A masterpiece, a brilliant calligraphy theory.
Yang Shoujing advocated that calligraphy should be "changed", and change is innovation. He expounded that the calligraphy of later generations and the calligraphy of sages "seek simplicity with pens, sum with words, and eventually become a layman." His book "The Origin of Kaifa" is voluminous, with 14 volumes and the directory is 1 volume. As the name implies, he is discussing the origin of Kaifa, as well as the change of writing and the innovation of calligraphy. "Gu's appraisal of Li is divided into chapters according to rhyme, which is easy to find, but not enough to see the change of the eight laws." "There are Tang monuments in the Northern Dynasties, and there are also monuments. Those who have to be allowed in and out can be good at the strengths of each family. If you are a word of the Northern Dynasty and a word of the Tang Dynasty, how can you reorganize it? This book wants scholars to understand the changes in calligraphy. " In this book, Yang Shoujing has discussed the changes of calligraphy many times, and the sense of innovation naturally overflows between the lines. Calligraphers of past dynasties concluded that in order to have new attainments, calligraphy must have "three essentials", that is, one must be talented, the other should read more and the third should write more. While affirming the three essentials of predecessors, Yang Shoujing added two essentials, namely, high quality. He believes that "high quality means elegant and unconventional writing" and "one should learn to be rich, broad-minded and naturally overflow between the lines". It should be affirmed that this is his understanding of calligraphy and life for decades.
Mr Yang Shoujing is not only knowledgeable, but also of high quality. During my stay in China, I bought back a large number of Japanese classical cultural books that were lost to Japan, many of which are still orphans, making an indelible contribution to the preservation of Japanese cultural classics.
The calligraphy art of melting Han and casting Tang, and pulling out the art forest alone
Yang Shoujing is good at calligraphy. He is good at all kinds of calligraphy, but the most distinctive thing is to promote his calligraphy. Xiong Huizhen, his favorite pupil, called Yang Shoujing "the calligraphy handed down from ancient times, as ancient as the Han and Wei Dynasties, unparalleled in the world". Although a little flattering, I can still see it. The record in his chronicle that "book seekers came to the door one after another, day and night" shows the influence of his calligraphy at that time. Mr. Chen Shangmin has a special liking for Yang Shoujing's handed down calligraphy. "Melting Han to cast Tang, both points in the Li dynasty to lead the model. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was really a unique art forest. " There are three reasons: first, a wide range of knowledge. As a calligrapher, only by learning to be rich in five cars can you see six roads with your eyes and six roads with your hands. This is the case with Mr. Yang Shoujing. The ancients said, "Read thousands of books and take Wan Li Road". There is another cloud: "Reading is like breaking ten thousand volumes, and writing is like a god." Mr. Yang Shoujing said: "Reading more books is helpful to writing, and reading more famous books is helpful to writing", which is a famous saying. Never put off till tomorrow what you can in "The Preface of Pursuing Development", Yang Shoujing said that "the collection of strange and different things makes a mountain". Undoubtedly, extensive knowledge is a solid foundation for the formation of his calligraphy style. Second, the combination of inscriptions is the genius of Yang Shoujing's calligraphy. Calligraphers of all ages attached importance to Nantie, while Yang Shoujing attached more importance to the study of North and South. In the Qing Dynasty, the study of steles was greatly promoted, and some people refused to post them in the south, making the steles absolute. And Yang Shoujing has always been paying equal attention to steles and calligraphy, putting aestheticism first, breaking the tradition and standing on its own feet. Therefore, its handed down calligraphy has both form and spirit and shines brilliantly. "There is both the spirit of stone tablets, such as knives and axes, and the elegance of legal posts, which is quite heroic but not obsequious" (Chen Shangmin's language).
