiang Hei both lived to be a hundred years old. After their death, they were buried in Wanghuaigang, Dongxiang, Lujiang. It was also called He Fenggang, and it still existed in the Song Dynasty. "Dr. Li Guang, a great Confucian during the Chongning period of the Song Dynasty, passed by Hefenggang and wrote a poem to commemorate it:
The grass on Hefenggang is so green that the dust on the border of the Seven Kingdoms is still shocking.
Ji Yi did not respond to the ashes and burned the fire, while Lu Maggot's strange misunderstanding was the ice.
The Sichuan boats have been used by travelers for hundreds of generations, and the beautiful watch has returned to the crane for thousands of years.
The loam did not change with Hangu, and Lishan disciples spontaneously worshiped the mausoleum.
? The Ming Dynasty scholars also wrote poems in "Bu Qu Lu Ji" to prove it:
The boat travels to Xiuxijin, and the word "absurd" has escaped the Qin Dynasty.
People who stir up trouble in Taoyuan are even more clumsy, so why should the whole family be separated from each other?
? This theory is obviously an echo of the theory that the origin of the He family name is "Han He". However, this legend is not only widely circulated among people with the surname He in the south, but also is believed by the majority of the He clan in the north. With self-respect, they pass on from generation to generation the origin of their surname and family history that is enough to awe future generations. This also shows the reliability and credibility of "Han He Yuanyuan". As for whether Han Yao was the ancestor of the surname, it is appropriate to discuss it here.
The origins of the He surname cannot be ignored
? The origin and formation of Chinese surnames are complex and varied, and they can be summed up in more than ten main categories: Names of places of residence Those with surnames derived from their ancestors' names or characters, such as Huangfu, Gao, Gong, Shi, etc.; those who followed ancient surnames, such as Ji, Ren, Wu, Feng, Jiang, etc.; some people get their surnames in the order of brothers' eldest and youngest. Such as Meng, Bo, Zhong, Shu, Ji, etc.; some have surnames derived from official names, such as Cang, Zheng, Wei, Ximen, Dongkuo, etc.; surnames derived from ancestors' names or characters, such as Huangfu, Gao, Gong, Shi etc.; some follow the ancient surnames, such as Ji, Ren, Wu, Feng, Jiang, etc.; some get their surnames in the order of brothers' eldest and youngest. Such as Meng, Bo, Zhong, Shu, Ji, etc.; some have surnames derived from their official positions, such as Cang, Yu, Situ, Sima, Sikou, etc.; some have surnames derived from professional skills, such as Wu, Tu, You, Bu, etc. There are people whose surnames are based on the posthumous names of their ancestors, such as Dai, Zhao, Huan, and Xuan. There are also some more special origins of surnames, such as the great fusion of ethnic groups in ancient times. Some ethnic minorities borrowed Han surnames, and some Han people used ethnic minority surnames. The most famous one is the restructuring by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Like their language, the surnames of the Xianbei people are multi-suffixed. In order to implement the Sinicization policy and fully accept the advanced Central Plains culture, Emperor Xiaowen ordered that all the 118 compound surnames of the Xianbei people be changed to single surnames with Chinese characters. Even the nine surnames of the royal family were no exception and were also changed to a single surname. For example, the Tuoba family changed their surname to the Yuan family, the He Lai family changed the Central Plains culture, and Emperor Xiaowen ordered all the Xianbei people's 118 compound surnames to be changed to single surnames in Chinese characters. Even the nine surnames of the royal family were no exception and were also changed to a single surname. For example, the Tuoba family changed their surname to the Yuan family, the He Lai family changed to the He family, the Dugu family changed to the Liu family, and the Great Khan family changed to the Han family. It is not uncommon for Han surnames to be changed to ethnic minority surnames due to rewards. For example, the Dou family of the Han people in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was given the surname "Hedou Ling", the Lu family was "Bu Lu Gu"; the Tian family was "He Qian"; the Zheng family was "Yu Wen"; and the Duan family was "Er Mian" "Etc.
