1648 (the second year of Li Yong) In February, the Li Yong regime in Nanming was in jeopardy. At that time, Jiangxi company commander Jin Shenghuan, deputy commander Wang Deren and Guangdong prefect Li Chengdong's anti-Qing-Guiming incident suddenly happened, and the world situation changed for a while.
Jin Shenghuan was originally a ministry of Hou Zuo Liangyu in the south of the Ming Dynasty, and was promoted to company commander when the Ming Dynasty perished. 1645 During April and May, Prince Azig of the Qing Dynasty pursued Li Zicheng's army to Jiujiang, and Zuo Liangyu died of illness. The Qing court sent Zuo Menggeng, the son of Liang Yu, to Liu Dong County (now dongzhi county, Anhui Province) for clearance. Prince Azig ordered Zuo Menggeng to lead his general to appear in court in Beijing. Jin Shenghuan was afraid of losing the military power and asked to lead the troops to take Jiangxi to open up territory for the Qing Dynasty. With the consent of Prince Azig, he was awarded the title of military company commander in Jiangxi Province. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/646, Jin Shenghuan led the army to conquer Ganzhou, which was a key figure in the Qing army's pacification of Jiangxi War.
Wang Deren, a native of Mizhi, Shaanxi Province, was born in the peasant army in the late Ming Dynasty. Together with Jin Shenghuan, he attacked Jiangxi with Liu Liangzuo and Gaojinku, and was stationed in Nanchang for a long time.
Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren had a good relationship with the Qing authorities on the surface, but in fact they were suspicious of each other.
Jin and Wang thought that it would cost Manchuria one soldier and one pawn, but if they occupied the state according to the county, they would get a special reward from the Qing court. I didn't expect the Qing court to make fun of it. After pacifying most of Jiangxi, only Jin Shenghuan was appointed as the company commander guarding Jiangxi and other places, and Wang Deren was reduced to second lieutenant. In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Jin Shenghuan asked the Qing court to issue another imperial edict, granting him the power of "commanding civil and military affairs" and "doing things cheaply". In May of the same year, the Qing court sent troops to discuss and play. As a result, his request was rejected, and his official title was changed from the general commander guarding Jiangxi and other places to the general commander of Jiangxi military affairs, and it was stipulated that "suppression of work is of great importance, and the town governor suppresses Shang Lue and listens to the governor of the inner court." After the imperial edict was issued, Jin Shenghuan was disappointed. He complained in his heart about the meanness and ingratitude of the Qing Dynasty. In particular, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren forcibly extorted a batch of gold and silver treasures when collecting counties in Jiangxi and became nouveau riche. Zhang Yutian and Dong Xuecheng, the newly appointed governor of Jiangxi in the Qing court, were jealous and alarmist, threatening them to pay. The dispute over power and money made Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren increasingly dissatisfied with the Qing court. All anger is like an undercurrent under a volcano, ready to move, just waiting for the opportunity to erupt.
One day, inspector Dong Xuecheng asked Wang Deren for a geisha. Because Wang Deren didn't agree immediately, Dong Xuecheng immediately cursed: "I can let Wang Deren's wife sleep with me, let alone a geisha?" Wang Deren raised his sword and shouted, "My king Zamao has been a thief for 20 years, and he knows the difference between men and women. How can he kneel to pigs and dogs for a living? " So the sword ran to Dong Xuecheng's mansion, chopped Dong into pieces, and then went to see Jin Shenghuan, forcing Jin Shenghuan to show his cards.
1648 (the fifth year of Shunzhi and the second year of Li Yong) On the 27th day of the first month, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren pre-emptively captured and killed the officials who did not want to follow the anti-Qing movement, and announced the anti-Qing movement to regain sight. Ironically, when Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren launched the uprising, they didn't know the news of Li Yong's accession to the throne. Therefore, they issued a notice to protect the people for four years. Soon, they learned that Emperor Wu of the Long Dynasty had been killed and Zhu Youlang, the king of Gui, had acceded to the throne, so the document notice was changed to a permanent calendar of two years.
