Give a simple example: it is easy for people to find a boat in the vast sea, but it is difficult to find their companions in the crowded crowd, which shows that the larger the space, the more prominent the subject image. In real life, people hate crowded environment, but like relaxing space. Similarly, if the blank space in graphic design is handled well, the theme image will be more clear and prominent.
Basic elements of virtual space
What are the factors that form a sense of space?
(1) superposition can form a sense of space. When an image is superimposed on another image, it will produce a sense of series or integration, which will further cause a sense of depth on the plane.
(2) the change of size can form a sense of space, and people have a sense of being near the big and far from the small visually, so the greater the change of size, the stronger the sense of depth of space.
③ Tilt changes can form a sense of space. Because the change of inclination is the result of spatial rotation in people's vision, it also gives people a sense of depth.
(4) Bending changes can form the illusion of depth in space, thus creating a sense of space.
⑤ Texture changes form a sense of space, because people's visual perception is that they can see clearly at close range and blur at a long distance, so rough texture has a closer feeling than fine texture, so texture changes can also cause a sense of space.
⑥ Brightness changes to form a sense of space. Because the brightness contrast of nearby objects is strong, the contrast of distant objects is generally weak, so the intensity of brightness contrast can cause a sense of depth, and those close to the background brightness have a sense of retreat, and vice versa.
All landowners perspective effect can also form a sense of space, in real space, because people's perspective is fixed, the field of vision is infinite, in any case, the eyes can only see three sides of the object, and the bigger the former, so perspective will cause a sense of space.
Generally speaking, people call visible objects real space, while the space outside objects is called blank space. In graphic design, we should pay attention to the distribution of "shape". Sometimes "shape" can be real space or virtual space, and the relationship between shape and background should be considered. ?
Point-line-surface composition of virtual space
Point, line and surface are the basis of graphic design and the basic unit of virtual space, just like the relationship between words in conversational language. The practice of point, line and surface can not only improve the understanding of the most basic units in these shapes, but also be directly applied to our visual design, such as book design, poster design, packaging design, illustration and so on.
Composition of (1) point. A point represents a position, which has no length or width. The area of a point can be large or small, such as square, circle, rectangle, ellipse, triangle, etc. In appearance. The arrangement of points can arrange different compositions and produce different visual effects according to the changes of modeling elements such as structure, proportion and skeleton.
(2) the composition of lines. The line image in plastic arts has both length and width, but the width should be less than the length to feel the line image. The overall shape of "line" can be straight, curved, irregular or hand-drawn.
(3) the composition of the surface. There are many types of surface shapes, which can be summarized as follows:
■ Geometric shape refers to the shape formed by mathematical methods.
■ Organic fingers are composed of free arcs and have the feeling of liquid or growth.
■ Straight lines refer to the random formation of straight lines, but not mathematically.
■ Irregular shape refers to the random combination of straight lines and curves.
■ Hand-painted shapes and fingers can be drawn freely without the help of any tools, just like calligraphy.
■ Accidental shape refers to a shape made of special technology or materials, or a shape obtained by accident.
Virtual space in book design
In book design, the virtual space of the layout can rest the reader's vision and form a relaxed reading rhythm. The same photos and words, different amounts of one-sided blank, give people different impressions:
■ There are few blank spaces, but there are many illustrations or words in the layout, which gives people a lively and informative feeling and is more suitable for energetic young people and people who pay attention to information.
■ Blank layout gives people a quiet and elegant feeling, which usually makes people feel relaxed and free, so they can read in a comfortable mood. Blank layout is often associated with high taste and style.
Generally speaking, black words and white space form a visual aesthetic feeling. Or a big sky, or an open foot, or some small characters in a big blank to create different rhythms can bring people beauty.
Virtual space in advertising design
Now all kinds of advertisements are overwhelming and dazzling. Although they are colorful, they also cause a lot of "pollution" to people's vision. Therefore, if advertising design wants to achieve the expected purpose, it is necessary to pay attention to the treatment of blank space in design and let the main information jump into people's sight.
Taking print advertising design as an example, it is necessary to skillfully combine various elements such as title, advertising language, graphics, illustrations, explanatory text, colors, signs and accessories, and at the same time handle the relationship between density and blank, text and graphics, graphics and colors in two-dimensional space, which requires reasonable arrangement of various elements.
In the specific design, the places that should be dense should be organized as densely as possible with graphics or words, and the blank places should be kept as large as possible. Only when there is a strong contrast between density and density can a good visual effect be achieved. Proper blank space can make the vision breathe and rest, at the same time highlight the theme and attract the audience's attention to non-blank space.
Virtual space in newspaper layout
Layout is the overall expression of the layout of newspapers and periodicals, which embodies the personality of a publication. It is not good to leave the layout blank, and it is not good to leave more blank. If the pictures and titles in the layout are regarded as black (real space) and the text is regarded as gray, then the blank lines (line spacing) left on the layout after column division are blank.
To arrange space on a certain size of paper, you must first arrange columns. Usually a page can be divided into several columns for easy reading. Imagine what the layout of a newspaper would look like without a column. It is very likely that after reading this line, you will not find the next line or jump to other lines, which will bring great inconvenience to reading. Therefore, it is most appropriate to arrange the length of each line in the most convenient reading range for human vision, which can minimize the movement of people's eyes and head.
In a word, the virtual space in the design, whose form is clear and identifiable, is a reasonable design element, not an insignificant foil. Recommended reading: learn layout! Blank and the rule of formal beauty of graphics and text