Multipurpose flank
"Generally speaking, the calligraphy of the Six Dynasties took the side as the advantage." The so-called hidden front is the outer front in the painting, and the cover is like a cone drawing sand, such as Yin Yinni, broken hairpin and leakage mark. The idea of future generations seeking the Tibetan front cannot be created with this as the center. His theory is also controversial, and everyone who learns his methods will have poor books. Don't talk about others, try two kings. Is there a problem? The front of the side is opening and closing, yin and yang, turning back, turning, light and heavy, starting and ending. What the ancients valued was that the author could use this. If the front is in the painting, it is a letter, and there is nothing you can do. How wonderful is the law? This view is refreshing, which is a great shock to the views of the sages that "pen and ink are the center" and "it is not easy to use a pen through the ages", and it also makes people understand that there is no absolute thing in a philosophy. What's more commendable is that Yang Shoujing didn't make it up out of thin air, nor did he just talk nonsense. Instead, he tried to practice his theory and make it great. In this way, his unique calligraphy style and interesting brushwork were achieved. At the same time, people can see the ancient, profound, simple and elegant side of his calligraphy.
During Guangxu's six to ten years as Japanese Minister Shu Chang's Attaché, he collected a large number of books lost in China, brought more than 3000 copies of Han, Wei, Six Dynasties Sui and Tang Dynasties inscriptions/kloc-0, devoted himself to the calligraphy teaching of the Six Dynasties North Monument, and made a special contribution to the cultural exchange between China and Japan. He is the author of Shu Ji, Notes on Inscriptions, Xueguiyan, Tangwang Jinshi, Revision of Ancient Books on Narrative, Tracing the Origin of Buddhism, etc. Critics praised it as an eternal industry. Seven-character couplet of running script, written in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), is a kind of running script. The seven-character couplet is 1, in which the upper and lower couplet is 14 and the paragraph is 9 words. ***23 words. Yang Shoujing is good at calligraphy theory. He once wrote On Calligraphy, which elaborated on calligraphy theory and had many original opinions. His calligraphy has a great influence in Japan and is the first of its kind in modern Japanese calligraphy. This running script works, the strokes are strengthened, the strokes are all made, and the heroic spirit is full, and at the same time, the statutes have changed. Some brushstrokes such as skimming and pressing are indulged, which makes the whole work vivid and full of personality. The structure of the characters is horizontal, which is the characteristic of the inscriptions in the Six Dynasties. From the perspective of brushwork, it is not all the brushwork of the Six Dynasties, but there is a thick sticky smell between the lines; The structure of every word is uneven, simple and Gu Zhuo, and it has a natural interest. The overall composition is in one go, and the momentum is connected. Yang Shoujing is a famous rare book of ancient books and epigraphist in the late Qing Dynasty, as well as an accomplished Gu Quan scholar and famous calligrapher.
Yang Shoujing went to Li Jue twice, but was not allowed. As a result, he passed the teaching of Jingshan official school and became a teacher at the end of his term. Later, he served as Japanese military attache in Li Shuchang. After returning to China, I chose the teaching guidance in Huanggang County and went to see a professor in Huangzhou Prefecture. After protecting the magistrate of a county, add five titles. Zhang Zhidong supervised Huguang, and extended to teach in Huhu Academy. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), special economic courses were offered, and cave performances ranked first. Elected as the county magistrate of Huoshan County, Anhui Province. If you haven't arrived at your post, please still use it in the cabinet. During the Republic of China, he was interested in writing. I have been addicted to the past all my life. With his diligence in study, extensive study and rote memorization, he can make greater achievements. The collection of epigraphy materials and rare books of ancient books is very rich and wonderful, and it is famous for its expertise in textual research. He is especially good at history, geography, records and epigraphy. He also devoted himself to the study of Gu Quan coins. In the early years of Guangxu, he collated and supervised the thirty-four volumes of Qian Lue in Ancient and Modern Times with Gu Quan experts, and the school magazine carefully read it, which was praised as a rare book. Try to copy and expand the money spectrum of hormone flying green pavilion handed down from generation to generation, which is collected by the Palace Museum in Taiwan. Yang also got Li Baotai's rubbings, which were compiled into twenty-four volumes of Gu Quan Yao and prefaced. The manuscript is now in the library of Fudan University, which has been included in the newly compiled China Coin Literature Series, and will meet with readers in a few days. By quoting these things, we can see that it is diligent in spreading Gu Quan's learning. He has written many books, including the first and second episodes of The Stone of the Tang King. Sixteen volumes of the three episodes continue to visit historical sites around the world, water classics, detailed maps of past dynasties, records of Japanese books, and inscriptions and postscript of the elderly in neighboring Soviet Union.