Although Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren acted out of personal motives and lacked the foresight and talent of leaders, their actions had a wide impact anyway. Not only did Jiangxi Rebel Army rise, but also officials from western Huguang and Fujian coastal areas returned to the Ming Dynasty, and Huguang Rebel Army became active again. However, the most important reaction came from Li Chengdong. Many important events in history are often triggered by a small matter. Anyway, shortly after Jiangxi, the anti-Qing wave in Hubei and Anhui surged. The Qing court dispatched troops everywhere, and Tong Yangjia ordered an army to enter Ganzhou, which was being attacked by Jin and Wang. At the moment, however, Li Chengdong quietly, sit tight. In the process of the Qing court's invasion of Jiangnan, Li Chengdong was ordered to lead his troops to attack along Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi, and collected a large territory for the Qing side. In particular, Li Chengdong played a key role in the first Qing attack on Guangdong and Guangxi. He thinks he has made outstanding contributions, and the position of governor of Guangdong and Guangxi belongs to him. Unexpectedly, the Qing court attached great importance to "Liao people" when rewarding merit.
Children's armor belongs to Liaoyang family. When Nurhachi attacked Fushun, his brother Toarey Yang defected and surrendered. Some Tong families were killed by the Ming Dynasty in Liaoyang, and some were taken to Shanhaiguan for detention. The father of the child bride was put into Shanhaiguan and died unjustly. In order to avoid disaster, the child bride changed her name to Dong Yuan and entered Zuo Liangyu. 1645, when the Qing army went south, he took refuge in the Qing dynasty, restored his name, and immediately gained the trust of the Manchu nobles. After the occupation of Guangzhou, Tong Yangjia was appointed as the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi and the Governor of Guangdong, although he had few troops and few military exploits. Li Chengdong is only the magistrate of Guangdong and Guangxi, not only has no right to ask about local government affairs, but also accepts the dispatch and restraint of Tong Yangjia in military action, and their original colleague status has become a superior-subordinate relationship. The unfair treatment made by the Qing court for reusing "Liao people" made the ambitious Li Chengdong unbearable, and his inner dissatisfaction gradually accumulated. /kloc-in the first month of 0/648, news came that Jiangxi prefect Jin Shenghuan and lieutenant Wang Deren were fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight. Li Chengdong thought the time was ripe and decided to change his name anyway. On April 15, he launched a mutiny in Guangzhou, cut off his braid and decorated it, and issued a notice with the number of Li Yong, announcing the return of the Qing Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. Governor Tong Yangjia panicked and was forced to cut his braid and go against his will. The whole Guangdong Province is under the control of Li Chengdong, and officials from all counties are welcome to join us. Geng, the governor of Guangxi, and Yang Youguang, the general of Wuzhou, led the troops in Wuzhou, and immediately sent envoys into Nanming District to report the news that Guangdong and Guangxi were fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining their sight. Then Li Chengdong's emissary brought a formal congratulation form and a letter to the throne.
At that time, the Li Yong imperial court was in a difficult situation, and it was a great blessing for Guangdong and Guangxi to suddenly lose the prefecture. At first, I couldn't believe it. After several days of snooping, especially Cao Ye, the governor of Guangxi, and Hong Tianqi, the governor of Garfield, who had already been cleared, came to appear before the court to explain the reasons. Li Yong's monarch and subjects were relieved of their doubts, and immediately they were beaming, packed their bags and prepared to reorganize their rivers and mountains.
After a period of conspiracy and planning, Li Chengdong decided to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain his sight. This inside story is recorded in Nanming Historical Records. In addition to the discriminatory policies of the Qing court mentioned above, there are three reasons that contributed to his determination. First, Zhang Jiayu, Chen Zizhuang, Chen Bangyan and others fought to the death with the Qing Dynasty and died heroically, which made him a general of Amin Dynasty unable to remain indifferent. Although he personally suppressed these uprisings, his conscience was not completely lost. Second, some former officials and gentry in Guangdong in the Ming Dynasty, such as college students He, He and He, never forgot Yuan Pengnian's heart. When they realized that there was a contradiction with children's armor (in fact, with the Qing court), they immediately seized the opportunity to secretly instigate it anyway. Third, the death of Zhao, the beloved princess in the east of the city, became the fuse.