In other historical periods, there are cases where the emperor gave surnames and changed them to avoid taboos. For example, the Li and Tang dynasties gave the surname Li to civil servants and generals who had made great achievements, and the Zhu Ming dynasty gave the surname Li to ministers. Those with the surname Zhu etc. are also grateful and consider it a supreme honor.
Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty was named Liu Heng. Therefore, all those with the surname "Heng" in the world changed their surname to "Chang" to avoid taboo. Emperor Jing of Jin Dynasty was named Sima Shi, and all "Shi" surnames across the country had to leave out the surname "Shuai". There are also escapes People who changed their surnames because of a vendetta. In Cizhou during the Song Dynasty, there was a clan named "Zu" (zǔ), a relative of Yue Fei's aunt. Yue Fei was killed, nine clans were wiped out, and the family had the surname Zu. They fled to the Xuchang area of ??Henan Province and changed their surnames to ''zǔ". It is called "chuo" and has been passed down to this day. In the Ming Dynasty, some descendants of Fang Xiaoru changed their surname to "Shi" to avoid family difficulties. They separated the word "Shi" and read it as "Fang Renye". In this way, many phenomena are seen in The origin and evolution of the He surname also exist to varying degrees. Although it is only a small part compared to the origin of the "He Han" family mentioned above, it is one of the sources of the He surname. Although it is not the mainstream, it is not tolerated. The significance of neglect. The specific situations are as follows
1. He surname among ethnic minorities (1) In the Western Regions of my country during the Han and Tang Dynasties, there was the Kangju regime established by the Yuezhi people. Zhaowu City in the north of the Qilian Mountains was later defeated by the Huns. They crossed Congling to the west and established the Kang State, which became increasingly powerful. The other regimes successively surrendered to the Kang State, and they all took "Zhaowu" as their surname to show that they did not forget their origins. It was known as the "Nine Zhaowu Surnames" in history, and "He" was one of them in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty and the later Sui Dynasty. There are three ancestors with the surname He from the Western Regions: First, He Xihu, a native of the Western Regions in the Liang Dynasty, entered Shu as a trader and settled in Pixian County (now Pixian County, Sichuan). A very wealthy man with the title of "Big Businessman of Sichuan". The second is He Tuo. People in the Sui Dynasty said that He was a thin man with few talents and ideas. During the reign of Emperor Kaihuang, he was an official to Taifu Cheng. He is well-read in classics, knows a lot about old things, and is extremely skillful in making. During the Sui Dynasty and Liaodong Campaign, Yu Wenkai failed to cross the Liao River and built a bridge. He Chou built the bridge in two days and built a palace, which astonished the Koreans with his miraculous feats. (2) During the Northern Dynasties, there was a minority named He Woisa. His deeds are unknown, but his name is recorded in Northern history. (3) Among the ethnic minorities in the northern part of the Tang Dynasty, there were Tuyuhun, including people with the surname He. During the Five Dynasties period, during the Later Han Dynasty (448), the Tuyuhun Kingdom had a special envoy named He Jia who came to the Central Plains to pay tribute. Tuyuhun is a dynasty established by the Xianbei people in ancient my country. The Xianbei people originally lived in Liaodong. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, they moved west to the Yinshan Mountains and settled in Long. They settled in the north of Qinghai Province and the southeast of Xinjiang in the Yeyan era. Vomiting and turbidity are recorded in "Northern History", "Tongdian" and "Ji Ping Huanyu Ji". The "Philippine Lujiang He Clan Association Journal" published in 1994 has this description: During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a Xianbei chief named Tu He Shegui. He had two sons, and the eldest son "vomited the soul of bathing". The youngest son is "Ruoyu'an", and both of them have their own tribes. Later, the brothers had a feud, and Tuyuhun led his troops to move westward. When his descendant Ye Yan, he named his country "Tuyuhun" and established his own government, namely Tuyuhun Kingdom. What are the details of the He family in Tuyuhun? How are they distributed? Recently, He Qikui and He Zhishun of Korean descent presented a "He family tree" to the fifth He family family tree, saying that the genealogy records the family's ancestral home in Gyeongnam-do, North Korea. The branch of the He family in Miryang County has relatives and friends distributed in Liaodong, China and North Korea. This may provide the main clues and ways to research the origin and distribution of the "Tuyuhun" He family. (4) In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a surname "Hechao'erchi" in Shaanxian County, Ruzhou, Henan, and he was probably Mongolian. "Lanfu Zhi" records: In the Yuan Dynasty, Tubo comfort envoy Suonan, his son Suoming, in the Ming Dynasty, the official paid homage to the commander of the Hezhou Guard, and he was given the surname Taizu of the Ming Dynasty. He Ming was unfortunately killed in the battle with the Liangzhou Qiang people. Whether he has any descendants will be verified later. (5) He Heli, the general of Houjin, originally belonged to the Dong'e clan of Houjin. His father and ancestors were all leaders of the Dong'e tribe.