Yang was famous for his calligraphy before his death. Even though he paid a lot of money, it was rare to get an original. After his death, it is very valuable to keep traces of books. The publication of "Inscription and Postscript of Old People's Handwriting in Neighboring Soviet Union" is very popular because of its title. The author has several letters written by Yang to Liang Dingfen (Ji 'an). Today, I want Liang to write a couplet about the birthday of He Miaoquan Sun (Xiao Shan) for a generation of celebrities. This is the whole family Shouze one hundred years ago. It is very interesting to read, but his cursive script is difficult to write. Try to explain it as follows:
The first step of Jiean people: your illness should have been cured! I heard Miao Xiaowen's seventieth birthday in a few days. I prepared a couplet for my wish, but I couldn't make it. My brother knows. I'm looking forward to catching a knife for me. Specially written in lowercase, throw it away when you are ready to write. Depend on love or not, only forgive. Please call Daan at once! Not Zhuang. Shoujing nodded. If you can't get there on the 30th, please send it to East Broadway 132.
Take Liang Dingfen's emotional essays as an example. He is famous for his times and good at making couplets. At that time, celebrities such as Chen, Zhu Yifan, Li Zhanzhi and Zhu Ruzhen often asked them to write for him. Yang and Liang are close, so please ask Ding Fen to do it for them. This paper focuses on the ancient characters on bronzes and stone tools, such as ancient stone tablets, ancient copper coins, bronzes and other ancient cultural relics. His representative works include Stone in Hubei, Stone in Japan, Bamboo Slips of Gu Quan, Stone in Tang Dynasty, etc. 10.
He paid special attention to the role of epigraphy in academic research and made textual research on previous works. There are more than 20 mistakes in the application of epigraphy in Sui Shu Classic Supplement.
Yang Shoujing's third great achievement is edition bibliography. There are many achievements in his works, such as Examples of Books, Catalogue of Books in Yang Shoujing, Liu Zhen Pu, and Textual Research on the Origin of Ancient Prints. Yang Shoujing was not a scholar all his life, but he was quite famous in the academic circles. Yang's academic achievements are attributed to his study of the earth, and he is known as a historical geographer who opened a new era of geography.
Yang Shoujing made in-depth research and textual research on Water Mirror Annotation and Water Mirror Annotation for the purpose of writing Water Mirror Annotation. He summed up the previous research results, which was more detailed than the previous research. He wrote 40 volumes of Notes on Water Mirror, which made China's evolutionary geography reach its peak. Its geography, together with the arithmetic of Wang Niansun, Duan Yucai and Li in primary schools, is known as the "three musts" in Qing Dynasty. In addition, Mr. Yang's Maps of Geographical Evolution of Past Dynasties, Maps of Geographical Evolution of Past Dynasties and Notes on Shuijing are also excellent works.
