This is written in the sky. This is a small seal script.
After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 1 year ago), Xiao Zhuan implemented the policy of "one language for writing, and the same track for cars" and unified measurement.
On the earth, Jin Mi found Xu Feng. They wrote on paper, using simplified Chinese characters and traditional Chinese characters.
Extended data
The origin of Xiao Zhuan:
Climb Mount Tai, enjoy the small world, view the stone carvings, and penetrate the ancient and modern times. In 2 19 BC, Qin Shihuang toured the east, sealed Mount Tai, meditated on Fu Liang, and carved stones to praise him. The lettering is handed down from Lisi Shu, rigorous and vigorous, steady and balanced; The glyph is fair and symmetrical, slender and beautiful; The lines are round and healthy as iron, and the rounder the square.
The inheritance of Da Zhuan, the enlightenment of Li Shu, and Xiao Zhuan are not uncommon among the heavy weapons of the country. They are "born aristocrats" in Chinese characters and indelible cultural marks of the Chinese nation.
1, a hundred years of troubled times, the characters of the vassal state are abnormal.
During the Warring States period, vassal states went their own way. Due to different regions and development levels, languages of different countries are increasingly divided, forming a situation of "different sounds, different characters". There is only one word "Ma". Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei have different writing styles, and the seven languages are ever-changing.
In the TV series The Legend of Mi Yue, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, Zhang Yi, was witty and elegant, and was deeply loved by many audiences. In history, Zhang Yi was wei ren, but he traveled all over the world, and he could understand speeches and lectures, and read them smoothly, without any obstacles in translation and communication.
Diplomats, represented by Zhang Yi, can lobby around and unite with Lian Heng, which shows that although languages of different countries are different, they can still communicate. In the final analysis, it is because all countries have the same cultural origins and languages come down in one continuous line.
The languages of various countries are one after another, but Qin has retained the "orthodoxy" of Chinese characters. In 770 BC, it moved eastward, and Qin inherited the hometown of the Western Zhou Dynasty, thus inheriting the essays that originated in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Wen Shu, also known as Da Zhuan, was named after Zhou Xuanwang's Tai Shi Shu. The representative of Wen Shu is now Shi Guwen.
During the Tang Dynasty, ten drum-shaped stone piers were unearthed in the south of Baoji, Shaanxi Province, and ten four-character poems were engraved on them. Because the stone is shaped like a drum, it is named "Shi Guwen". His brushwork lacks the pictographs of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, and is somewhat dignified and orderly. His writing style can be described as "the completion of Da Zhuan, the beginning of Xiao Zhuan", which is the symbol of the development and transition of pre-Qin characters.
2. From the beginning to the world, the unified text is Xiao Zhuan.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xu" recorded: "At the beginning of Qin Shihuang, Prime Minister Li Si played with him and did not cooperate with Qin Wen."
In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, and ordered Prime Minister Li Si to be responsible for the collation and unification of characters, collecting, sorting, processing and finalizing Qin fonts, standardizing and popularizing them throughout the country, and abolishing the variant characters of the six countries.
Since then, Qin adopted more convenient calligraphy and stipulated a unified standard font. Prime Minister Reese wrote Cang Xie, Zhongche Mansion ordered Zhao Gao to write an almanac, and a surname ordered Hu Wujing to write a book of learning. "They all take the stone script, or they are quite changed. The so-called small seal script is also." Take these three-character classics as models to standardize the style and writing.
The appearance of Qin Xiao Zhuan ended the confusion of words since the Warring States Period. The development of China's calligraphy art has entered a new era.
After Qin Shihuang completed the great cause of reunification, he toured the east, "carving stones to praise Qin De and discuss mountains and rivers", followed the ancestors' legacy and carved stone drums to record things, chanting poems and carving stones to show great achievements, which was admired by the world. There are seven kinds of stone carvings, namely, Yishan stone carving, Taishan stone carving, Langya stone carving, Zhiyang stone carving, Dongguan stone carving, Jieshi stone carving and Huiji stone carving, so it is also called "Chyi Chin stone carving".
These seven stone carvings are believed to have been written by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, and the font used is Xiao Zhuan. Among them, "Carving Stone on Yishan Mountain" praised the achievements of Qin Shihuang, with strong and smooth fonts, round and symmetrical lines and smart and dignified style, which showed the majestic atmosphere of Qin State and became a model for future generations to copy "Biography".
Li Si summed up a set of writing skills, which were widely circulated among the people at that time, and even officials in the palace rushed to follow suit. Even Qin Shihuang himself was "sometimes Xi is very subtle" and was passed down as a much-told story.
3. Some people inherited it, and famous seal writers came forth in large numbers.
Xiao Zhuan is dignified and rigorous, and every painting reveals great power, but its structure is complex and its writing is slow, which can't meet the needs of daily writing. According to the Records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, Qin "was founded as an official script, which began with many troubles in officials and prisons and was easy to be saved and applied to disciples". In fact, the word "one country" has been formed, that is, the parallel situation of seal script and official script.
With the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty inherited Xiao Zhuan, which is still the main style of writing, such as plowing tigers in Pingdu and carving stones in Huo Qubing's tomb. During this period, the seal script became more and more simple and square, and the brushwork was slightly mixed with the meaning of official script, which was generally used in solemn occasions and gold wares.
With the development of history, Xiao Zhuan gradually faded out of the stage of practical writing and was replaced by official script. However, it has not retired from the historical stage, but has been used in more solemn fields by future generations because of its simplicity and luxury, especially in seal cutting.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the artistry of seal script was more pure and maintained its unique aesthetic value. The calligraphy style in the Tang Dynasty was very prosperous, and the seal script was also revived, which was called "the revival of seal script" by calligraphy historians. In the Qing Dynasty, there were many remains of ancient seal script, scholars learned from their ancestors, and famous artists came forth in large numbers, and seal script calligraphy reached its climax again.
Among later calligraphers, Li's seal script in Tang Dynasty was the highest achievement. He is Li Si, who prefers boys to girls, and is called "Li Er". Its seal writing skill is profound, vigorous and neat. The poet Li Bai once praised: "When you put pen to paper and sprinkle seal script, the cloud collapses. The words are also brilliant, and the five-color Luo Huaxing. "
According to records, during the first year of Emperor Taizong, he was appointed as the magistrate of Jinyun County. In autumn, in case of drought, Li prayed for rain in Chenghuang Temple. He swore that if it didn't rain in five days, he would set fire to the temple. If it rains, move the temple from the dark valley to the top of the mountain. Later, the heavy rain came as scheduled.
Li fulfilled his promise, organized officials and villagers to rebuild the Chenghuang Temple, and personally wrote an article to record the matter and set up a monument for the Chenghuang Temple in Jinyun. Inscription calligraphy comes down in one continuous line with Biography of Li, but it is unique, which embodies the atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty monument and is highly respected by future generations.
References:
Xiao Zhuan: Spring and Autumn Calligraphy (Exploration of Chinese Characters)-People's Daily Online