2. Changed his surname to He. (1) "Hanshu·Wuxingzhi" says: In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a person named He Miao, whose original surname was Zhu. Later, he called himself He surname, and his descendants multiplied and became a branch of He surname. (2) Huangtun and He in Lujiang, Anhui Province are descendants of Fang Xiaoru in the Ming Dynasty. They moved from Jiangxi to Anhui to avoid family trouble, and changed their surname from Fang to He. However, the surname of this branch is stipulated in the genealogy. Their surname is He during their lifetime, and their surname will be Fang after their death. This is a very special situation in the origin of the He family. (3) Puyang's "Qiu Shan Yimen He Family Genealogy" compiled by He Kekun in the Qing Dynasty stated that He Yanshou, the first ancestor of the He family, moved to Puyang from the end of Tai Dynasty in the eighth year of Dazhong in the Tang Dynasty, and ended in the 20th year of the Yuan Dynasty. Dai Huaien had no heirs, so he was succeeded by his nephew Xu Zongfu. In the previous genealogy, Zongfu was previously named the Xu family lineage, and the other two "Puyang Qiushan He family genealogy" respectively regarded Xu Yi or Xu Zongfu of the Southern Song Dynasty as the first generation ancestor. He Shijin was a Jinshi in the forty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi's reign. He was a native of Xincheng, Shandong, Shandong. He served as a minister to the governor. His original surname was Chen. The seventh-generation ancestor adopted his uncle's surname and inherited it. This caste origin is a rare phenomenon.
3. Compound surname and multi-character surname He. After reviewing historical records, we also found some compound surnames and three-character surnames prefixed with He. For example, "Surname Genealogy" records: Descendants of the fierce slave Chanyu in the Han Dynasty had the surname "He Nai" after returning to the Han Dynasty, and were also written as the surname "He Nai". In the Jin Dynasty, there was a general under the Mu Wang Jun of Youzhou who was named "He Nai" Named "''Tiger". There are also compound surnames such as "He Ba", "He Ju", "He Lang", "He Lu", "He Qiu", etc., all of which are recorded in historical documents. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a Mongolian deputy capital named "Yixing'e" and the surname was "Hetuli", which was a three-character surname. The law of development and evolution of Chinese surnames tells us that Chinese surnames evolve from complex to simple, from polyphonic to monophonic. We cannot deny that these compound surnames and three-character surnames are one of the sources of the He surname.
All of the above situations may become a branch of today's big He family. They are all creating glory for the He family and our entire Chinese nation.
Note: Among the people with the surname He, many people from the northwest, northern and eastern ethnic minorities changed their surname to He to adapt to the Han surname. Now, they worship Han Jue as their ancestor.
Since the Warring States Period, people surnamed He have been moving around, seeking ways to survive and develop in the ups and downs and unpredictable situations. The emperor and heaven have paid off, and the sages surnamed He in the past dynasties have created immortal achievements and added brilliance to the history of the Chinese nation.