Yuan Pengnian was the son of Yuan Zhongdao, a great scholar in the Ming Dynasty. Yuan Zhongdao, the word Xiao Xiu, is the youngest of the three brothers of the "Public Security School". Yuan Pengnian was a scholar in JOE during the Chongzhen period. He was young and promising. When Hong Guang was founded, Yuan Pengnian was given the responsibility of the Ministry of Rites. Because of his outspoken nature, he exposed the sins of Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng, and was dismissed by Emperor Hong Guang. Emperor Wu of the Long Dynasty established an official position and reinstated it. When the Qing army entered Fujian, Yuan Pengnian fell to the Qing Dynasty. Li Chengdong was soon encouraged to rebel against the Qing Dynasty. After entering the eternal dynasty, Yuan Pengnian was involved in the power and interest dispute with Ma Jixiang and others, and was later left out in Zhaoqing. After the Qing army captured Guangdong again, Yuan Pengnian surrendered himself to the government office, claiming that Li Chengdong forced himself to fight against the Qing Dynasty. Because he was famous and a scholar, there was no big threat, so the Qing government spared his life and let him go back to his hometown Hubei police to spend his old age safely. 〕
Due to the unique political environment of historical figures, it is difficult for us to guess what Li Chengdong really thinks. Perhaps he is a man with a conscience, but he also has a basic motive: if Jin Shenghuan and the generals of the eternal dynasty unite in Jiangxi and Huguang, he will be isolated and vulnerable.
About the incident that Li Chengdong's beloved princess committed suicide and encouraged her to build a building to resist the Qing Dynasty and regain her sight, it was recorded that "the building was built since Guangdong and Guangxi, and thousands of letters were printed, only from the governor." My concubine knows what it means and advises her to do something. Cheng Dong said several times,' What if Songjiang has a hundred mouths?' When you are from Songjiang, you are in a hurry. Yue Ji: "Can't a husband give up what he loves?" Please die before you die, so as to realize your ambition. "Suicide. Chengdong cried,' I am not as good as a woman! It was Yuan Pengnian and Zhang Diaoding who conspired to bribe important people to get the money in Songjiang. Can make, the golden voice will be changed to Nanchang. ..... "It means that, in any case, it is the red anger of Ai Fei that prompted Li Chengdong.
There is also a saying that when Zhao, your concubine, arrived in Guangzhou, the east of the city was plotting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight. Zhao did not know the inside story, and privately encouraged Chengdong to send troops to respond to Jiangxi. Li Chengdong, afraid of leaking the news, severely reprimanded Scott for his nonsense. Therefore, Zhao staged a tragedy of remonstrating with death. At that time, Kuang Lu recorded it with "Lady Zhao's Song". It is worth mentioning that 10 days later, Zhao Lichuan was specially invited and named Shi Kuanglu as a song. It can be seen that this really happened, and it is indeed this beautiful woman who prompted Li Chengdong to make up his mind to clear up her eyes! Zhao is the concubine mentioned above. How insignificant the fate of women is in the torrent of history, but Zhao left a heavy sum in a unique way.
Anyway, after Guangdong and Guangxi, Emperor Li Yong wrote a letter to Li Chengdong, named Hou Guangchang Hou, promoted Jia to Xiang Pingbo, and promoted Geng Zhong Xian to the Ministry of War history. Soon, Li Chengdong was named King Hui. Special envoys were sent to welcome the emperor to Guangdong, but university students Qu Shizhen and others thought that if the court moved to Guangzhou, it would be manipulated and Liu's farce would be staged again because they expressed strong opposition. After several discussions, we finally decided to take Zhaoqing, the place where Li Yong ascended the throne.
1648 (two years in Li Yong and five years in Shunzhi) On June 10th, Li Yong left Nanning, Guangxi for Zhaoqing. Li Chengdong first sent his adopted son Li Yuanyin to Wuzhou to meet him. On the first day of August, Emperor Li Yong arrived in Zhaoqing by boat and met the audience in the suburbs of Li Chengdong. In the palace, he prepared twelve thousand pieces of silver in advance as a reward for Li Yong.
In the early days, Li Chengdong was quite loyal to Li Yong, respected the court and observed the Minister's Day. Although the whole province of Guangdong and Wuzhou, Guangxi, were incorporated into the territory of Nanming in any case because of him, he advocated that local officials should be appointed and removed by the imperial court, not under his control, and specially instructed the Minister of Public Administration and the Second Department to say, "When the emperor arrives, he will send books to the Ministry, or use them, or not use them, or even adjust them." However, it didn't take long for Li Chengdong to discover that the top-down abuse of power by the Li Yong court made little achievements in judging right and wrong. This has greatly damaged Li Chengdong's enthusiasm and should also affect his actions. We can see that Li Chengdong was invincible, but he didn't achieve anything after all, and he was almost defeated by the Qing army. It can be seen that historical figures are almost completely influenced by environment and situation.