Yang Shoujing's achievements in geography are the most outstanding in his life. His masterpiece is Notes on Water Classics, which was written with his master Xiong for decades. Notes on Water Classics is an annotated book written by Li Daoyuan for Water Classics. There are more than 10,000 words in the book Water Mirror, and 40 volumes of Notes on Water Mirror are more than 20 times more than water mirrors, so they are called annotated water mirrors. In fact, this is a masterpiece with water mirror as the main line. Li Daoyuan corrected many mistakes of water mirror in his notes, and pointed out the mistakes and errors in quotations. Due to the political situation of the split between North and South at that time, Li Daoyuan's footprint failed to reach the south, so there were many mistakes in the notes related to this part. When Li Shu reached the early Song Dynasty, five volumes were lost. Later, someone analyzed the remaining 35 volumes into 40 volumes, copied them repeatedly, and the water mirror notes lost their authenticity. Some chapters are so serious that they are almost difficult to read and are deeply influenced by scholars. Scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties attached great importance to Zhu's collation.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Notes on Water Classics were written, while in the early Qing Dynasty, Gu, Gu Zuyu, Yan Ruoqu and Hu Wei managed the Notes on Water Classics. On this basis, during the Qianlong period, Quan, Zhao Yiqing and Dai Zhen wrote books one after another. During Guangxu period, three school languages, Quan, Zhao and Dai, were compiled, and with reference to other research results, the Notes on Water Classics of Joint Schools was written. They not only distinguished the confused classics from the annotations, but also made up the lost five volumes of Notes on Water Classics, corrected many mistakes in Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics, and made them gradually close to the original appearance. However, there are still many problems in these families. Yang Shoujing said: "Since Quan, Zhao and Dai wrote The Notes on Water Classics, there has been an overwhelming feeling. Although there is an attack, there is no discussion of orpiment. I have been looking for it for several years, and I feel that all three schools have their own advantages and disadvantages. Not only is the merit of pulse water not reached, but also the archaeological strength is sparse. Often use a cleansing quality hand, and it is imminent to have obvious warts. " The Preface to Annotation and Shu Shu is a work of annotation and Shu Shu, written by Xiong, a master, and its compilation style and procedures are all drawn up by Yang Shoujing.
When this book was first written, Yang Shoujing was 66 years old, fearing that once he died, the manuscript would not be handed down. "Because the picture was carved first, that is, the most relevant person in the sparse room was smashed out of the water mirror notes and deleted in the sparse room." (Preface to Annotate and Annotate the Water Mirror) There are many fallacies due to the hasty publication of Annotate and Annotate the Water Mirror. On the other hand, after the publication of Annotate and Annotate the Water Mirror, Yang Shoujing continued to polish the first draft of Annotate and Annotate the Water Mirror, so there are supplements, supplements and sequels to Annotate and Annotate the Water Mirror. Since then, Xiong has inherited the teacher's records and continued to compile them. By the time Xiong 1936 died, Notes on Water Mirror had been finalized, but not yet published. Before he died, Xiong asked his fellow villagers to arrange and publish this book. 1948, Li Zikai published the first volume of Water Mirror Notes with the donation from all walks of life in Yidu. 1955 "Water Mirror Notes" was photocopied and published by China Science Press. By 1957, the book had been published in 40 volumes, ***2 1 volume, with an original manuscript attached (incomplete volume). The manuscript was purchased by the Library of China Academy of Sciences from Wuhan bibliophile Xu Xingke at 1954. 197 1 year, Zhonghua Book Company used another manuscript of Notes collected by the former Central Library to photocopy 40 volumes of Yang's Notes.
Water Mirror Annotation draws lessons from the research results of previous dynasties, and takes Zhu Mouwei's Water Mirror Annotation as the main text, with detailed textual research and conclusive evidence. For example, Notes on the Water Classics: Five Rivers: "Zhong Ni said," I should call the monarch with my officials, but not give him instructions. So the Book says that "The King of Heaven was founded in Heyang", and Heyang is not his birthplace. Yang Shoujing's Shu pointed out that Zuo Zhuan was the cause of the incident, and said that the last sentence of Zuo Zhuan was "out of place". At the same time, he also quoted Du Yu's words: "Heyang belongs to Jin, not the king's hunting place." Then, in Notes, moire said, "Filial piety, Jia Kui said: Yang He, Ye Wen. The article "Shu" points out that "Historical Records, Zhou Benji, Ji Jie" quoted Jia Kui as saying, "The river is sunny and the Jin Dynasty is warm. "The Legend of Gu Liang says,' It's warm and sunny on the river.' So both Fu and Jia said so. "With Yang Shoujing's Shu and Notes, readers can have a thorough understanding.
