Yungang Grottoes are located at the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain, which is17km west of Datong City, Shanxi Province in northern China. Grottoes are dug along the mountain, stretching from east to west 1 km. There are 45 main caves, 252 grottoes and more than 565,438+0,000 stone carvings. It is one of the largest ancient grottoes in China, and it is also known as the four artistic treasures of China, together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and Tianshui Maijishan Grottoes.
Yungang Grottoes are magnificent and rich in content. It is the crown of stone carving art in China in the 5th century A.D., and is known as the treasure house of ancient carving art in China. According to the excavation time, it can be divided into three periods: early, middle and late, and the grotto sculpture styles in different periods also have their own characteristics.
The early "Tan Yaodong" was magnificent and had a rich and simple western flavor. In the middle period, the grottoes were famous for their exquisite carvings and ornate decorations, showing the complex and magnificent artistic style of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Although the scale of the grottoes in the later period is small, the figures are slender and handsome, and the proportion is moderate. It is a model of grottoes art in northern China and the origin of "skinny and picturesque".
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Yungang Grottoes vividly recorded the historical track of the development of Indian and Central Asian Buddhist art to China Buddhist art, and reflected the gradual secularization and nationalization of Buddhist statues in China. A variety of Buddhist sculpture styles have achieved unprecedented integration in Yungang Grottoes. ?
Yungang Grottoes are the beginning of the "China-ization" of Grottoes. The Chinese palace architectural style carvings in Yungang Grottoes in the middle period and the Chinese-style Buddhist niches developed on this basis have been widely used in the construction of later grottoes. The layout and decoration of the grottoes in Yungang's later period showed a strong architectural and decorative style in China, which reflected the deepening of "China" of Buddhist art.
Baidu encyclopedia-Yungang grottoes