Anyway, children are forced to participate in armor. Although Li Yong court named him Xiang Pingbo, he hung an empty title to manage Zhong Jun's affairs, but the real power was completely in Li Chengdong's hands. It is not that he doesn't want to be lonely. He went to the convent and said, "If you doubt a minister, kill him. If you don't doubt him, let him go How can you live here? " The imperial court still only dealt with it by "superior imperial edict" and did not give him any actual position. Obviously, the Li Yong court didn't trust him. The child bride not only missed the favor of the Qing court, but also knew that she was very suspected in the Li Yong court. He secretly sent a message to the Qing court, explaining the situation of the Guangdong-Guangxi incident and requesting the Qing army to go south, and he himself acted as the inside man. Unexpectedly, the emissary was caught by Li Chengdong soldiers on the road. Li Chengdong's adopted son, Li Yuanyin, was then the governor of Royal Guards, and the magistrate was forbidden to travel. In the name of offering sacrifices (that is, the tomb of Zhu Youlang's father), Li Yong sent Tong Yangjia to Wuzhou. Li Yuanyin set an ambush in advance where the children's boat would pass, and seized and killed the armor. Immediately, all the cronies of the child bride were beheaded to clean up their internal worries.
(Li Yuanyin, Zi Bo, a native of Nanyang, Henan Province, was originally a Confucian. Li Chengdong robbed a good family and raised him as a son. Li Yuanyin fought with Li Chengdong since he was a child, "read a little, know the righteousness" and "be careful and measured". Li Yuanyin was unhappy when his adoptive father came to Qing. Anyway, Li Yuanyin is definitely a person who takes the lead in persuading Cheng. )
In any case, Li Chengdong has greatly influenced the war situation, which is undoubtedly very beneficial to Nan Ming. However, the Li Yong imperial court existed in name only, and no one made overall plans and made corresponding decisions. In this way, the powerful factions in various places go their own way, and the great opportunity to recover lost ground is lost.
Jin Shenghuan and Li Chengdong shocked the Qing court anyway, and Regent Dourgen held a military meeting for this purpose. He believed that the Han generals could rely on them and sent an army composed entirely of flag soldiers, led by Manchu and Mongolian generals, from Beijing to Jin Shenghuan. At this time, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren had not captured Ganzhou, so they had to retreat in a hurry to save Nanchang. The Qing army failed to attack Nanchang, so it began a long siege. Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren sent people to He Tengjiao for help, but He Tengjiao did not lend a helping hand in time. After Nanchang was besieged for eight months, the city began to be seriously short of food. At this time, some soldiers surrendered secretly, and the Qing army was able to climb the city wall and enter the city smoothly. Jin Shenghuan committed suicide and Wang Deren was captured and executed.
On the same day that Nanchang fell, He Tengjiao was captured in Xiangtan. Killed in Changsha six days later.
After the downfall of Nanchang Jin and Wang, Ganzhou had no worries. Manchu soldiers with Zhenghongqi and Zhengbaiqi sent by Tan Tai, the general of the Southern Expedition, also came to Ganzhou, and their forces were strengthened, so they assembled all elite troops to attack.
On February 16, the main force of Manchu-Han allied forces set out from Ganzhou to attack Xinfeng, where Li Chengdong was stationed, and sent 800 people to Yidu to assist in defense. On the 28th, the Qing army attacked Yan Bu, which was stationed in Quling of Ming Dynasty, and even broke five wooden cities set up by Yan Bu there (according to news reports, wooden cities are fortifications connected by wooden stakes partially buried in the ground). At noon on the 29th, the Qing army advanced to a place five or six miles away from Xinfeng, and Li Chengdong entered the army to fight. For the Qing court, Li Chengdong was invincible from north to south and was easily defeated by the Qing army. Li Chengdong had to retreat into the city.
On the first day of March, the Qing army began to attack the city. At that time, Taojiang River outside the east gate of Xinfeng was flooded and could not cross the river. The Qing army dug piles outside the west and north gates and on the dry road at the south gate to prevent the Ming army from breaking through. Li Chengdong's morale is unstable. Seeing that the East Gate was not kept, the Qing army rushed out of the East Gate to cross the river and fled. The Qing army easily occupied Xinfeng, chasing after the situation and killing the residents in the city. Li Jun was in chaos and the generals fled south. Li Chengdong fell off his horse and drowned while crossing the river. The Danielle soldiers hurried for their lives until they retreated to Dayuling to count the horses, only to find that the coach was gone. After tracking, they realized that Li Chengdong had fallen into the water and drowned. The chaos at that time can be imagined. It's just that Li Chengdong, who has always been invincible, turned out to be such a cowardly way to die, which makes people sigh with emotion.
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