The Notes on Water Classics draws lessons from other scholars and corrects many mistakes of predecessors. There are many words such as "failed in the exam", "wrong" and "wrong library" in the sparse text, and the attitude is clear. For example, "Notes on Water Mirror Jiang Shui": "It is wrong to raise your mouth in the north and write the word' ju' in Zhong Yong, but forget the word when you get the sound." Yang Shoujing pointed out: "The rope of peep:' Set four years as the battle,' Left',' Valley' as' residence',' Ram' as' residence' and cover the ancient homonym. Li said "ju" was wrong and failed the exam. "
In Notes, "all the books cited by Li are published." (Preface to the Water Mirror) For example, in The Water Mirror Notes Jiang Shuier: "The Three Gorges in 700 Li, the two sides of the Yangtze River are connected with mountains, without gaps ..." Three Tears of Apes "is a vivid description of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, which has always been recited by scholars in ancient and modern times and is generally believed to be written by Li Daoyuan himself. Shu points out that there are more than 80 words1from "Three Gorges 700 Li" to "Tears on the Skirts", which is quoted from Sheng Hongzhi's Jingzhou Ji, and the quotation can be found in Volume 53 of Taiping Magnolia.
Notes on the Water Mirror reached the peak of China's evolutionary geography and was a monument in the history of Li's research. It publishes all the books cited by Sydney. The described water is described in detail in its migration. At that time, I set up a book to study Sydney and geography and correct right and wrong; Sign a blog next to it, sparse mutual testimony. It is a masterpiece of history, water conservancy, agriculture, folklore and literature. The book has 40 volumes and more than 2 million words, covering more than 3,000 rivers. Yang Shoujing loved reading since he was a child, but he failed to become an official. Yang Shoujing was chosen at the age of twenty-four, and was forty-eight in the twelfth year of Guangxu. He tried to be a scholar seven times, but he finally failed because of bad luck. Nevertheless, every time he went to Beijing to take the exam, he lost no time to visit Shi Jing Bookstore and collect ancient books and inscriptions extensively, which laid the foundation for his catalogue edition and epigraphy.
In March of the sixth year of Guangxu, Yang Shoujing failed the sixth exam. In desperation, he was invited by the Japanese minister He, and was sent to Japan as the embassy attache next summer. At that time, at the time of reform, Japan advocated new learning and abandoned old learning. Classical Chinese books were regarded as a symbol of backwardness and discarded at will. So Yang Shoujing can buy many rare books and cheats that have been lost in China. Yang Shoujing also met a Japanese doctor named Mori Rizhi, who is also a bibliophile. Yang Shoujing saw some rare books and films he copied in Sen's place, and he couldn't put it down. Sen's opinion is that Yang Shoujing loved them so much and gave them generously, while Yang Shoujing got inspiration from them and compiled a sample of the secret books of Song and Yuan Dynasties he visited in Japan, which was later engraved and published, and was called "Six Treasures", which created an epoch-making book shadow precedent for the ancient book edition. Sen Lizhi also gave Yang Shoujing a copy of Visiting Ancient Records. From then on, it was more convenient for Yang Shoujing to take orders to visit. In just one year, he bought more than 30,000 ancient books. A few years later, the Japanese realized it and regretted it very much. He wrote the Book List of Visiting Japan (15), which is a knowledgeable book catalogue, and every book has problems. It is an important bibliography work in modern times.
A year later, he succeeded He as the ambassador to Japan. Li Shuchang (1837- 1897), a native of Zunyi, Guizhou, was appointed as the ambassador to Japan for the second time by Guangxu. Li Shuchang is also an excellent ancient scholar. He was very moved when he heard that Yang Shoujing had visited many ancient books that had been lost in China. He commissioned Yang Shoujing to engrave the ancient Yi series on the basis of searching ancient books, so Yang Shoujing was more keen on visiting ancient times. Yang Shoujing is good at calligraphy and painting. He went to Japan and took more than 13,000 copies of inscriptions in the Han, Wei, Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties. Using these inscriptions, Yang Shoujing not only spread China's calligraphy art to Japan, but also was praised as the father of modern Japanese calligraphy and Taoism, and got many rare books that money couldn't buy. From the eighth year to the tenth year of Guangxu, Yang Shoujing assisted Li Shuchang in engraving the "Guyi Series", with 26 kinds of * * * 200 volumes, most of which were lost in China at that time.
In the tenth year of Guangxu, Yang Shoujing returned to China with all the books he had visited in Japan, and in the fourteenth year of Guangxu, he built a library in Huangzhou, Hubei (now Huanggang City) and rented 10. Because it was adjacent to the "Tang Xue" of Su Dongpo in Chibi, he built a library named "Adjacent to Suyuan" because it was adjacent to Su Dongpo's former residence. In the 29th year of Guangxu, Yang Shoujing built a seascape hall in Wuchang, and moved books to Wuchang, claiming to have hundreds of thousands of books. During the Revolution of 1911, Yang Shoujing took refuge in Shanghai, but his books were not shipped out. At that time, at the request of the Japanese Consul Temple West in Hankou, Governor Li issued an inspiration to protect Yang Shoujing's books: if photos of civilized countries are not carefully preserved, they will be proud of their own countries. We find Yang Shen respectful, with hundreds of thousands of ancient books. All China compatriots should try their best to protect them. Anyone who dares to vandalize or steal will be prosecuted immediately upon discovery. Yang Shen is a learned man, and his compatriots should be respected and respected. * * * Do our duty of protection, and pay attention to the rural sages for the preservation of ancient books. Yang Shoujing's greatest achievement is geography, that is, historical geography. There are many works, including 230 masterpieces1piece, 7 military maps1piece, 304 water mirror illustrations, and collations of Sui Shu Jingji Zhi, Hui Mingxuan Draft, and Hanshu Geography. The books with the highest evaluation in the world are Notes on Shui Jing by Luo Zhenyu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, Arithmetic by Li Guangxu, and Elementary School by Wang Niansun and Duan Yucai. When Mao Zedong was alive, he proposed to publish Yang Shoujing's Map of Geographical Evolution in Past Dynasties. Notes on the Water Mirror reached the peak of China's evolutionary geography and was a monument in the history of Li's research. It publishes all the books cited by Sydney; The described water is described in detail in its migration. At that time, I set up a book to study Sydney and geography and correct right and wrong; Sign a blog on the side, sparse and mutual evidence. It is a masterpiece of history, water conservancy, agriculture, folklore and literature. The book has 40 volumes and more than 2 million words, covering more than 3,000 rivers. And correct many mistakes made by his predecessor. There are two ways to correct mistakes: one is epigraphy, which is verified by facts against objects. The second is field reconnaissance and personal experience. Such as the origin of Qingjiang (formerly known as Yishui). "Water Mirror" contains: "Yishui, out of Ba County, in Fu County." "Notes on Water Classics" was also wrongly transmitted. Without field research, Li Daoyuan believed that it originated from the Yangtze River in Yufu County (now Fengjie). That is, the upstream source of Qingjiang River is connected with the Yangtze River, and then flows to Yidu and enters the Yangtze River. After on-the-spot investigation, Yang Shoujing believed that Qingjiang River originated from Lichuan. Third, Yang Shoujing always combines service practice when managing knowledge. In Notes on Water Classics, he put forward the idea of attaching importance to vegetation, planting trees and preventing soil erosion. He believes that there were trees on both sides of the Yangtze River in ancient times, but modern logging will dry up, and residents don't know how to plant trees. After a long time, it will cause soil erosion, block rivers and cause floods. Fourthly, he pioneered the color overprint map. Maps before Yang are usually drawn in monochrome (black). In order to distinguish right from wrong, Yang Shoujing introduced red and Zhu Mo overprint when studying Notes on Water Mirror.